Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/classificação , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/genética , Encefalite Japonesa/epidemiologia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/virologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/diagnóstico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite Japonesa/diagnóstico , Encefalite Japonesa/virologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genéticaRESUMO
During investigations into the outbreak of encephalitis in 1996 in the Kerala state in India, an arbovirus was isolated from a Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquito pool. It was characterized as a Japanese encephalitis and West Nile virus cross-reactive arbovirus by complement fixation test. A plaque reduction-neutralization test was performed using hyperimmune sera raised against the plaque-purified arbovirus isolate. The sera did not show reactivity with Japanese encephalitis virus and were weakly reactive with West Nile virus. Complete open reading frame sequence analysis characterized the arbovirus as Bagaza virus (BAGV), with 94.80 % nucleotide identity with African BAGV strain DakAr B209. Sera collected from the encephalitic patients during the acute phase of illness showed 15 % (8/53) positivity for anti-BAGV neutralizing antibodies. This is the first report of the isolation of BAGV from India. The presence of anti-BAGV neutralizing antibodies suggests that the human population has been exposed to BAGV.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Culex/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Encefalite Viral/epidemiologia , Infecções por Flavivirus/epidemiologia , Flavivirus/classificação , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , Vírus da Encefalite Japonesa (Espécie)/imunologia , Encefalite Viral/imunologia , Encefalite Viral/virologia , Flavivirus/genética , Flavivirus/imunologia , Flavivirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Flavivirus/imunologia , Infecções por Flavivirus/virologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologiaRESUMO
An outbreak of viral encephalitis occurred in northern India in 2006. Attempts to identify an etiologic agent in cerebrospinal fluid by using reverse transcription-PCR showed positivity to enterovirus (EV) in 66 (21.6%) of 306 patients. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of PCR products from 59 (89.3%) of 66 specimens showed similarity with EV-89 and EV-76 sequences.
Assuntos
Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/virologia , Surtos de Doenças , Encefalite Viral , Enterovirus , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cricetinae , Encefalite Viral/diagnóstico , Encefalite Viral/epidemiologia , Encefalite Viral/virologia , Enterovirus/classificação , Enterovirus/genética , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterovirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Enterovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enterovirus/virologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Filogenia , RNA Viral/análise , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Experiments were carried out to demonstrate the susceptibity and transmission potential of Phlebotomus argentipes (Annandale & Brunetti) for Chandipura virus (CHPV). In India, P. argentipes is one of the predominant species found in many areas endemic for CHPV. Although its laboratory colonization is difficult, we have demonstrated that 65% of P. argentipes were susceptible to CHPV infection by the oral route. Transmission experiments were carried out by intrathoracic inoculation because of re-feeding problems with this species. After incubation for 24 hours, efficient transmission of CHPV to mice was observed. The estimated minimum transmission rate among the inoculated flies was 32%. CHPV in sand flies as well as in mice was detected and confirmed by immunofluorescent antibody assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The susceptibility of P. argentipes to CHPV and its potential to transmit the virus by bite has importance in epidemiology of CHPV.