Avaliação das metástases encefálicas antes e após radiocirurgia através de técnica de permeabilidade por ressonância magnética / Assessment of irradiated brain metastases using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da radiocirurgia estereotática (RC) sobre a permeabilidade tumoral das metástases encefálicas, utilizando-se como parâmetro a o coeficiente de transferência de contraste (transfer coefficient, Ktrans) obtida pela técnica de permeabilidade por ressonância magnética (RM). Objetivou-se também avaliar a capacidade de medições Ktrans para prever a resposta volumétrica tumoral a médio prazo depois da RC. Métodos: Vinte e seis pacientes adultos com um total de 34 metástases encefálicas foram submetidos a exames de RM, com sequência dinâmica ponderada em T1, após administração de contraste, em magneto de 1,5 T, antes da RC (linha de base) e 4-8 semanas após o tratamento. A partir desta sequência, foram obtidos mapas paramétricos Ktrans e realizadas medições em regiões de interesse das lesões. Adicionalmente, imagens convencionais ponderadas em T1 pós-contraste foram obtidas pelo menos 16 semanas após a RC, a fim de avaliar a resposta volumétrica tumoral baseada na variação de volume. Resultados: A média ± (devio-padrão [DP]) do valor de Ktrans foi 0,13 ± 0,11 min-1 no exame inicial e 0,08 ± 0,07 min-1 após 4-8 semanas do tratamento (p < 0,001). Os pacientes foram seguidos em média por 7,9 ± 4,7 meses. Dezessete deles (22 lesões) foram submetidos a RM após 16 semanas do tratamento. Destes, 9 (41%) lesões tinham progredido no médio prazo. O aumento da medida de Ktrans após RC foi preditivo de progressão do volume tumoral (taxa de risco = 1,50, interval de confiança 95%: 1,16-1,70, p < 0,001), sendo que a elevação em 15% do valor de Ktrans mostrou uma sensibilidade de 78% e uma especificidade de 85% para a previsão de progressão do volume tumoral a médio prazo. Conclusão: RC está associada a redução dos valores Ktrans das metástases encefálicas no período pós-tratamento precoce. Além disso a variação Ktrans, medida através da técnica de permabilidade por RM, pode ser útil para prever a resposta do volume tumoral a médio prazo para este...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on cerebral metastases using the transfer coefficient (Ktrans) assessed with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the ability of Ktrans measurements to predict mid-term tumor outcomes after SRS. Methods: Twenty-six adult patients with a total of 34 cerebral metastases underwent T1-weighted DCE MRI in a 1.5T magnet at baseline (prior to SRS) and 4-8 weeks after treatment. Quantitative analysis of DCE MRI was performed generating Ktrans parametric maps, and region-of-interest-based measurements were acquired for each metastasis. Conventional MRI was performed at least 16 weeks after SRS to assess mid-term tumor outcome using volume variation. Results: The mean ± (Standard Deviation[SD]) Ktrans value was 0.13 ± 0.11 min-1 at baseline and 0.08 ± 0.07 min-1 after 4-8 weeks posttreatment (p < 0.001). The mean (± SD) total follow-up time was 7.9 ± 4.7 months. Seventeen patients (22 lesions) underwent mid-term MRI. Of those, 9 (41%) lesions had progressed at the mid-term follow-up. An increase in Ktrans after SRS was predictive of tumor progression (hazard ratio =1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.70, p < 0.001). An increase of 15% in Ktrans showed a 78% sensitivity and 85% specificity for prediction of progression at mid-term follow-up. Conclusion: SRS was associated with a reduction of Ktrans values of the cerebral metastases in the early post-treatment period. Furthermore, Ktrans variation as assessed using DCE MRI may be helpful to predict mid-term outcomes after SRS.

Outbreak of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among patients hospitalized in a bone marrow transplant ward: tomographic findings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the main aspects on CT scans of six patients hospitalized in a bone marrow transplant ward, diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), during an in-hospital outbreak of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed 10 chest CT scans of six neutropenic or immunocompromised patients hospitalized in the hematology and bone marrow transplant ward of the Hospital São Paulo, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who were diagnosed with IPA between April of 2007 and October of 2007. The diagnosis of IPA was confirmed by anatomopathological findings (in 2 cases), culture (in 3 cases) or appropriate treatment response (in 1 case). RESULTS: We evaluated the CT scans of three male and three female patients, ranging from 22 to 58 years of age. The most common tomographic findings were nodules (5/6 cases) and areas of consolidation (2/6 cases). The nodules were more often multiple (3/5 cases), with irregular contours (4/5 cases) and accompanied by the halo sign (3/5 cases). One case presented multiple, centrally distributed areas of consolidation, and another presented an isolated, peripheral area of consolidation. Areas of ground-glass attenuation and septal thickening were found in three and two patients, respectively. Bilateral pleural effusion occurred in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Consolidation, nodules, septal thickening, pleural effusion and ground-glass opacities were the principal tomographic findings in the six patients hospitalized in the above mentioned ward during the IPA outbreak. The nodules were often (in 67% of the cases) accompanied by the halo sign, a classically described finding in patients with IPA.

Surto de aspergilose pulmonar invasiva em enfermaria de transplante de medula óssea: achados tomográficos / Outbreak of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among patients hospitalized in a bone marrow transplant ward: tomographic findings

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os principais aspectos encontrados na TC de seis pacientes internados em uma enfermaria de transplante de medula óssea, diagnosticados com aspergilose pulmonar invasiva (API) durante um surto intra-hospitalar da doença. MÉTODOS: Foram revisadas 10 TC de tórax de seis pacientes internados na enfermaria de hematologia e transplante de medula óssea do Hospital São Paulo em São Paulo (SP) entre abril de 2007 e outubro de 2007, neutropênicos ou imunossuprimidos, que evoluíram com API. O diagnóstico de API foi comprovado por exames anatomopatológicos (2 casos), cultura (3 casos) ou por resposta terapêutica adequada (1 caso). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas imagens tomográficas de três homens e três mulheres com idades variando de 22 a 58 anos. Nódulos (5/6 casos) e áreas de consolidação (2/6 casos) foram os achados tomográficos mais comuns. Os nódulos eram mais frequentemente múltiplos (3/5 casos), de contornos irregulares (3/5 casos) e com sinal do halo (3/5 casos). Foram encontradas consolidações múltiplas e de distribuição central em um caso e consolidação isolada e periférica em outro. Áreas de atenuação em vidro fosco e espessamento septal foram achados, respectivamente, em três e dois pacientes. Derrame pleural bilateral ocorreu em três casos. CONCLUSÕES: Consolidação, nódulos, opacidades em vidro fosco, derrame pleural e espessamentos septais foram os principais achados tomográficos dos seis pacientes internados na enfermaria acima citada durante o surto de API. O sinal do halo, classicamente descrito na literatura para esta condição, foi um achado frequente quando associado a nódulos (67 por cento).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the main aspects on CT scans of six patients hospitalized in a bone marrow transplant ward, diagnosed with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), during an in-hospital outbreak of the disease. METHODS: We reviewed 10 chest CT scans of six neutropenic or immunocompromised patients hospitalized in the hematology and bone marrow transplant ward of the Hospital São Paulo, in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, who were diagnosed with IPA between April of 2007 and October of 2007. The diagnosis of IPA was confirmed by anatomopathological findings (in 2 cases), culture (in 3 cases) or appropriate treatment response (in 1 case). RESULTS: We evaluated the CT scans of three male and three female patients, ranging from 22 to 58 years of age. The most common tomographic findings were nodules (5/6 cases) and areas of consolidation (2/6 cases). The nodules were more often multiple (3/5 cases), with irregular contours (4/5 cases) and accompanied by the halo sign (3/5 cases). One case presented multiple, centrally distributed areas of consolidation, and another presented an isolated, peripheral area of consolidation. Areas of ground-glass attenuation and septal thickening were found in three and two patients, respectively. Bilateral pleural effusion occurred in three cases. CONCLUSIONS: Consolidation, nodules, septal thickening, pleural effusion and ground-glass opacities were the principal tomographic findings in the six patients hospitalized in the abovementioned ward during the IPA outbreak. The nodules were often (in 67 percent of the cases) accompanied by the halo sign, a classically described finding in patients with IPA.