Obesity is associated with acute kidney injury in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A national representative cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and potentially life-threatening complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the relationship between obesity and the risk of AKI in this specific patient population has not been previously examined. METHODS: We queried the National Inpatient Sample (2016-2019) using ICD-10 codes to obtain a sample of adults with STEMI undergoing PCI. All patients were further subcategorized into obese and nonobese cohorts. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the impact of obesity on AKI. The consistency of this correlation between subgroups was investigated using subgroup analysis and interaction testing. RESULTS: A total of 62,599 (weighted national estimate of 529,016) patients were identified, of which 9.80% (n = 6137) had AKI. Obesity comprised 19.78% (n = 1214) of the AKI cohort. Obese patients were on average younger, male, white, and had more comorbidities. Additionally, there was a significant positive association between obesity and AKI incidence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.34), which was more pronounced in female patients (aOR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.33-1.82, p < 0.001, p-interaction = 0.008). The AKI incidence in these patients increased steadily during the 4-year study period, and it was consistently higher in obese patients than in nonobese patients (p-trend < 0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was independently associated with a greater risk of AKI among adults with STEMI undergoing PCI, particularly in female patients.

An efficient enzyme-powered micromotor device fabricated by cyclic alternate hybridization assembly for DNA detection.

An efficient enzyme-powered micromotor device was fabricated by assembling multiple layers of catalase on the inner surface of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)/Au microtube (PEDOT-PSS/Au). The catalase assembly was achieved by programmed DNA hybridization, which was performed by immobilizing a designed sandwich DNA structure as the sensing unit on the PEDOT-PSS/Au, and then alternately hybridizing with two assisting DNA to bind the enzyme for efficient motor motion. The micromotor device showed unique features of good reproducibility, stability and motion performance. Under optimal conditions, it showed a speed of 420 µm s-1 in 2% H2O2 and even 51 µm s-1 in 0.25% H2O2. In the presence of target DNA, the sensing unit hybridized with target DNA to release the multi-layer DNA as well as the multi-catalase, resulting in a decrease of the motion speed. By using the speed as a signal, the micromotor device could detect DNA from 10 nM to 1 µM. The proposed micromotor device along with the cyclic alternate DNA hybridization assembly technique provided a new path to fabricate efficient and versatile micromotors, which would be an exceptional tool for rapid and simple detection of biomolecules.

Motor-based microprobe powered by bio-assembled catalase for motion detection of DNA.

A motor-based microprobe is proposed using a tubular microengine powered by bio-assembled enzyme as catalyst and exploited for washing-free detection of DNA through motion readout. The microprobe is fabricated by assembling a catalase layer on the inner surface of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Au (PEDOT/Au) microtube through DNA conjugate, which is responsible for the biocatalytic bubble propulsion. The sensing concept of the microprobe relies on the target-induced release of catalase through the DNA strand-replacement hybridization, which decreases the amount of enzyme assembled on microtube to slow down the movement of the microprobe. Therefore, the motion speed is negatively correlated with the target concentration. At the optimal conditions, the microprobe can conveniently distinguish the concentration of specific DNA in a range of 0.5-10µM without any washing and separation step. This microprobe can be prepared in batch with good reproducibility and stability, and its motion speed can be conveniently visualized by optical microscope. The proposed motor-based microprobe and its dynamic sensing method provide a novel platform for the development of intelligent microprobe and clinical diagnostic strategy.