Evolution and Epidemic Spread of the Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) GI-23 in Brazil.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogen affecting poultry flocks worldwide. GI-23 is an IBV lineage with a rapid spread into different continents of the world, and it was reported for the first time in South American/Brazilian broiler farms last year. This study aimed to investigate the recent introduction and epidemic spread of IBV GI-23 in Brazil. Ninety-four broiler flocks infected with this lineage were evaluated from October 2021 to January 2023. IBV GI-23 was detected using real-time RT-qPCR, and the S1 gene hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HVR1/2) were sequenced. S1 complete and HVR1/2 nucleotide sequence datasets were used to carry out phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses. Brazilian IBV GI-23 strains clustered into two specific subclades (SA.1 and SA.2), both in tree branches with IBV GI-23 from Eastern European poultry-producing countries, suggesting two independent and recent introductions (around 2018). Viral phylodynamic analysis showed that the IBV GI-23 population increased from 2020 to 2021, remaining constant for one year and declining in 2022. S1 amino acid sequences from Brazilian IBV GI-23 presented specific and characteristic substitutions in the HVR1/2 for subclades IBV GI-23 SA.1 and SA.2. This study brings new insights into the introduction and recent epidemiology of IBV GI-23 in Brazil.

Evaluation of Meiofauna in the Hyporheic Zone of the Beberibe River, Pernambuco, Brazil.

The hyporheic environment is composed of a rich meiofauna that depends on water flow, organic matter, and oxygen. The concentration of meiofauna varies spatially (horizontal and vertical) and temporally. Several processes occur at this interface (groundwater and surface water), including biogeochemical processes involving meiofauna. A study of the hyporheic meiofauna community in the sediments of the Beberibe River, in Brazil, was conducted. Meiofauna attained peak densities of 942.8 organisms/10 cm2, with organisms distributed over six taxa, with 98% of them represented by rotifers, nematodes, and annelids. Density was higher in the dry season with an average of 653.1 organisms/10 cm2, and in more superficial sediments with an average of 739.6 organisms/10 cm2. Greater densities were found in coarser sediment with a higher percentage of organic matter. A river bank filtration (RBF) pilot project has been installed, with good results in the attenuation of contaminants and pathogens.

Characterization of Oral Microbiota in Removable Dental Prosthesis Users: Influence of Arterial Hypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Studies have described the possible relation between oral infections and atherosclerotic events. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the oral microbiota of normotensive and hypertensive users of dental prostheses. METHODS: The sample consisted of 41 complete dental prosthesis users, divided into groups: 21 participants with systemic arterial hypertension and 20 normotensive participants. The data collection included the characteristics of the sociodemographic variables and the determination of the microbial load in the saliva. For the descriptive analyses, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used. The description of the proportional differences between the groups was based on the application of Mann-Whitney's statistical test. Statistical significance was set at 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The analysis of the oral microbiota showed the vast growth of aerobic microorganisms in all samples from both groups. The microbial load of streptococci and staphylococci was significantly higher among hypertensive participants. Candida yeasts were detected in the saliva culture of most samples. The hypertensive participants rank in the category of very high colonization index/high risk of infection related to this microorganism. CONCLUSIONS: The mouth of dental prosthesis users, especially when hypertensive, can constitute an important reservoir of pathogens, indicating an established inflammatory or infectious condition or risk for developing this condition.

Use of noninvasive procedures in the cardiovascular risk assessment of hypertensive and normotensive individuals.

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension is associated with a high prevalence of vascular alterations. The use of noninvasive procedures to assess peripheral arterial diseases in the ranking of cardiovascular risks has been increasingly valued in clinical practice and should be adopted in nursing. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cardiovascular risk of hypertensive and normotensive individuals through the use of different noninvasive procedures to assess the vascular function and integrity: ankle-brachial index, pulse pressure, and delta brachial-brachial and delta ankle-brachial indexes. METHODS: Quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional study undertaken at a health service in a Brazilian city. The research variables were age, sex, blood pressure, abdominal circumference, body mass index, ankle-brachial index, pulse pressure, and delta brachial-brachial and delta ankle-brachial indexes. RESULTS: Fifty-four (43.1%) normotensive and 69 (56.9%) hypertensive individuals participated in the study. Alterations were identified in ankle-brachial index, corresponding to mild and moderate arterial obstruction, among hypertensive individuals only (7.2%), with higher pulse pressure indices (P < 0.0001). The assessment of the correlation between the ankle-brachial index and pulse pressure showed no correlation in the normotensive group and a statistically significant correlation among hypertensive patients (Pearson's coefficient = -0.45, P < 0.0001, r(2) = 0.21). A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was found in the analysis of the mean delta brachial-brachial (6.2 ± 0.71 mm Hg for normotensive and 10.16 ± 1.45 mm Hg for hypertensive individuals) and delta ankle-brachial index (0.06 ± 0.01 for normotensive and 0.11 ± 0.01 for hypertensive individuals). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the proposed cardiovascular risk predictors shows more frequent alterations among hypertensive than normotensive individuals.

Níveis de óxido nítrico salivar e indicadores clínicos e bioquímicos de aterosclerose entre usuários de próteses dentárias removíveis / Levels salivary nitric oxide and clinical and biochemical indicators of atherosclerosis between users of removable dental prostheses

A literatura aborda vastamente a relação entre as inflamações e infecções bucais e a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares, entre elas a aterosclerose. Sabemos que o uso de próteses dentárias totais removíveis pode causar inflamação bucal, porém a relação entre inflamações/infecções relacionadas ao uso de próteses e a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares ainda não foi suficientemente descrita. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a correlação entre indicadores clínicos e bioquímicos de aterosclerose e os índices de nitrato salivar de usuários de próteses dentárias totais removíveis. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, correlacional, descritivo, de corte transversal, realizado em uma Unidade de Saúde Preventiva em um município do interior paulista, no período de julho de 2014 a março de 2015. A amostra foi constituída por 44 indivíduos edêntulos totais e usuários de próteses dentárias totais removíveis. Foram avaliadas as variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade, cor da pele, situação familiar conjugal, escolaridade, profissão/ocupação); as características clínicas (medida indireta da Pressão Arterial e Índice Tornozelo Braquial); as variáveis bioquímicas (Colesterol Total e glicemia capilar) e os níveis de óxido nítrico (NO) salivar, obtidos pela dosagem de nitrato realizada por técnica de quimioluminescência. As análises descritivas, com cálculo de frequências absolutas e porcentagens e descrição das médias, desvio padrão e medianas, foram realizadas por meio do pacote estatístico Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS, versão 16.0. Para análise de correlação linear entre as variáveis foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados foram expressos como valores máximos e mínimos, medianas, médias ± erros padrões das médias (EPM), e as diferenças consideradas estatisticamente significativas para p<0,05. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP. A análise do perfil sociodemográfico indicou que a amostra foi composta essencialmente por mulheres, com idade média de 62,9±7,9 anos, cor da pele branca, que conviviam com companheiros e filhos, apresentaram baixos índices de escolaridade e exerciam atividades no próprio lar. A maioria dos participantes (54,4%) informou ter diagnóstico prévio de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e 38,7% apresentaram níveis alterados de pressão arterial no momento da medida. Mais da metade da amostra foi classificada com tolerância diminuída à glicose (56,8%); 22,7% apresentaram níveis elevados de CT e 22,7% apresentaram índices de ITB>1,3, valor indicativo de calcificação arterial. Os participantes apresentaram elevados índices de nitrato salivar, com média de 462,2µM/ml. Não observamos correlação entre as variáveis descritas e os níveis de nitrato salivar. Nossos resultados indicam que a população estudada apresenta fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares e aterosclerose. A ausência de correlação entre as variáveis clínicas e bioquímicas e os níveis de NO salivar indicam que, no presente estudo, o NO não se mostrou um bom marcador de alterações sistêmicas. Podemos considerar que os elevados índices de NO salivar indicam possibilidade de inflamações/infecções focais entre usuários de próteses dentárias, contudo são necessários estudos adicionais para averiguar se estas alterações bucais podem levar ao aumento do risco cardiovascular

he literature widely covers the relations between the inflammations and mouth infections and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis. It is known that the use of dental prosthesis, removable or not can cause mouth inflammations, but the linking between the infection related to the use of prostheses and cardiovascular diseases has not been described enough. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of clinical and biochemical indicators of atherosclerosis and salivary nitrates rates of complete denture wearers. It is a quantitative, descriptive and correlational study of a cross section carried out in a Preventive Health Office in a small city in the state of Sao Paulo, from July 2014 to March 2015. In the sample there were 44 edentulous users of removable dental prosthesis. The evaluation included socio-demographic variations (sex, age, skin color, marital status, education degree, profession); clinical characteristics (indirect measure of blood pressure and ankle brachial index) ; biochemical variations (total cholesterol and capillary glycemia) and the levels of salivary nitric oxide (ON), obtained by the nitrate dosing carried out through chemiluminescence technique. The descriptive analysis with calculation of absolute frequencies, percentage and description of standard deviation averages were accomplished through Statistical Package for Social Science_ SPSS, version 16.0. The coefficient of Spearman correlation has been used to analyze the linear correlation among the variations. The results were expressed as maximum and minimum values and difference significant to p 0,05. The Project was approved by the Comite de Etica em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto - USP. The sócio-demographic analysis has indicated that the sample was compound mostly by women aged from 62,9 about 7,9, White skin,, living with husband and children, who had low education degree and were housewives. Most of the sample (54,4%) iwere previously diagnosed with Systemic Arterial Hypertension and 38,7% showed altered levels of blood pressure at the moment of de measurement. More than 50% of the sample was classified with glucose tolerance diminished (56,8%); 22,7% presented enhanced levels of CT and 22,7% presented index of ITB 1,3, indicative of arterial calcification. The subjects presented high levels of salivary nitrate, average 462,2uM/ml. Correlation between the described variations and the levels of salivary nitrate has not been observed. Our results indicate that the subjects show risk factors to develop atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. The absence of correlation among the clinical and biochemical variations, and the levels of salivary ON indicate that, in this study, the ON has not been a good indicator of systemic alterations. It can be considered that enhanced levels of salivary ON indicate a possibility of focal inflammations among wearers of dental prostheses, although further studies are necessary to check if these oral alterations can increase the cardiovascular risk

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and other pathogenic intestinal parasites in the Beberibe River in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Transmission of pathogenic protozoa and helminths by water is a serious public health problem. In this study, we analyzed the presence of these organisms in the Beberibe River in Pernambuco, Brazil. METHODS: Parasite analysis was performed using the Hoffman, Pons, & Janer method followed by centrifugation and preparation of slides by staining with acetic acid and Lugol's solution. Protozoan oocysts were isolated by the modified Ziehl Neelsen method. RESULTS: Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp. and other parasites were found in the Beberibe River. CONCLUSIONS: Sanitation companies must assess pathogenic intestinal parasites in water basins providing public water and subsequently develop improved treatment systems for removal of such parasites.

Comparative analysis of non-adherence to medication treatment for systemic arterial hypertension in urban and rural populations.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the indexes and the main factors associated with non-adherence to medication treatment for systemic arterial hypertension between urban and rural areas. METHOD: analytical study based on an epidemiological survey with a sample of 247 hypertensive residents of rural and urban areas, with application of a socio-demographic and economic questionnaire, and treatment adherence assessment. The Pearson's Chi-square test was used and the odds ratio (OD) was calculated to analyze the factors related to non-adherence. RESULTS: the prevalence of non-adherence was 61.9% and it was higher in urban areas (63.4%). Factors significantly associated with non-adherence were: male gender (OR=1.95; 95% CI 1.08-3.50), age 20-59 years old (OR=2.51; 95% CI 1.44-4.39), low economic status (OR=1.95; 95% CI 1.09-3.47), alcohol consumption (OR=5.92, 95% CI 1.73-20.21), short time of hypertension diagnosis (OR=3.07; 95% CI 1.35-6.96) and not attending the health service for routine consultations (OR=2.45; 1.35-4.42). CONCLUSION: the socio-demographic/economic characteristics, lifestyle habits and how to relate to health services were the factors that presented association with non-adherence regardless of the place of residence.

Hypotensive Response Magnitude and Duration in Hypertensives: Continuous and Interval Exercise / Magnitude e Duração da Resposta Hipotensora em Hipertensos: Exercício Contínuo e Intervalado

Background: Although exercise training is known to promote post-exercise hypotension, there is currently no consistent argument about the effects of manipulating its various components (intensity, duration, rest periods, types of exercise, training methods) on the magnitude and duration of hypotensive response. Objective: To compare the effect of continuous and interval exercises on hypotensive response magnitude and duration in hypertensive patients by using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Methods: The sample consisted of 20 elderly hypertensives. Each participant underwent three ABPM sessions: one control ABPM, without exercise; one ABPM after continuous exercise; and one ABPM after interval exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) were monitored to check post-exercise hypotension and for comparison between each ABPM. Results: ABPM after continuous exercise and after interval exercise showed post-exercise hypotension and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in SBP, DBP, MAP and DP for 20 hours as compared with control ABPM. Comparing ABPM after continuous and ABPM after interval exercise, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in SBP, DBP, MAP and DP was observed in the latter. Conclusion: Continuous and interval exercise trainings promote post-exercise hypotension with reduction in SBP, DBP, MAP and DP in the 20 hours following exercise. Interval exercise training causes greater post-exercise hypotension and lower cardiovascular overload as compared with continuous exercise. .

Fundamento: Embora se saiba que o exercício promova hipotensão pós-exercício, até o momento não há argumentações consistentes sobre os efeitos da manipulação de seus diversos componentes (intensidade, duração, intervalos de descanso, tipos de exercício, métodos de treinamento) na magnitude e duração da resposta hipotensora. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos dos exercícios dinâmicos, contínuo e intervalado, sobre a magnitude e duração da resposta hipotensora em hipertensos por meio da monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA). Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 20 idosos hipertensos. Cada participante realizou três sessões de MAPA, sendo uma controle (sem exercício), uma após exercício contínuo e uma após exercício intervalado. O monitoramento de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência cardíaca (FC) e duplo produto (DP) foi realizado para verificação da hipotensão pós-exercício e comparação entre cada MAPA. Resultados: As MAPAs após exercício contínuo e intervalado demonstraram hipotensão pós-exercício e redução significativa (p < 0,05) de PAS, PAD, PAM e DP por 20 horas, na comparação com a MAPA controle. Na comparação entre as MAPAs após exercício contínuo e intervalado, verificou-se redução significativa (p < 0,05) de PAS, PAD, PAM e DP após exercício intervalado. Conclusão: Os exercícios contínuo e intervalado promovem hipotensão pós-exercício, com redução significativa de PAS, PAD, PAM e DP ao longo das 20 horas subsequentes à atividade. O exercício intervalado gera maior magnitude de hipotensão pós-exercício e menor sobrecarga cardiovascular, medida por menor DP. .

Comparative analysis of non-adherence to medication treatment for systemic arterial hypertension in urban and rural populations / Análise comparativa da não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em população urbana e rural / Análisis comparativa de la no adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso de la hipertensión arterial sistémica en población urbana y rural

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the indexes and the main factors associated with non-adherence to medication treatment for systemic arterial hypertension between urban and rural areas. METHOD: analytical study based on an epidemiological survey with a sample of 247 hypertensive residents of rural and urban areas, with application of a socio-demographic and economic questionnaire, and treatment adherence assessment. The Pearson's Chi-square test was used and the odds ratio (OD) was calculated to analyze the factors related to non-adherence. RESULTS: the prevalence of non-adherence was 61.9% and it was higher in urban areas (63.4%). Factors significantly associated with non-adherence were: male gender (OR=1.95; 95% CI 1.08-3.50), age 20-59 years old (OR=2.51; 95% CI 1.44-4.39), low economic status (OR=1.95; 95% CI 1.09-3.47), alcohol consumption (OR=5.92, 95% CI 1.73-20.21), short time of hypertension diagnosis (OR=3.07; 95% CI 1.35-6.96) and not attending the health service for routine consultations (OR=2.45; 1.35-4.42). CONCLUSION: the socio-demographic/economic characteristics, lifestyle habits and how to relate to health services were the factors that presented association with non-adherence regardless of the place of residence. .

OBJETIVO: avaliar os índices e os principais fatores associados a não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da hipertensão arterial sistêmica, entre área urbana e rural. MÉTODO: estudo analítico baseado em inquérito epidemiológico, realizado com amostra de 247 hipertensos moradores das áreas rural e urbana, com aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico, econômico e avaliação da adesão. Foi utilizado o teste quiquadrado de Pearson e calculado o Odds Ratio (OD) para análise dos fatores relacionados a não adesão. RESULTADOS: a prevalência da não adesão foi de 61,9%, sendo maior na área urbana (63,4%). Os fatores que apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com a não adesão foram: gênero masculino (OR=1,95; IC95% 1,08-3,50), faixa etária entre 20 e 59 anos (OR=2,51; IC95% 1,44-4,39), baixa classe econômica (OR=1,95; IC95% 1,09-3,47), etilismo (OR=5,92; IC 95% 1,73-20,21), tempo curto de diagnóstico de hipertensão (OR=3,07; IC95% 1,35-6,96) e não procura pelo serviço de saúde para consultas de rotina (OR=2,45; 1,35-4,42). CONCLUSÃO: as características sociodemográficas, econômicas, hábitos de vida e o modo de relacionar-se com os serviços de saúde foram os fatores que apresentaram associação com a não adesão, independentemente do local de residência. .

OBJETIVO: evaluar los índices y los principales factores asociados a la no adhesión al tratamiento medicamentoso de la hipertensión arterial sistémica entre área urbana y rural. MÉTODO: estudio analítico basado en investigación epidemiológica desarrollada con una muestra de 247 hipertensos moradores del área rural y urbana, con aplicación de un cuestionario sociodemográfico, económico y evaluación de la adhesión. Fue utilizado la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson y calculado el odds ratio (OD) para análisis de los factores relacionados a la no adhesión. RESULTADOS: la prevalencia de la no adhesión correspondió a 61,9%, siendo mayor en el área urbana (63,4%). Los factores que mostraron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la no adhesión fueron: género masculino (OR=1,95; IC95% 1,08-3,50), rango de edad entre 20 a 59 años (OR=2,51; IC95% 1,44-4,39), clase económica baja (OR=1,95; IC95% 1,09-3,47), etilismo (OR=5,92; IC 95% 1,73-20,21), tiempo corto de diagnóstico de hipertensión (OR=3,07; IC95% 1,35-6,96) y no procurar el servicio de salud para consultas de rutina (OR=2,45; 1,35-4,42). CONCLUSIÓN: las características sociodemográficas/económicas, hábitos de vida y el modo de relacionar con los servicios de salud fueron los factores que mostraron asociación con la no adhesión independientemente del local de residencia. .

Hypotensive response magnitude and duration in hypertensives: continuous and interval exercise.

BACKGROUND: Although exercise training is known to promote post-exercise hypotension, there is currently no consistent argument about the effects of manipulating its various components (intensity, duration, rest periods, types of exercise, training methods) on the magnitude and duration of hypotensive response. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of continuous and interval exercises on hypotensive response magnitude and duration in hypertensive patients by using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). METHODS: The sample consisted of 20 elderly hypertensives. Each participant underwent three ABPM sessions: one control ABPM, without exercise; one ABPM after continuous exercise; and one ABPM after interval exercise. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and double product (DP) were monitored to check post-exercise hypotension and for comparison between each ABPM. RESULTS: ABPM after continuous exercise and after interval exercise showed post-exercise hypotension and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in SBP, DBP, MAP and DP for 20 hours as compared with control ABPM. Comparing ABPM after continuous and ABPM after interval exercise, a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in SBP, DBP, MAP and DP was observed in the latter. CONCLUSION: Continuous and interval exercise trainings promote post-exercise hypotension with reduction in SBP, DBP, MAP and DP in the 20 hours following exercise. Interval exercise training causes greater post-exercise hypotension and lower cardiovascular overload as compared with continuous exercise.

Cardiovascular risk in white coat hypertension: an evaluation of the ankle brachial index.

The aim in this study was to identify the cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from white coat hypertension (WCH) by determining the ankle brachial index (ABI) with an automatic oscillometric sphygmomanometer. The study was undertaken in a Brazilian city between August 2010 and June 2011. The study variables were age, ethnic origin, marital status, education level, profession, weight, height, waist circumference, arm and ankle blood pressure (BP), and ABI. Analysis of variance was used for repeated measures and Tukey's test for multiple comparisons of means. The linear relationship between systolic BP levels and ankle brachial indices was verified using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results were expressed as mean values ± standard errors of means, and differences were considered statistically significant when P < .05. Study participants were 135 subjects, including 37% normotensive, 37% hypertensive (HT), and 26% WCH patients. WCH individuals revealed intermediate risk in the analysis of the clinical variables. Alterations compatible with peripheral obstructive arterial disease and arterial calcification were observed only in the HT and WCH groups. These findings lead to the premise that WCH should not be viewed as a benign condition. The measurement of the ABI should be considered in the clinical approach of patients and professionals should use it as an instrument for cardiovascular risk assessment in routine health care delivery.

Fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial entre estudantes do ensino médio / Risk factors for hypertension among middle school students

OBJETIVO: Identificar os valores pressóricos e estimar a frequência de fatores de risco para a hipertensão arterial entre estudantes do ensino médio. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, desenvolvido em escolas da Região Sudeste brasileira. Fizeram parte da amostra 184 adolescentes matriculados na segunda série do ensino médio, em 2009. Além da mensuração das variáveis clínicas, foram aplicados instrumentos para identificação de fatores de risco associados à doença hipertensiva. RESULTADOS: A alteração pressórica foi um parâmetro detectado em 22,3% da amostra. Dentre os fatores de risco investigados, o histórico familiar de doenças cardiovasculares e o consumo de álcool foram os mais prevalentes. CONCLUSÃO: Há necessidade de valorizar as medidas de prevenção primária e detecção precoce da hipertensão arterial entre adolescentes, com especial atenção para a avaliação dos antecedentes familiares e adoção de hábitos de risco.

OBJECTIVE: To identify blood pressure values and estimate the frequency of risk factors for hypertension among middle school students. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study, conducted in schools in the southeastern region of Brazil. The sample consisted of 184 adolescents enrolled in the second semester of middle school, in 2009. In addition to the measurement of clinical variables, instruments were applied to identify risk factors associated with hypertension. RESULTS: An alteration in blood pressure was a parameter detected in 22.3% of the sample. Among the risk factors investigated, family history of cardiovascular disease and alcohol consumption were the most prevalent. CONCLUSION: There is need to enhance the measures of primary prevention and early detection of arterial hypertension among adolescents, with special attention to the assessment of family history and adoption of risk habits.

OBJETIVO: Identificar los valores presóricos y estimar la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo para la hipertensión arterial entre estudiantes de enseñanza media. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, desarrollado en escuelas de la Región Sudeste brasileña. Conformaron la muestra 184 adolescentes matriculados en la segunda serie de la enseñanza media, en el 2009. Además de la mensuración de las variables clínicas, se aplicaron instrumentos para la identificación de factores de riesgo asociados a la enfermedad hipertensiva. RESULTADOS: La alteración presórica fue un parámetro detectado en el 22,3% de la muestra. Entre los factores de riesgo investigados, la historia clínica familiar de enfermedades cardiovasculares y el consumo de alcohol fueron los más prevalentes. CONCLUSIÓN: Hay necesidad de valorizar las medidas de prevención primaria y detección precoz de la hipertensión arterial entre adolescentes, con especial atención a la evaluación de los antecedentes familiares y adopción de hábitos de riesgo.

Criança obesa, adulto hipertenso? / Obese child, hypertensive adult? / El niño obeso, adulto hipertenso?

Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar a influência da obesidade infantil no desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial do adulto. Fizeram parte da amostra 46 usuários da Unidade de Saúde de um município paulista atendidos no período de setembro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2009. A classificação do estado nutricional infantil foi obtida por meio do registro do percentil. A pressão arterial foi mensurada por método indireto, obedecendo às especificações das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão. Os valores antropométricos atuais foram obtidos de acordo com as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os dados foram exportados e analisados no programa Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS, para cálculo de frequências absolutas e porcentagens. Observou-se ocorrência significativa de alterações pressóricas e fatores de risco para a doença hipertensiva, independente de condição nutricional na infância. Estes achados confirmam a importância do controle e avaliação destes indicadores de risco em toda a população.

This study aimed to determine the influence of child obesity in the development of adult hypertension. The sample included 46 users of a Health Service in a city of the state of São Paulo, assisted during the period of September of 2008 to February of 2009. Child nutritional state was classified through the percentile record. Blood pressure was measured by indirect method, in compliance with the Brazilian Hypertension Guidelines. Current anthropometric values were obtained according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Data were exported and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science ? SPSS, for calculations of absolute frequencies and percentages. The occurrence of significant blood pressure changes and risk factors for hypertensive diseases was observed, independent of nutritional condition in childhood. These findings confirm the importance of the control and assessment of these risk factors in the whole population.

El estudio objetivó determinar la influencia de la obesidad infantil en la hipertensión arterial del adulto. Los participantes fueron 46 usuarios atendidos en la Unidad de Salud de un municipio de São Paulo, Brasil, entre Septiembre de 2008 y Febrero de 2009. Se clasificó el estado nutricional infantil por el registro del percentil. La presión arterial fue medida obedeciendo a las especificaciones de las Directrices Brasileñas de Hipertensión. Se obtuvo los valores antropométricos actuales de acuerdo con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Los datos fueron analizados en el programa Statistical Package for Social Science - SPSS, para cálculo de frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes. Se observó ocurrencia significativa de alteraciones de la presión y factores de riesgo para hipertensión, independiente de la condición nutricional en la infancia. Estos hallazgos confirman la importancia del control y evaluación de eses factores de riesgo en toda la población.