RESUMO
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an important nutrient component in rapeseed oil, and rapeseed breeders want to either restrain or enhance the function of fatty acid desaturases (FADs) in the ALA biosynthesis pathway. To determine the reason for the upregulation of rapeseed BnFAD genes in two high-ALA accessions, R8Q10 and YH25005, we compared their transcriptome profiles in the seed at 24 days after pollination (DAP) with those of two low-ALA lines, A28 and SW. The expression levels of twenty-eight important genes in the seed samples at 20, 27, and 34 DAP were also investigated using an RT-qPCR. The expression levels of genes involved in flavonoid and proanthocyanidin synthesis, including BnCHS, BnCHI, BnDFR, BnFLS1, BnLDOX, BnBAN, BnTT10, and BnTT12 and genes encoding the transcription factors BnTT1, BnTT2, BnTT8, and BnTT16 were lower in R8Q10 and YH25005 than in A28 and SW. The expression levels of genes encoding master transcription factors in embryo development, such as BnLEC1, BnABI3, BnFUS3, BnL1L, BnAREB3, and BnbZIP67, were elevated significantly in the two high-ALA accessions. Combined with previous results in the Arabidopsis and rapeseed literature, we speculated that the yellow-seededness genes could elevate the activity of BnLEC1, BnABI3, BnFUS3, and BnbZIP67, etc., by reducing the expression levels of several transparent testa homologs, resulting in BnFAD3 and BnFAD7 upregulation and the acceleration of ALA synthesis. Yellow-seededness is a favorable factor to promote ALA synthesis in the two high-ALA accessions with the yellow-seeded trait. These findings provide initial insights into the transcriptomic differences between high-/low-ALA germplasms and a theoretic basis for seed quality breeding.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the current prevalence and distribution of all types of mental disorders in Zhejiang Province and use this data to develop a provincial mental health plan. METHODS: Stratified multi-stage cluster randomization was used to identify 14 counties (cities), 70 townships (urban districts), 140 villages (urban neighborhoods) and 15,000 subjects > or = 15 years of age. Psychiatric nurses used an expanded version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) to identify subgroups of subjects at high, moderate and low risk of having a mental disorder, then psychiatrists determined their diagnoses by administering a structured psychiatric examination (SCID) that employs American diagnostic criteria for mental disorders (DSM-IV) to 100% of high-risk, 40% of moderate-risk and 10% of low-risk subjects. RESULTS: 14 639 subjects completed the screening and 4,788 completed the psychiatric examination. The adjusted overall current rate of mental disorders was 17.3% (95% CI = 16.0%-18.7%), which dropped to 13.4% (12.2%-14.7%) if the non-specific (NOS) disorders were excluded. The most common diagnostic groups were affective disorders (8.6%, 7.9%-9.5%), anxiety disorders (4.3%, 3.6%-5.1%), and substance use disorders (3.0%, 2.4%-3.8%). The most common specific disorders were major depressive disorder (4.3%, 3.7%-4.9%), alcohol use disorder (2.9%, 2.3%-3.7%), dysthymia (1.6%, 1.3%-1.9%) and specific phobias (1.2%, 0.8%-1.8%). The overall prevalence was higher in rural than in urban areas (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.11-1.37) and slightly higher in women than in men (RR = 1.11, 1.00-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: Mental disorders seriously affect the social and economic development of Zhejiang Province; they are a major public health problem that urgently needs to be addressed. To do this, it is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive province-wide mental health plan and regularly evaluate its effectiveness.
