One spinal manipulation session reduces local pain sensitivity but does not affect postural stability in individuals with chronic low back pain: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines recommend spinal manipulation for patients with low back pain. However, the effects of spinal manipulation have contradictory findings compared to placebo intervention. Therefore, this study investigated the immediate effects of lumbar spinal manipulation on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and postural stability in people with chronic low back pain (cLBP). Second, we investigated the immediate effect of lumbar spinal manipulation on pain intensity and the interference of the participant beliefs about which treatment was received in the PPT, postural stability, and pain intensity. METHODS: A two-arm, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was performed. Eighty participants with nonspecific cLPB and a minimum score of 3 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale received one session of lumbar spinal manipulation (n = 40) or simulated lumbar spinal manipulation (n = 40). Primary outcomes were local and remote PPTs and postural stability. Secondary outcomes were pain intensity and participant's perceived treatment allocation. Between-group mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated the treatment effect. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed to assess whether beliefs about which treatment was received influenced the outcomes. RESULTS: Participants had a mean (SD) age of 34.9 (10.5) years, and 50 (62.5%) were women. Right L5 [between-group mean difference = 0.55 (95%CI 0.19 to 0.90)], left L5 [between-group mean difference = 0.45 (95%CI 0.13 to 0.76)], right L1 [between-group mean difference = 0.41 (95%CI 0.05 to 0.78)], left L1 [between-group mean difference = 0.57 (95%CI 0.15 to 0.99)], left DT [between-group mean difference = 0.35 (95%CI 0.04 to 0.65)], and right LE [between-group mean difference = 0.34 (95%CI 0.08 to 0.60)] showed superior treatment effect in the spinal manipulation group than sham. Neither intervention altered postural stability. Self-reported pain intensity showed clinically significant decreases in both groups after the intervention. A higher proportion of participants in the spinal manipulation group achieved more than two points of pain relief (spinal manipulation = 90%; sham = 60%). The participants' perceived treatment allocation did not affect the outcomes. CONCLUSION: One spinal manipulation session reduces lumbar pain sensitivity but does not affect postural stability compared to a sham session in individuals with cLPB. Self-reported pain intensity lowered in both groups and a higher proportion of participants in the spinal manipulation group reached clinically significant pain relief. The participant's belief in receiving the manipulation did not appear to have influenced the outcomes since the adjusted model revealed similar findings.

Patient and Surgical Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection in Lower-Extremity Oncological Endoprosthetic Reconstruction: A Secondary Analysis of the PARITY Trial Data.

BACKGROUND: The specific risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in orthopaedic oncology patients undergoing endoprosthetic reconstruction have not previously been evaluated in a large prospective cohort. In the current study, we aimed to define patient- and procedure-specific risk factors for SSI in patients who underwent surgical excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction for lower-extremity bone or soft-tissue tumors using the prospectively collected data of the Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Tumor Surgery (PARITY) trial. METHODS: PARITY was a multicenter, blinded, randomized controlled trial with a parallel 2-arm design that aimed to determine the effect of a long duration (5 days) versus short duration (24 hours) of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics on the rate of SSI in patients undergoing surgical excision and endoprosthetic reconstruction of the femur or tibia. In this secondary analysis of the PARITY data, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was constructed to explore predictors of SSI within 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS: A total of 96 (15.9%) of the 604 patients experienced an SSI. Of the 23 variables analyzed in the univariate analysis, 4 variables achieved significance: preoperative diagnosis, operative time, volume of muscle excised, and hospital length of stay (LOS). However, only hospital LOS was found to be independently predictive of SSI in the multivariate regression analysis (hazard ratio per day = 1.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.01 to 1.05; p < 0.001). An omnibus test of model coefficients demonstrated that the model showed significant improvement over the null model (χ2 = 78.04; p < 0.001). No multicollinearity was found. CONCLUSIONS: This secondary analysis of the PARITY study data found that the only independent risk factor for SSI on multivariate analysis was hospital LOS. It may therefore be reasonable for clinicians to consider streamlined discharge plans for orthopaedic oncology patients to potentially reduce the risk of SSI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

ANKLE ARTHRODESIS WITH INTRAMEDULLARY RETROGRADE NAIL FOR BONE TUMORS. PRELIMINARY RESULTS AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUE.

Objective: Present the preliminary results of a case series using the surgical ankle arthrodesis technique with an intramedullary retrograde nail for bone tumors. Methods: We present the preliminary data of 4 patients, 3 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 46,2 (range 32 to 58) years, with histology proven Giant Cell Tumour of bone in 3 and osteosarcoma in 1. The mean resection length of distal tibia was 11,75 (range 9 to 16) cm, and all the patients underwent reconstruction with a tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intercalary allograft fixed by a retrograde intramedullary nail. Results: Oncological follow-up evolved without evidence of local recurrence or disease progression in all patients. After a mean time of 69.5 (range 32 to 98 months), patients had a mean MSTS12 functional score of 82.5% (range 75 to 90). All tibial arthrodesis and diaphyseal osteotomy sites were fused within 6 months with a return to activities without complications related to coverage skin or infection. Conclusion: No complications were recorded; all arthrodesis and diaphysial tibial osteotomy sites fused by 6 months, and the mean follow-up of those patients was 69,5 (range 32 to 988) months, with a mean functional MSTS score of 82,5% (range 75-90). Level of Evidence: IV; Retrospective Case Series.

Objetivo: Apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma série de casos utilizando a técnica cirúrgica de artrodese do tornozelo com haste intramedular retrógada para tumores ósseos. Métodos: Apresentamos os dados preliminares de quatro pacientes, três homens e uma mulher, com idade média de 46,2 (variação de 32 a 58) anos, com histologia comprovada de tumor de células gigantes em três e osteossarcoma em um. O comprimento médio de ressecção da tíbia distal foi de 11,75 (variação de 9 a 16) cm, e todos os pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução com uma artrodese tibiotalocalcaneana com um aloenxerto intercalar fixado por uma haste intramedular retrógrada. Resultados: O acompanhamento oncológico evoluiu sem evidências de recidiva local ou progressão da doença, em todos os pacientes. Após um tempo médio de 69,5 (variação de 32 a 98 meses), os pacientes tiveram uma pontuação média funcional MSTS12 de 82,5% (variação de 75 a 90). Todos os locais de artrodese e osteotomia diafisária tibiais foram fundidos em 6 meses com retorno às atividades de vida diária sem complicações relacionadas à cobertura ou infecção. Conclusão: Não foram registradas complicações; todos os locais de artrodese e osteotomia diafisária da tíbia fundiram-se em 6 meses, e o acompanhamento médio desses pacientes foi de 69,5 (variação de 32 a 988) meses, com uma pontuação média funcional MSTS de 82,5% (variação de 75-90). Nível de Evidência IV; Série de Casos Retrospectivos.

Empirical relationship between chromosomal damage and airborne particulate matter: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in exposed populations.

Ambient particulate matter (PM) has gained significant attention as an environmental risk factor for human health. Although the association between ambient PM and micronucleus (MN) induction has been investigated, the quantitative association of PM and genomic instability is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to study the association between PM exposure and MN endpoint. Four databases were systematically searched for studies published up to November 2022, to find papers investigating the relationship between ambient PM and MN induction. Random effect models were conducted to estimate the overall effect based on the Ratio of Means (RoM) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Subgroup analysis, funnel plot, and Egger and Begg tests, were also performed. Twenty-three studies across nine countries, including 4450 participants, were included. A meta-RoM of 2.13 for MN (95% CI 1.63-2.79) was observed for individuals exposed to ambient PM compared to non-exposed. A significant difference in the subgroup test was found for buccal cells (3.16, 95% CI 2.20-4.52) and low economy level (3.61, 95% CI 1.44-9.01). Our meta-analysis suggests the presence of an association between PM exposure and the frequency of MN and identified the kind of cells and economic status as possible effect modifiers. The use of effective methods, such as the MN assay, enables identification of early genetic damage in humans, which in turn may anticipate the risk of developing respiratory diseases, including lung cancer.

Ankle arthrodesis with intramedullary retrograde nail for bone tumors. preliminary results and surgical technique / Artrodese do tornozelo com cavilha intramedular retrógrada para tumores ósseos. resultados preliminares e técnica cirúrgica

ABSTRACT Objective Present the preliminary results of a case series using the surgical ankle arthrodesis technique with an intramedullary retrograde nail for bone tumors. Methods We present the preliminary data of 4 patients, 3 males and 1 female, with a mean age of 46,2 (range 32 to 58) years, with histology proven Giant Cell Tumour of bone in 3 and osteosarcoma in 1. The mean resection length of distal tibia was 11,75 (range 9 to 16) cm, and all the patients underwent reconstruction with a tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with an intercalary allograft fixed by a retrograde intramedullary nail. Results Oncological follow-up evolved without evidence of local recurrence or disease progression in all patients. After a mean time of 69.5 (range 32 to 98 months), patients had a mean MSTS12 functional score of 82.5% (range 75 to 90). All tibial arthrodesis and diaphyseal osteotomy sites were fused within 6 months with a return to activities without complications related to coverage skin or infection. Conclusion No complications were recorded; all arthrodesis and diaphysial tibial osteotomy sites fused by 6 months, and the mean follow-up of those patients was 69,5 (range 32 to 988) months, with a mean functional MSTS score of 82,5% (range 75-90). Level of Evidence: IV; Retrospective Case Series.

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar os resultados preliminares de uma série de casos utilizando a técnica cirúrgica de artrodese do tornozelo com haste intramedular retrógada para tumores ósseos. Métodos Apresentamos os dados preliminares de quatro pacientes, três homens e uma mulher, com idade média de 46,2 (variação de 32 a 58) anos, com histologia comprovada de tumor de células gigantes em três e osteossarcoma em um. O comprimento médio de ressecção da tíbia distal foi de 11,75 (variação de 9 a 16) cm, e todos os pacientes foram submetidos à reconstrução com uma artrodese tibiotalocalcaneana com um aloenxerto intercalar fixado por uma haste intramedular retrógrada. Resultados O acompanhamento oncológico evoluiu sem evidências de recidiva local ou progressão da doença, em todos os pacientes. Após um tempo médio de 69,5 (variação de 32 a 98 meses), os pacientes tiveram uma pontuação média funcional MSTS12 de 82,5% (variação de 75 a 90). Todos os locais de artrodese e osteotomia diafisária tibiais foram fundidos em 6 meses com retorno às atividades de vida diária sem complicações relacionadas à cobertura ou infecção. Conclusão Não foram registradas complicações; todos os locais de artrodese e osteotomia diafisária da tíbia fundiram-se em 6 meses, e o acompanhamento médio desses pacientes foi de 69,5 (variação de 32 a 988) meses, com uma pontuação média funcional MSTS de 82,5% (variação de 75-90). Nível de Evidência IV; Série de Casos Retrospectivos.

Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on painful sensitivity and postural stability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: study protocol for a controlled randomised clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is one of the main public health concerns. Chronic low back pain (cLBP) reduces functional capacity and affects postural stability. Although health professionals widely use spinal manipulation, its immediate effect on painful sensitivity and postural stability is lacking. This study aims to verify the immediate effects of lumbar spinal manipulation on the pressure pain threshold and postural stability in individuals with cLBP. METHODS: A two-arm, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel groups and examiner-blinded will be conducted with 80 participants with cLBP from an outpatient physical therapy department, randomly allocated at a 1:1 distribution. The experimental group will receive a lumbar spinal manipulation technique, and the placebo group will receive a simulated lumbar spinal manipulation. Both groups will receive one session of treatment and will be evaluated before and immediately after the intervention. The primary outcomes will be the pressure pain threshold and postural stability. Pain intensity and patient's expectation will be assessed as a secondary outcome. The pressure pain threshold will be assessed using a pressure algometer in 6 different anatomical regions. The evaluation of postural stability will be performed in a baropodometry exam by displacing the centre of pressure. The pain intensity will be measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. A Likert scale will be used for the patient's expectation about the treatment. A two-way analysis of variance will compare the effect of the interventions between groups. DISCUSSION: This study will provide insights regarding the immediate effects of spinal manipulation in patients with cLBP against a simulated spinal manipulation using objective outcomes and considering patients' expectations regarding the treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-3ksq2c . Registered on 13 July 2020.

Educational program for the promotion of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices for children in relation to traffic accidents: experimental study / Programa educativo para promoção de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas preventivas de crianças em relação aos acidentes de trânsito: estudo experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. Methods: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. Results: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). Conclusions: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito entre crianças escolares antes e depois da aplicação de um programa educativo. Métodos: Estudo experimental, com abordagens descritiva e analítica, realizado em duas escolas públicas do nordeste brasileiro. A amostra foi composta de 173 crianças do 3º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental e aleatorizada em Grupo Experimental (GE), com 90 participantes, e Grupo Controle (GC), com 83 participantes. O programa educativo foi realizado no GE com a utilização do método eduterapêutico (Health Magic Box). Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP), aplicado no início da pesquisa, antes de qualquer ação educativa, e após um mês da realização do tratamento experimental. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado para comparação entre os momentos anteriores e posteriores à intervenção no GE e avaliação inicial e final no GC. Resultados: As crianças do GE e GC mostraram-se semelhantes quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas, e não foi observada diferença significativa no nível de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito entre os grupos na avaliação inicial. Entretanto, ainda após um mês da realização do experimento, foi evidenciada melhora significativa no conhecimento do GE (p=0,027). As atitudes e práticas preventivas também foram superiores nas crianças do GE, porém sem diferença significativa em relação ao GC (p=0,060 e p=0,282, respectivamente). Conclusões: A intervenção educativa aumentou o nível de conhecimento e manteve as atitudes e práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito estabilizadas em estudantes de 3º a 5º ano.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PROMOTION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES FOR CHILDREN IN RELATION TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. METHODS: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. RESULTS: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.

Validation of the Nursing Diagnosis "Labile Emotional Control" in Traumatic Brain Injury.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis "labile emotional control" in traumatic brain injury (TBI) outpatients. DESIGN: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study. METHODS: Thirty-one Brazilian nurses who were experts in the area of TBI answered a semistructured questionnaire on the diagnosis "labile emotional control" based on NANDA-International (NANDA-I) Taxonomy II (2015-2017) using a Likert-type scale to rate the 13 defining characteristics. Based on Fehring's model, the weighted average of ≥80 was used to define the main characteristic and the mean of ≥0.50 was considered for total content validation. RESULTS: Out of the 13 defining characteristics of the nursing diagnosis studied, "leaving a social situation" (0.80) and "expression of emotions inconsistent with the triggering factor" (0.81) were classified as principal characteristics, while the 11 others were classified as secondary characteristics. The diagnosis "labile emotional control" obtained a total score of 0.69, which was considered valid according to NANDA-I Taxonomy II. CONCLUSIONS: Because this is a new diagnosis with subjective characteristics, there is a need to train nurses to recognize the defining characteristics for the diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The validation of this diagnosis helps nurses understand and identify the subjective characteristics of the emotional impressions expressed by patients with TBI. These defining characteristics will help improve TBI nurses' clinical practice.

Terapia com antirretrovirais: grau de adesão e a percepção dos indivíduos com HIV/Aids / Terapia con antirretrovirales: grado de adhesión y percepción de individuos con VIH/SIDA / Antiretroviral therapy: compliance level and the perception of HIV/Aids patients

Resumo Objetivo Apreender os aspectos relacionados ao grau de adesão de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids aos antirretrovirais. Métodos Estudo com abordagem qualitativa desenvolvido em duas unidades de internação de um hospital universitário do interior paulista. A produção dos dados ocorreu no período de outubro de 2017 a abril de 2018 com 40 participantes entrevistados, cujo material produzido foi gravado e posteriormente transcrito. A análise e o processamento dos dados foram realizados com apoio na técnica da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente e base fundamentada no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados Após análise e processamento, obtiveram-se cinco classes de palavras: 1. Questões sócio-econômicas como motivos fundamentais da não adesão aos antirretrovirais; 2. O apoio familiar para o enfrentamento da condição e estímulo para a adesão ao tratamento; 3. Consequências do grau de adesão aos antirretrovirais; 4. Dificuldades de adesão à terapia antirretroviral relacionadas aos efeitos adversos e apresentação medicamentosa; e 5. Possíveis mudanças para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento do HIV. Conclusão As principais dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids hospitalizadas e que estão em adesão irregular são questões sócio-econômicas, apoio familiar e efeitos adversos.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender los aspectos relacionados al grado de adhesión de personas afectadas por VIH/SIDA a los antirretrovirales. Métodos Estudio con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado en dos unidades de internación de un hospital universitario del interior paulista. Datos producidos de octubre de 2017 a abril de 2018 con 40 participantes entrevistados, cuyo material fue grabado y posteriormente transcripto. El análisis y procesamiento de datos se realizó con apoyo de la técnica de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente, y la base, fundamentada en el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados Analizados los procesos, se obtuvieron cinco clases de palabras: 1. Cuestiones socioeconómicas como motivos fundamentales de no adhesión a los antirretrovirales; 2. Apoyo familiar para enfrentar la condición y estímulo para adherir al tratamiento; 3. Consecuencias del grado de adhesión a los antirretrovirales; 4. Dificultades de adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral relacionadas a efectos adversos y presentación de los medicamentos; y 5. Posibles cambios para mejorar la adhesión al tratamiento del VIH. Conclusión Las principales dificultades enfrentadas por personas afectadas por VIH/SIDA hospitalizadas y en adhesión irregular las constituyen cuestiones socioeconómicas, apoyo familiar y efectos adversos.

Abstract Objective Understand the aspects related to HIV/AIDS patients' compliance level with antiretroviral drugs. Methods Qualitative study developed at two inpatient units of a university hospital in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were produced between October 2017 and April 2018, interviewing 40 participants. The produced material was recorded and later transcribed. For the data analysis and processing, the Descending Hierarchical Classification technique was used for support, in the framework of the Collective Subject Discourse. Results After the analysis and processing, five word classes resulted: 1. Socioeconomic aspects as fundamental reasons for non-compliance with antiretrovirals; 2. Family support to cope with the condition and stimulate treatment compliance; 3. Consequences of the compliance level with antiretrovirals; 4. Difficulties to comply with antiretroviral therapy related to adverse effects and medicine format; and 5. Possible changes to improve compliance with HIV treatment. Conclusion The main difficulties people living with HIV/AIDS who are hospitalized and with irregular compliance face are socioeconomic aspects, family support and adverse effects.

Prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina isolado em profissionais de enfermagem / Prevalence of oxacillin/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the nursing staff

Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina isolado na saliva e em secreção nasal dos profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em unidades especializadas de um hospital universitário. No total, 600 amostras de saliva e secreções nasais foram obtidas de profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: dos 100 participantes, identificou-se o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus em 43,0% dos profissionais, 7,0% eram resistentes à oxacilina. Desses Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à oxacilina, 100,0% foram carreadores nasais; dois profissionais foram carreadores nasais e na saliva. Todos os profissionais colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina tiveram indicação para realizar o protocolo de descolonização vigente na instituição do estudo, seis aceitaram seguir o protocolo e apenas dois apresentaram culturas negativas para Staphylococcus aureus após a descolonização. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram a colonização do profissional de enfermagem por Staphylococcus aureus, sendo a cavidade nasal apontada como um importante sítio de colonização. (AU)

Adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais por pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Irregular adherence to antiretrovirals by people living with HIV/AIDS

Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa que teve por objetivo avaliar os aspectos referentes à adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais por pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e pela Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de outubro de 2017 a abril de 2018, em duas unidades de internação especializadas em tratamento das pessoas com HIV/aids, de um hospital público do interior paulista sendo organizada em duas etapas: Aplicação do questionário elaborado pelo pesquisador e consulta ao prontuário eletrônico. A partir disso, a entrevista semiestruturada foi gravada e posteriormente transcrita e revisada pelo próprio pesquisador. Os dados quantitativos coletados foram organizados em planilhas do Microsoft® Office Excel 2011 for Windows. Logo após, os dados foram transferidos para o banco de dados definitivo e analisados por meio do software IBM®SPSS, versão 23.0 for Windows. A análise e processamento dos dados qualitativos foram realizados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com base fundamentada no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Identificou-se que a adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais está intimamente ligada a aspectos do contexto social, econômico e cultural em que estão inseridas as PVHA. Apesar do tratamento no Brasil ser gratuito, as questões financeiras mencionadas têm relação com o cotidiano da vida social e exercem influência no uso regular do medicamento. Participaram do estudo 50 indivíduos hospitalizados. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 42 anos e a média do tempo de diagnóstico de HIV foi de 12 anos. Analisando as características clínicas, percebeu-se que 86,4% dos indivíduos tinham mais de cinco anos de diagnóstico e mantinham parceria afetiva sexual (84,6%) em relação aos que não mantinham (81,1%). Outras condições foram relatadas: necessidade de apoio familiar; uso de álcool e outras drogas e dificuldades com a adaptação à apresentação medicamentosa. As principais dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids hospitalizadas e que estão em adesão irregular são os efeitos adversos causados pelo medicamento, os problemas financeiros, o estigma social e familiar e o uso de álcool e drogas. Mais de 80% dos participantes apresentaram diagnóstico de HIV há mais de cinco anos

This is a cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study whose objective was to evaluate the aspects related to irregular adherence to antiretrovirals by people living with HIV / AIDS. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing and the Clinical Research Unit of the Ribeirão Preto "Hospital das Clínicas". The data of collection took place from October 2017 to April 2018, in two hospitalization units specialized in the treatment of people with HIV / AIDS, from a public hospital in the interior of São Paulo. It was organized in two stages: Application of the questionnaire prepared by the researcher and consult the electronic medical record. From this, the semi-structured interview was recorded and later transcribed and revised by the researcher himself. The quantitative data collected was organized into Microsoft® Office Excel 2011 for Windows spreadsheets. Shortly after the data was transferred to the definitive database and analyzed using IBM®SPSS software, version 23.0 for Windows. The analysis and processing of the qualitative data were performed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification based on the Discourse of the Collective Subject. It has been identified that irregular adherence to antiretrovirals is closely linked to aspects of the social, economic and cultural context in which PLWHA are inserted. Although the treatment in Brazil is free, the mentioned financial issues are related to the daily life of social life and influence the regular use of the drug. Fifty hospitalized individuals participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 42 years and the average time of diagnosis of HIV was 12 years. Analyzing the clinical characteristics 86.4% of the individuals had more than five years of diagnosis maintained a sexual affective partnership (84.6%) compared to those who did not maintain (81.1%). Other conditions were reported: need for family support; use of alcohol and other drugs and difficulties with adaptation to drug presentation. The main difficulties faced by people living with HIV / AIDS who are hospitalized and who are in irregular adherence are the adverse effects caused by the drug, financial problems, social and family stigma, alcohol and drug use. More than 80% of participants had been diagnosed with HIV for more than five years

Identificação de Staphylococcus aureus em profissionais de enfermagem que cuidam de pessoas com HIV/AIDS / Identification of Staphylococcus aureus in nursing professionals who provide care to people with HIV/AIDS

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de colonização por Staphylococcus aureus na saliva e secreção nasal de profissionais de enfermagem que cuidam de pessoas com HIV/aids e identificar medidas de associação entre os colonizados e não colonizados com as variáveis demográficas e profissionais. Métodos: Estudo transversal com profissionais de enfermagem de cinco unidades. Amostras de saliva e secreção nasal foram obtidas em três momentos. Resultados: A prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus foi de 43,0%. Armazenamento da escova dental em compartimento fechado foi fator de risco para a colonização. Conhecimento sobre as precauções-padrão e participação em treinamento apresentaram-se como um fator de proteção para a não colonização. Conclusão: A prevalência de Staphylococus aureus na saliva e secreção nasal da equipe de enfermagem foi elevada. A adoção de medidas de prevenção e controle de microrganismos patogênicos são essenciais para a prática da enfermagem e segurança do paciente.

Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de colonización por Staphylococcus aureus en la saliva y secreciones nasales de los profesionales de enfermería que atienden a personas con VIH/SIDA e identificar las medidas de asociación entre colonizados y no colonizados con las variables demográficas y profesionales. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con profesionales de enfermería de cinco unidades. Muestras de saliva y secreción nasal fueron obtenidas en tres momentos. Resultados: La prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus fue del 43,0%. Almacenar el cepillo de dientes en un espacio cerrado/protegido fue un factor de riesgo para la colonización. Conocer las precauciones-estándares y participar en la formación se presentan como factores de protección para la no-colonización. Conclusión: La prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus en la saliva y secreciones nasales del personal de enfermería fue alta. La adopción de medidas de prevención y control de patógenos son esenciales para la práctica de la enfermería y la seguridad del paciente.

Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in saliva and nasal secretion of nursing professionals who provide care to people with HIV/AIDS and identify measures of association between colonized and non-colonized professionals with demographic and professional variables. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with nursing professionals from five health centers. Samples of saliva and nasal secretions were obtained in three stages. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was 43.0%. Storing the toothbrush in a closed/protected compartment was a risk factor for colonization. Knowledge of standard precautions and participation in training were a protective factor for non-colonization. Conclusion: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in saliva and nasal secretions of the nursing staff was high. The adoption of standard precautions measures and control of pathogens are essential for the practice of nursing and patient safety.

Avaliação da capacidade funcional em pacientes com artrite reumatoide: implicações para a recomendação de exercícios físicos / Assessment of functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: implications for recommending exercise

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune que se caracteriza por poliartrite crônica simétrica, de grandes e pequenas articulações, e rigidez matinal que pode levar a comprometimento musculoesquelético, com impotência funcional. O conceito da funcionalidade diz respeito à capacidade de o indivíduo realizar atividades e tarefas da vida diária e cotidiana, de forma eficaz e independente. O objetivo desta revisão é familiarizar o reumatologista com o conceito de avaliação da capacidade funcional e os testes que podem ser aplicados nessa população, pois são passos importantes para uma prescrição adequada de exercícios físicos, A partir de testes funcionais já utilizados em população idosa, o Laboratório de Aptidão Física e Reumatologia - LAR - Brasília, que acompanha os pacientes da Coorte Brasília de Artrite Reumatoide Inicial, descreve neste artigo um protocolo de testes para avaliação da capacidade funcional para aplicação nos pacientes com diagnóstico de AR, incluindo a descrição dos seguintes testes: 1) Sentar e Alcançar; 2) Agilidade/Equilíbrio Dinâmico; 3) Dinamometria Manual; 4) Sentar e Levantar; 5) Rosca Bíceps e 6) Teste da Caminhada de Seis Minutos.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetric polyarthritis of large and small joints and by morning stiffness that may lead to musculoskeletal impairment, with functional impotence. The concept of functionality relates to the ability of an individual to perform effectively and independently daily activities and tasks of everyday life. The aim of this review is to familiarize the rheumatologist with the concept of functional capacity evaluation and with the tests that can be applied in this population, as these are important steps for a proper exercise prescription. From functional tests already used in the elderly population, the Physical Fitness and Rheumatology Laboratory - LAR - Brasilia, which is accompanying patients from Brasilia Cohort of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, describes in this article a protocol of tests to assess functional capacity for application in patients with RA, including the description of tests: 1) Sit and Reach; 2) Agility/Dynamic Balance; 3) Manual Dynamometry; 4) Sit Back and Lift; 5) Biceps Curl and 6) Six-minute Walk Test.

Cemented total hip arthroplasty with retention of some existing hardware.

We report a case of a 63-year-old man who presented an end stage hip osteoarthritis 42 years after a proximal femoral osteotomy performed for the treatment of an intracapsular femoral neck fracture. A cemented total hip arthroplasty was implanted using a standard posterior approach. The osteotomy hardware was totally covered with a new cortical bone formation. A layer of bone tissue was removed, the screw heads were broken and the nail plate was also removed. The screw threaded portions were retained because they did not interfere with cemented femoral stem implantation. Fourteen years after total hip arthroplasty, the patient reported no pain and expressed high satisfaction with the surgery. The hip radiograph showed wear of the polyethylene cup and no periprosthetic osteolysis. Retention of hardware can be considered, especially in patients who have had hardware for several years, without any negative symptoms.

[Assessment of functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: implications for recommending exercise]. / Avaliação da capacidade funcional em pacientes com artrite reumatoide: implicações para a recomendação de exercícios físicos.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic symmetric polyarthritis of large and small joints and by morning stiffness that may lead to musculoskeletal impairment, with functional impotence. The concept of functionality relates to the ability of an individual to perform effectively and independently daily activities and tasks of everyday life. The aim of this review is to familiarize the rheumatologist with the concept of functional capacity evaluation and with the tests that can be applied in this population, as these are important steps for a proper exercise prescription. From functional tests already used in the elderly population, the Physical Fitness and Rheumatology Laboratory - LAR - Brasilia, which is accompanying patients from Brasilia Cohort of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis, describes in this article a protocol of tests to assess functional capacity for application in patients with RA, including the description of tests: 1) Sit and Reach; 2) Agility/Dynamic Balance; 3) Manual Dynamometry; 4) Sit Back and Lift; 5) Biceps Curl and 6) Six-minute Walk Test.

Cervical thymoma

Context: Cervical thymoma is a primitive thymic neoplasia. It is very rare. This disease presents higher incidence in female patients in their 4th 6th decade of life. We present a case report of a cervical thymoma. Case Report: 54-year-old female patient, caucasion, with no history of morbidity, presenting a left cervical nodule close to the thyroid gland. During the 30 months of investigation a left cervical nodule grew progressively next to the thyroid while the patient showed no symptoms, making accurate diagnosis difficult. Tests on her thyroid function did not show changes, nor were there changes in any subsidiary tests. The diagnosis of the disease was made intra-operatively through total thyroid individualization. The results were confirmed by the histological findings from the ressected material. Cervical thymoma is a very rare disease, with difficult preoperatory diagnosis. Some additional study methods which are employed today are thallium 201, technetium 99 and iodine 131 scintigraphy, magnetic nuclear resonance and especially histopathological findings and classification.

Implante espontâneo de tecido esplênico após rotura traumática do baço: relato de um caso de esplenose / Spontaneous implantation of splenic tissue after traumatic rupture of the spleen: report of a case of splenosis

É relatado um caso de esplenose peritoneal, descoberto durante uma operaçäo por úlcera duodenal, em paciente operado 12 anos antes por rotura traumática de baço. É apresentada a conceituaçäo da esplenose e de sua localizaçäo. Aspectos de proteçäo imunológica do baço, assim como as bases anatômicas atuais da preservaçäo esplênica, säo abordados. É ressaltada, também, a importância de identificaçäo do tecido esplênico pela cintilografia nos programas de profilaxia da infecçäo

Pólipo fibrovascular de ureter com procedência uretral intermitente / Fibrovascular ureter polyp with urethral intermittent origin

Relata-se um caso de pólipo fibrovascular do ureter esquerdo em paciente portadora de duplicidade renoureteral completa à esquerda, cujas manifestaçöes clínicas se caracterizam por apresentar surtos de infecçäo e pela presença de tumor, o qual, emergindo de um dos meatos ureterais esquerdos, provoca sangramento e obstruçäo uretral intermitente. A propósito dessa rara patologia, discutem-se tópicos do diagnóstico e tratamento dos tumores ureterais, assinalando as peculiaridades que envolvem este caso inédito, bem como a conduta cirúrgica adotada. Esta consistiu na abordagem direta do ureter comprometido e a ressecçäo por fulguraçäo da base do pólipo. O seguimento é de 24 meses, sem recidiva tumoral