RESUMO
BACKGROUND: We aimed to establish values and parameters using multislice reconstruction in axial computerized tomography (CT) in order to quantify the erosion of the glenoid cavity in cases of shoulder instability. METHODS: We studied two groups using CT. Group I had normal subjects and Group II had patients with shoulder instability. We measured values of the vertical segment, the superior horizontal, medial and inferior segments, and also calculated the ratio of the horizontal superior and inferior segments of the glenoid cavity in both normal subjects and those with shoulder instability. These variables were recorded during arthroscopy for cases with shoulder instability. RESULTS: The mean values were 40.87 mm, 17.86 mm, 26.50 mm, 22.86 mm and 0.79 for vertical segment, the superior horizontal, medial and inferior segments, and the ratio between horizontal superior and inferior segments of the glenoid cavity respectively, in normal subjects. For subjects with unstable shoulders the mean values were 37.33 mm, 20.83 mm, 23.07 mm and 0.91 respectively. Arthroscopic measurements yielded an inferior segment value of 24.48 mm with a loss of 2.39 mm (17.57%). The ratio between the superior and inferior segments of the glenoid cavity was 0.79. This value can be used as a normative value for evaluating degree of erosion of the anterior border of the glenoid cavity. However, values found using CT should not be used on a comparative basis with values found during arthroscopy. CONCLUSIONS: Computerized tomographic measurements of the glenoid cavity yielded reliable values consistent with those in the literature.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The analysis of hemodialysis services is relevant for the quality of life of patient. In this study we investigated the profile of vascular access used for hemodialysis patients in our Unit. METHODS: We evaluated 219 patients of both genders aged over 18 years old who have undergone implant or manufacture of vascular hemodialysis access. We excluded patients on renal replacement therapy by peritoneal dialysis. RESULTS: Associated diseases were hypertension and diabetes mellitus. 161 had arteriovenous fistula, with 153 held by the same dialysis and nine of them were still maturing. 27 patients on dialysis used central venous catheter. 148 were indigenous and five were made using polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis (PTFE). Among the 27 patients with central venous catheters, ten used short-term catheter and 17 used long-term catheter. The most frequent type of fistula use was on the radio distal cephalic, in 85 patients (52.5%), followed by radio cephalic proximal in 26 patients (16%). The number of fistulas in dialysis patients conducted by this kind of therapy ranged from one to ten and in 64 patients (41.83%) fistula was the first and only to be made. Among the fistula for dialysis patients, the highest prevalence was radio cephalic fistula in 111 patients (72.5%) and mean duration of use was 48.1 months, ranging from two months to 17 years. CONCLUSION: Our Unit of hemodialysis is above the limits established by international norms.
RESUMO
Os autores realizaram estudo experimental em 15 coelhos machos, adultos, com o intuito de observar as alteraçöes da superfície articular, após a perfuraçäo de dois orifícios nos côndilos femorais com 2mm de diâmetro e 6mm de profundidade. O côndito femoral medial foi preenchido com hidroxiapatita coralina e comparado com o côndito lateral para fins de controle. Os estudos anatomopatológicos foram realizados após três, seis e 12 semanas de pós-operatório. Verificou-se que em seis semanas houve aparecimento de cartilagem madura na superfície do orifício preenchido com hidroxiapatita coralina. Observou-se também o preenchimento quase total dos canais da hidroxiapatita com osso esponjoso após 12 semanas.
