The effect of bariatric surgery on metabolic syndrome: A retrospective cohort study in Colombia.

Introduction and Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a group of metabolic abnormalities. It is currently a pandemic, and its prevalence is on the rise. MetS has a direct relationship with obesity, for this reason, bariatric and metabolic surgery has been proposed as a method to simultaneously control obesity and MetS. However, in Colombia the results of this intervention are unknown. This study aims to compare metabolic syndrome before and after bariatric surgery in a Colombian population. Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted in a highly complex institution in Colombia, where comparing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients who underwent bariatric surgery during a 1-year follow-up period, between January 2015 and December 2019. Of these patients, 48 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and 32 underwent sleeve gastrectomy by laparoscopic technique. Results: A total of 80 patients were included, of which 67.5% were women and the mean age was 42.8 ± 12.9 years. The most frequent preprocedure comorbidities were arterial hypertension (36.2%), dyslipidemia (32.4%), and sleep apnea (20%). After bariatric surgery, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome decreased from 66.2% to 3.7% (p < 0.05). In addition, a reduction in the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance score from 77.5% to 22.5% was observed during the follow-up period. HbA1c, creatinine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, were the only parameters without significant changes. Conclusions: Metabolic and bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for weight reduction, with a high impact in reducing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in the short and medium term in the Colombian population.

Impact of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mutation R81T on the response of European Myzus persicae populations to imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor in laboratory and in the field.

Sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™ active) is a sulfoximine insecticide that is active on a broad range of sap-feeding insects, including species that exhibit reduced susceptibility to currently available insecticides. Colonies of Myzus persicae (green peach aphid) were established from aphids collected in the field from peach (Prunus persica) and nectarine (Prunus persica var. nucipersica) orchards in France, Italy and Spain. The presence of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) point mutation R81T was determined for all the colonies. Eight of the 35 colonies collected were susceptible relative to R81T (i.e., R81T absent), three of the colonies were found to be homozygous for R81T while 24 colonies had R81T present in some proportion (heterozygous). Sulfoxaflor and imidacloprid were tested in the laboratory against these M. persicae field colonies, which exhibited a wide range of susceptibilities (sulfoxaflor RR = 0.6 to 61, imidacloprid RR = 0.7 to 986) (resistance ratios, RR) to both insecticides. Although sulfoxaflor was consistently more active than imidacloprid against these field collected M. persicae, there was a statistically significant correlation across all colonies between the RRs for imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor (Pearson's r = 0.939, p < 0.0001). However, when a larger group of the colonies from Spain possessing R81T were analyzed, there was no correlation observed for the RRs between imidacloprid and sulfoxaflor (r = 0.2901, p = 0.3604). Thus, consistent with prior studies, the presence of R81T by itself is not well correlated with altered susceptibility to sulfoxaflor. In field trials, sulfoxaflor (24 and 36 gai/ha) was highly effective (~avg. 88-96% control) against M. persicae, demonstrating similar levels of efficacy as flonicamid (60-70 gai/ha) and spirotetramat (100-180 gai/ha) at 13-15 days after application, in contrast to imidacloprid (110-190 gai/ha) and acetamiprid (50-75 gai/ha) with lower levels of efficacy (~avg. 62-67% control). Consequently, sulfoxaflor is an effective tool for use in insect pest management programs for M. persicae. However, it is recommended that sulfoxaflor be used in the context of an insecticide resistance management program as advocated by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee involving rotation with insecticides possessing other modes of action (i.e., avoiding rotation with other Group 4 insecticides) to minimize the chances for resistance development and to extend its future utility.

Rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria en hipertensión pulmonar: experiencia en un centro de referencia / Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation in pulmonary hypertension: experience in a reference center

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión pulmonar (HP) abarca un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades que genera discapacidad y aumento de la morbimortalidad. La rehabilitación cardiorrespiratoria (RC) es un recurso terapéutico subutilizado en esta condición. Objetivo: Estimar los efectos de un programa de RC en una prueba de caminata de campo y en la calidad de vida de pacientes con diagnóstico de HP de los grupos I y IV. Materiales y Métodos: Los pacientes fueron evaluados antes y después de la intervención mediante la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos (PC6M) y el Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). El programa de RC consistió en 8 semanas de ejercicios supervisados con modalidad institucional. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 pacientes con diagnóstico de HP precapilar por cateterismo cardíaco derecho, 18 mujeres (94,7%) con una media de edad de 45,5 ± 14,3 años. Trece (68,4%) presentaron HP del grupo I, y 6 (31,6%) HP del grupo IV. Se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la PC6M (diferencia de medias -DM- 31 ± 27,3 metros; p <0,001), y en el SGRQ (DM 8,2 ± 10,2; p<0,01). No se reportaron eventos adversos graves durante el programa. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio sugiere que un programa de RC supervisado en pacientes con HP podría mejorar la distancia caminada y la calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) comprises a heterogeneous group of diseases resulting in disability and increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation (CR) is a therapeutic resource not widely used in this condition. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CR program on a walking test and on the quality of life in patients with group 1 and group 4 PH Methods: Patients were evaluated before and after the intervention with the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). The program consisted of 8 weeks of supervised exercises within the institution. Results: Nineteen patients with precapillary PH diagnosed by right heart catheterization were included; 18 were women (94.7%) with a mean age of 45.5±14.3 years. Thirteen (68.4%) patients had group 1 PH and 6 (31.6%) had group 4 PH. There were statistically significant changes in the 6MWT [mean difference (MD) 31±27.3 m; p<0.001], and in the SGRQ (MD 8.2±10.2; p<0.01). No adverse events were reported during the program. Conclusions: Our study suggests that a supervised CR program in patients with PH could improve the distance walked and the quality of life.

Factors affecting nitrification with nitrite accumulation in treated wastewater by oxygen injection.

This work provides information on nitrification with nitrite accumulation in low strength ammonia (below 50 mg L-1 NH4-N) and low organic matter (below 150 mg L-1 COD) reclaimed wastewater. In the South Tenerife reclaimed wastewater pipeline (62 km long), injection of O2 has been applied to promote a nitrification process in order to improve water quality and to avoid anaerobic conditions. Nitrification occurs, in most cases, with nitrite accumulation. The amount of oxidized nitrogen compounds produced increases with the oxygen dose applied. The nitrification process is usually favoured instead of the organic matter transformation, due to the low organic matter/ammonia nitrogen ratio of water. The influence of organic matter content on nitrification has been analysed, and a good suitability for COD has been found as an indicator for nitrification limitation (for the range of COD and NH4-N concentrations of the system). Nitrification limitation has been observed above 85 mg L-1 COD, and nitrification inhibition above a concentration of 105 mg L-1. In addition, the limitation of nitrite oxidation bacteria activity (nitrite accumulation) by free ammonia and temperature has been assessed, finding that, for the range of free ammonia (0.6-2.1 mg L-1 NH3) and temperature (20.4-27.0°C) in the study, temperature plays a much more relevant role than free ammonia on nitrite accumulation. The lower limiting temperature for nitrite build-up in the system has been 21.0°C. Below this temperature, nitrite accumulation did not exist or was very low.

Sulfoxaflor efficacy in the laboratory against imidacloprid-resistant and susceptible populations of the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae: Impact of the R81T mutation in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

A key to effective insect pest management and insecticide resistance management is to provide growers with a range of new tools as potential alternatives to existing compounds or approaches. Sulfoxaflor (Isoclast™ active) is a new sulfoximine insecticide which is active on a broad range of sap-feeding insects, including species that have reduced susceptibility to currently used insecticides, such as imidacloprid from the neonicotinoid class. Sulfoxaflor (SFX) and imidacloprid (IMI) were tested in laboratory bioassays to compare the susceptibility of field populations of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), exhibiting varying degrees of resistance involving an alteration (R81T) to the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. The LC50 values for M. persicae exposed to SFX ranged from 0.09 to 1.31 (mg litre-1), whereas when the same populations were exposed to IMI the LC50 values ranged from 0.6 to 76.2 (mg litre-1). M. persicae were significantly more sensitive to SFX as compared to IMI for nine of the 13 populations tested. For M. persicae populations confirmed to be homozygous susceptible (ss) or heterozygous rs) for the R81T point mutation, there was no significant differences in the observed LC50 values for either SFX or IMI relative to the susceptible reference population (15LP1). However, in all M persicae populations that were homozygous (rr) for the R81T point mutation, susceptibility was significantly less to IMI as compared to the reference population with resistance ratios ranging from 22.1 to 63.5-fold. In contrast, only one homozygous resistant population (15MP9) exhibited a statistically significant change in susceptibility (RR = 10-fold) to SFX as compared to the reference population, which was far less than the 56-fold observed for imidacloprid in that same population. Thus, this study indicates there is no specific correlation between the laboratory efficacy of SFX and IMI in field collected populations in Spain displaying varying degrees of resistance to IMI. Furthermore, the presence of target site resistance in M. persicae to IMI, in the form of the R81T mutation, does not a priori translate to a reduction in sensitivity to sulfoxaflor. Consequently, SFX can be an effective tool for use in insect pest management programs for green peach aphid. These data also serve as a baseline reference for green peach aphid sensitivity to SFX prior to commercial uses in Spain.

B Cell Defects Observed in Nod2 Knockout Mice Are a Consequence of a Dock2 Mutation Frequently Found in Inbred Strains.

Phenotypic differences among substrains of laboratory mice due to spontaneous mutations or pre-existing genetic variation confound the interpretation of targeted mutagenesis experiments and contribute to challenges with reproducibility across institutions. Notably, C57BL/6 Hsd mice and gene-targeted mice that have been backcrossed to this substrain have been reported to harbor a duplication in exons 28 and 29 of Dock2 In this study, we demonstrate the presence of this Dock2 variant in the widely used Nod2-/- mice. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is a cytosolic innate immune receptor associated with inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. Consistent with a role of NOD2 in an immunological disorder, Nod2-/- mice bred at our institution displayed multiple B cell defects including deficiencies in recirculating B cells, marginal zone B cells, and B1a cells in vivo, as well as defects in class switch recombination in vitro. However, we found that these effects are due to the Dock2 variant and are independent of Nod2 deletion. Despite originating from the same gene-targeted founder mice, Nod2-/- mice from another source did not harbor the Dock2 variant or B cell defects. Finally, we show that Dock2-/- mice display the same B cell defects as mice harboring the Dock2 variant, confirming that the variant is a loss-of-function mutation and is sufficient to explain the alterations to the B cell compartment observed in Nod2-/- mice. Our findings highlight the effects of confounding mutations from widely used inbred strains on gene-targeted mice and reveal new functions of DOCK2 in B cells.

Autophagy protein ATG16L1 prevents necroptosis in the intestinal epithelium.

A variant of the autophagy gene ATG16L1 is associated with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and poor survival in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. We demonstrate that ATG16L1 in the intestinal epithelium is essential for preventing loss of Paneth cells and exaggerated cell death in animal models of virally triggered IBD and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Intestinal organoids lacking ATG16L1 reproduced this loss in Paneth cells and displayed TNFα-mediated necroptosis, a form of programmed necrosis. This cytoprotective function of ATG16L1 was associated with the role of autophagy in promoting mitochondrial homeostasis. Finally, therapeutic blockade of necroptosis through TNFα or RIPK1 inhibition ameliorated disease in the virally triggered IBD model. These findings indicate that, in contrast to tumor cells in which autophagy promotes caspase-independent cell death, ATG16L1 maintains the intestinal barrier by inhibiting necroptosis in the epithelium.

Metahemoglobinemia adquirida en el recién nacido asociada con benzocaína y paracetamol / Association of benzocaine and paracetamol with neonatal-acquired methemoglobinemia

ResumenIntroducción:La metahemoglobinemia adquirida inducida por medicamentos es un trastorno raro en el recién nacido que, de no diagnosticarse y tratarse oportuna y adecuadamente, puede ser particularmente grave y determinar daño cerebral permanente o la muerte del paciente.Caso clínico: Se reporta un caso metahemoglobinemia clínica severa que desarrolló un recién nacido después de la aplicación de una cantidad mínima de crema con benzocaína en una herida quirúrgica anal cuando al mismo tiempo recibía paracetamol. Además de considerar la benzocaína como agente causal primario de la metahemoglobinemia, se analiza y sustenta la posibilidad de que el paracetamol haya aumentado la susceptibilidad del paciente a las caínas debido a la inmadurez enzimática de los sistemas involucrados en la depuración de los agentes oxidantes, en particular de caínas y de paracetamol.Conclusiones: Se alerta sobre la posibilidad de metahemoglobinemia en el recién nacido al emplear caínas solas o junto con otros medicamentos oxidantes en esta época del desarrollo humano, cuando es más susceptible a los efectos oxidantes de químicos incluyendo medicamentos. Se revisa el tratamiento y se propone etiquetar debidamente los productos farmacológicos que contienen caínas, prohibiendo su empleo en recién nacidos para evitar la metahemoglobinemia iatrogénica.

AbstractBackground: Drug-induced acquired methemoglobinemia in the newborn is a rare event; however, when it develops, early diagnosis and proper treatment become paramount because it can evolve rapidly into a particularly serious disease causing permanent brain damage or death.Case report: We report a unique case of severe methemoglobinemia that developed in a newborn associated with a minimal application of a benzocaine healing cream to an anal surgical wound while on acetaminophen. In addition to benzocaine as the primary cause in this case, we raise the possibility that acetaminophen-a mild oxidant-increased the susceptibility of the patient to benzocaine, leading to severe clinical methemoglobinemia based on the known immaturity of the enzymatic systems involved in caines and acetaminophen clearance in the newborn. Treatment of methemoglobinemia is reviewed.Conclusions: Methemoglobinemia is a serious condition that can be easily induced by the use of oxidant medications in the newborn like local anesthetics. The possibility of unexpected drug to drug interactions, particularly between commonly used medications such as acetaminophen with other methemoglobin-causing agents, must always be kept in mind. Because of the possible deleterious consequences, mandatory labelling of caine-containing local anesthetic creams, gels and sprays with a warning for the likelihood of causing severe methemoglobinemia in children is recommended. Also, prohibiting their use in the newborn becomes mandatory.

[Association of benzocaine and paracetamol with neonatal-acquired methemoglobinemia]. / Metahemoglobinemia adquirida en el recién nacido asociada con benzocaína y paracetamol.

BACKGROUND: Drug-induced acquired methemoglobinemia in the newborn is a rare event; however, when it develops, early diagnosis and proper treatment become paramount because it can evolve rapidly into a particularly serious disease causing permanent brain damage or death. CASE REPORT: We report a unique case of severe methemoglobinemia that developed in a newborn associated with a minimal application of a benzocaine healing cream to an anal surgical wound while on acetaminophen. In addition to benzocaine as the primary cause in this case, we raise the possibility that acetaminophen-a mild oxidant-increased the susceptibility of the patient to benzocaine, leading to severe clinical methemoglobinemia based on the known immaturity of the enzymatic systems involved in caines and acetaminophen clearance in the newborn. Treatment of methemoglobinemia is reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Methemoglobinemia is a serious condition that can be easily induced by the use of oxidant medications in the newborn like local anesthetics. The possibility of unexpected drug to drug interactions, particularly between commonly used medications such as acetaminophen with other methemoglobin-causing agents, must always be kept in mind. Because of the possible deleterious consequences, mandatory labelling of caine-containing local anesthetic creams, gels and sprays with a warning for the likelihood of causing severe methemoglobinemia in children is recommended. Also, prohibiting their use in the newborn becomes mandatory.

A deficiency in the autophagy gene Atg16L1 enhances resistance to enteric bacterial infection.

Polymorphisms in the essential autophagy gene Atg16L1 have been linked with susceptibility to Crohn's disease, a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the inability to control intestinal bacteria is thought to underlie IBD, the role of Atg16L1 during extracellular intestinal bacterial infections has not been sufficiently examined and compared to the function of other IBD susceptibility genes, such as Nod2, which encodes a cytosolic bacterial sensor. We find that Atg16L1 mutant mice are resistant to intestinal disease induced by the model bacterial pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. An Atg16L1 deficiency alters the intestinal environment to mediate an enhanced immune response that is dependent on monocytic cells, but this hyperimmune phenotype and its protective effects are lost in Atg16L1/Nod2 double-mutant mice. These results reveal an immunosuppressive function of Atg16L1 and suggest that gene variants affecting the autophagy pathway may have been evolutionarily maintained to protect against certain life-threatening infections.

Genetic toxicology and preliminary in vivo studies of nitric oxide donor tocopherol analogs as potential new class of antiatherogenic agents.

Nitric oxide donor tocopherol analogs were found to be incorporated in low-density lipoprotein to release nitric oxide into the hydrophobic core of the lipoprotein, thus inhibiting lipid oxidation processes associated with atheroma plaque formation. Previously, we studied their cytotoxicity against human and murine macrophages as first selection for in vivo studies. Herein, we examined both the in vitro mutagenic and DNA-damage effects of selected compounds to further evaluate drug potential. While the compounds of interest were nongenotoxics in both experimental tests (Ames and alkaline comet), one of the potential blood metabolites exhibited genotoxicity (alkaline comet test), and the furazan derivative was mutagenic (Ames test). Two selected (nitrooxy and furoxan) compounds were studied in long- and short-term in vivo treatment, and in these conditions, animal toxicity was not evidenced, suggesting the possibility of these compounds as potential antiatherogenic drugs.

Response of female Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) to a spinosad bait and polymer matrix mixture with extended residual effect in Hawaii.

The effectiveness of foliar applications of protein baits against pestiferous fruit flies (Tephritidae) can be adversely affected by a rapid loss of attractive volatile compounds and by rainfall due to the high water solubility of the baits. In a large coffee, Coffea arabica L., plantation in Hawaii with high and low populations of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), the relative attractiveness of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait as either a 40% (vol:vol) spray solution (= GF-120 NF) or as a formulated proprietary amorphous polymer matrix (= GF-120 APM) was compared. The GF-120 APM formulations contained either, 25, 50, or 75% of GF-120 NF (wt:wt). All baits were tested in association with visually attractive yellow bait stations as a way of standardizing the evaluations. With both high and low C. capitata populations, significantly more females were attracted to the fresh sprayed GF-120 NF than to any of the three fresh GF-120 APM formulations. The attractiveness of GF-120 sprayed decreased significantly after 1 wk, whereas 1-wk-old GF-120 APM formulations were as attractive as similar fresh formulations. GF-120 APM 75% aged for 3 wk outperformed similarly-aged sprayed GF-120 NF with comparatively high C. capitata populations. With low populations, both GF-120 APM 75% and GF-120 APM 50% aged for 2 wk outperformed the similarly aged sprayed GF-120 NF. Combined findings indicate that APM mixed with either 50 or 75% GF-120 applied to bait stations can be attractive to female C. capitata for up to 3 wk longer than the standard sprayed GF-120 NF.

Residual control and lethal concentrations of GF-120 (spinosad) for Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between residual time of GF-120 (spinosad) treatment and mortality in three species of Anastrepha Schiner. Concentrations of 96, 72, 48, and 24 ppm were aged on mango leaves under field conditions for 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 21 d after application. We found that Anastrepha ludens, A. obliqua, and A. serpentina were highly sensitive to spinosad. The effects of spinosad were not reduced over the 4 d after the initial application, even at a concentration of 24 ppm. Mortality at 14 d after the application of 72 and 96 ppm of spinosad was similar in each of the three fruit fly species. In addition, we found that 24 ppm of spinosad was consumed the most by each species even though no direct relationship between the rate of consumption per female and the dose of the product was observed, in this test, higher consumption of active ingredient was observed at a concentration of 72 ppm, for A. ludens, 48 ppm for A. obliqua, and 96 ppm for A. serpentina. Our results suggest that a spinosad concentration of 72 ppm may effectively control these pests for at least 10 d under field conditions.

Interaction studies between human alpha-tocopherol transfer protein and nitric oxide donor tocopherol analogues with LDL-protective activity.

Nitric oxide-releasing alpha-tocopherol mimetics with LDL-protective activity were designed to maintain the tocopherol substructure necessary for its biochemical recognition by alpha-tocopherol transfer protein. In order to study the molecular interactions to alpha-TTP, theoretical binding studies by means of docking techniques and experimental binding assays, using a fluorescent probe, were performed. Furoxanyl-tocopherol-hybrid analogs 7 and 9 have the best ability to bind to alpha-TTP suggesting that they could be incorporated to LDL in vivo to further release nitric oxide and prevent oxidative modifications.

Inhibition of sulfide generation in a reclaimed wastewater pipe by nitrate dosage and denitrification kinetics.

Sulfide generation should be avoided during wastewater transportation. The efficiency of nitrate dosing for the inhibition of sulfide generation was evaluated during reclaimed wastewater transport with two nitrate doses, 2.5 and 5 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N). A calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2] solution was injected at the beginning of the 61-km-long gravity pipe, which is part of the Reclaimed Wastewater Reuse System of South Tenerife (Spain). During transportation, after dissolved oxygen depletion, a denitrification process took place. With the 5 mg/L NO3-N dose, nitrate was not completely removed at the end of the pipe, whereas with 2.5 mg/L NO3-N, a complete denitrification was achieved. Sulfide generation was completely inhibited with the 5 mg/L dose. However, with 2.5 mg/L, sulfide generation was not completely inhibited but delayed and minimized to a great extent. Denitrification was stoichiometrically limited by the availability in biodegradable matter. An empirical equation enables one to predict the nitrate concentration.

Caracterización sociocultural y epidemiológica de un foco de leishmaniasis cutánea en Cimitarra, Santander / Sociocultural and epidemiological characterization of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Cimitarra, Santander

Se realizó una caracterización epidemiológica y cultural de la leishmaniasis cutánea (LC), así como una búsqueda activa de casos de LC en la vereda Filo de Chontarales, Cimitarra, Santander, con el fin de identificar condiciones socioambientales que contribuyen a la aparición y permanencia de la LC en la zona. La información fue recolectada mediante entrevistas a 131 personas y visitas de campo a la zona. Al mismo tiempo se aplicó una encuesta sociocultural y se realizó la prueba de Montenegro a 203 personas y a los individuos con sospecha clínica se les confirmó el diagnóstico y se administró tratamiento. El indice alérgico para LC de la población a estudio fue del 92/100 sin diferencias significativas entre grupos etáreos y de género. Se encontraron 64 casos de LC, a quienes se les administró tratamiento con Glucantime con buenos resultados. Los estudios entomológicos evidenciaron la presencia Lutzomyia longipalpis. La LC es un problema de salud y es considerada como tal por la comunidad. Esta percepción se expresa en la búsqueda de tratamientos cuando aparece la lesión y en el desarrollo y utilización de numerosos tratamientos populares. La población encuestada reconoce a la enfermedad como "picadura de pito" (100/100). Sin embargo, sólo 3.8/100 reconoce el pito como tal, mientras que la Lutzomyia es reconocida por el 100/100 como "zolamilla" y no se le atribuye ninguna enfermedad. Este hecho puede tener repercusiones determinantes en la prevención de la enfermedad en la zona. En conclusión, esta zona es de alto riesgo para la LC y se hace necesario crear un modelo de prevención que tenga en cuenta la concepción, es decir la representación social de población sobre la LC, especialmente el vector.

Causas más frecuentes de mortalidad dentaria en un grupo de pacientes del Municipio Boyeros / The most frequent causes of dental mortality in a group of patients from Boyeros Municipality

Se realizó un estudio de 1 300 pacientes de 19 años y más, de uno y otro sexos, residentes en el Municipio Boyeros, Provincia Ciudad de La Habana; con el objetivo fundamental de conocer las principales causas de mortalidad dentaria y su relación con la edad y el sexo. La encuesta fue realizada en los servicios de Exodoncia de las tres clínicas del municipio, utilizando el método de entrevista personal y examen clínico. Se obtuvo como resultado que las principales causales de extracción fueron la caries dental (79,1 %), las parodontopatías (12,4 %) y la indicación de prótesis (5.4 %). La caries dental constituye la primera causa de extracción en todos los grupos de edad, pero a partir del grupo de 35 a 44 años las enfermedades del parodonto representan la segunda causa de extracción. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de las causales de extracción entre el sexo masculino y el femenino

Causas más frecuentes de mortalidad dentaria en un grupo de pacientes del Municipio Boyeros / The ost frequent causes of dental mortality in a group of patients from Boyeros Municipality

Se realizó un estudio de 1 300 pacientes de 19 años y más, de uno y otro sexos, residentes en el Municipio Boyeros, Provincia Ciudad de La Habana; con el objetivo fundamental de conocer las principales causas de mortalidad dentaria y su relación con la edad y el sexo. La encuesta fue realizada en los servicios de Exodoncia de las tres clínicas del municipio, utilizando el método de entrevista personal y examen clínico. Se obtuvo como resultado que las principales causales de extracción fueron la caries dental (79,1

), las parodontopatías (12,4

) y la indicación de prótesis (5.4

). La caries dental constituye la primera causa de extracción en todos los grupos de edad, pero a partir del grupo de 35 a 44 años las enfermedades del parodonto representan la segunda causa de extracción. No se encontraron diferencias significativas de las causales de extracción entre el sexo masculino y el femenino