Retrospective analysis of pathological response in colorectal cancer liver metastases following treatment with bevacizumab

AIMS: Pathological response has been shown to be a predictor for survival after preoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases. This retrospective analysis evaluated the effect on pathological response of adding bevacizumab to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and liver metastases. METHODS: Patient records from two Spanish centres were retrospectively examined for this analysis. Patients were included if they had stage IV mCRC with liver metastases, were unresectable or marginally resectable tumour before chemotherapy, and had oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, before resection. Tumour response was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST). Pathological response was assessed by pathologists blinded to treatment. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were included. Good pathological responses (PR0/PR1) were observed in 37 patients (39 %). The RECIST response rate was 51 %. Only 42 % of patients with a good pathological response had a complete or partial response according to RECIST, while 57 % of those with a poor pathological response had a complete or partial response according to RECIST. RECIST response rates were similar with and without bevacizumab, although 49 % of bevacizumab-treated patients had a good pathological response versus 27 % of those receiving chemotherapy alone (χ (2) P = 0.0302). CONCLUSION: Pathological response may be a better indicator of treatment efficacy than RECIST for patients with mCRC receiving bevacizumab in the neoadjuvant setting. Adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy has the potential to increase pathological response rates. Well-designed prospective clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and tolerability of this approach (AU)

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Recommendations of a group of experts for the pathological assessment of tumour regression of liver metastases of colorectal cancer and damage of non-tumour liver tissue after neoadjuvant therapy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has increased during the past decades in Spain, being the first malignant tumour in incidence. Observed mortality for CRC is mainly due to liver and lung metastases. The only curative treatment is surgery; new surgical techniques and neoadjuvant treatments have increased the number of surgery candidate patients. Patients should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach that includes imaging techniques, chemotherapy, surgery and pathological assessment. As an answer to this approach, a group of pathology experts interested on CRC liver metastases aimed to review the diagnosis and prognosis of liver mestastases and developed practical recommendations for its assessment. The expert group revised the current literature and prepared questions to be discussed based on available evidence and on their clinical practise. As a result, recommendations for the assessment of tumour regression of liver metastases are proposed, which could be implemented in oncology centres allowing assessment standardisation for these patients. Prospective multi-center studies to evaluate these recommendations validity will further contribute to improve the standard care of CRC liver metastases patients.

Retrospective analysis of pathological response in colorectal cancer liver metastases following treatment with bevacizumab.

AIMS: Pathological response has been shown to be a predictor for survival after preoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases. This retrospective analysis evaluated the effect on pathological response of adding bevacizumab to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and liver metastases. METHODS: Patient records from two Spanish centres were retrospectively examined for this analysis. Patients were included if they had stage IV mCRC with liver metastases, were unresectable or marginally resectable tumour before chemotherapy, and had oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, before resection. Tumour response was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid tumours (RECIST). Pathological response was assessed by pathologists blinded to treatment. RESULTS: Ninety-five patients were included. Good pathological responses (PR0/PR1) were observed in 37 patients (39 %). The RECIST response rate was 51 %. Only 42 % of patients with a good pathological response had a complete or partial response according to RECIST, while 57 % of those with a poor pathological response had a complete or partial response according to RECIST. RECIST response rates were similar with and without bevacizumab, although 49 % of bevacizumab-treated patients had a good pathological response versus 27 % of those receiving chemotherapy alone (χ (2) P = 0.0302). CONCLUSION: Pathological response may be a better indicator of treatment efficacy than RECIST for patients with mCRC receiving bevacizumab in the neoadjuvant setting. Adding bevacizumab to chemotherapy has the potential to increase pathological response rates. Well-designed prospective clinical studies are required to establish the efficacy and tolerability of this approach.

Estudio del anticuerpo DOG1 en el diagnóstico de tumores del estroma gastrointestinal – GIST / The role of the DOG1 antibody in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumours – GIST

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal (GIST)poseen mutaciones en los genes del receptor de la tirosínquinasa (RTKs) KIT y PDGFRA. La posibilidad debloquear esta actividad ha significado una nueva esperanzaterapéutica. El diagnóstico de GIST recae en laexpresión inmunohistoquímica del c-KIT, pero un 4-15%son c-KIT negativos (aún en presencia de mutación), ysin embargo estos pacientes podrían beneficiarse deltratamiento con inhibidores tirosín quinasa (TKIs).El DOG1 es un nuevo anticuerpo cuya sensibilidady especificidad parece ser superior o igual a la del c-KIT.El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la sensibilidad(Se) y especificidad (Sp) de DOG1 en GIST de tipo usual(c-KIT positivos), de tipo inusual (c-KIT negativos) yfrente a otros tumores fusocelulares mesenquimales, ycomparar la validez diagnóstica del DOG1 frente al c-KIT.Estudiamos 40 GIST, 39 c-KIT positivos y un c-KITnegativo. Se realizó un panel inmunohistoquímico conlos anticuerpos: c-KIT, CD34, actina músculo liso, DOG1y S100, en los GIST como en siete tumores fusocelulares.La Se y Sp de GIST para DOG1 fue del 100 y 97,5%para c-KIT. La inmunoreactividad para DOG1 en todoslos tumores fusocelulares fue negativa. La validez diagnósticade DOG1 y C-KIT fue similar a la hora de detectarGIST y no GIST.DOG1 es un marcador específico y sensible para eldiagnóstico y diagnóstico diferencial de GISTs (es capazde detectar algunos GIST sin mutación en RTK).El DOG1 debería de formar parte del panel inmunohistoquímicopara el diagnóstico de GIST(AU)

Gatrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) harbouroncogenic mutations in tyrosin kynases receptors(RTKs) including KIT and PDGFRA. The inhibition ofthis activity has been regarded as the primary target forthe treatment of these patients. Diagnosis of GIST relieson c-KIT inmunoreactivity; however there is a 4-15% ofGISTs that are C-KIT negative which may lead to underdiagnosisof GISTs and possible withholding of therapy.The novel gene DOG1 has been found overexpressedin GISTs and has potential as a diagnostic markerfor GISTs showing even more sensitivity (Se) and specificity(Sp) than c-KIT for the diagnosis of these tumors.In this study we compared the (Se) and (Sp) of DOG1 intypical and atypical GISTs (c-KIT positive or negative)with c-KIT and other mesenchymal neoplasms in thedifferential diagnosis of GISTsWe examined 40 GIST (39 showed inmunoreactivityfor c-KIT and one was c-KIT negative) and anotherseven fusiform tumors. An inmunohistochemical panelwas performed with c-KIT, CD34, smooth muscle actin,DOG1 and S100 antibodies on both types of neoplasms.The overall Se and Sp of DOG1 and KIT in GISTswere nearly identical: 100 and 97,5%. Negativity forDOG1 was observed in all fusiform mesenchymal neoplasms.DOG1 is highly expressed in GIST and its expressionseems quite specific for these tumours when thedifferential diagnosis includes another mesenchymalneoplasms.DOG1 should be added to the diagnostic panel evaluatingGISTs(AU)

[Digestive haemorrhage in a patient with oropharyngeal cancer. A case study]. / Hemorragia digestiva en paciente con cáncer de orofaringe. A propósito de un caso.

Gastric metastases from solid tumours are very infrequent and in most cases appear simultaneously with other metastases. The most frequent primary tumors are lung and breast. Clinical data and symptoms are non-specific, and can range from abdominal discomfort to massive gastrointestinal bleeding. The diagnoses must be established by gastroscopy and biopsy. We present an unusual case of digestive haemorrhage secondary to gastric metastases from oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Equinococosis alveolar humana. Presentación de un caso / Human alveolar echinococcosis. A case report

Introducción: La equinococosis está causada por diversasespecies de Echinococcus, parásitos céstodos de la familiade las tenias. La especie más frecuentemente observadaes el Echinococcus granulosus, agente causal del quistehidatídico. Otras especies de Echinococcus se observan conpoca frecuencia en nuestro medio. Caso clínico: Presentamosel caso de un varón de 83 años con equinococosis alveolarhumana. Discusión: La equinococosis alveolar humanaes una enfermedad rara, causada por el E. multilocularis. Enpacientes que no reciben tratamiento o que son tratados deforma inadecuada, la mortalidad es muy alta. En Europa, esendémica en Bélgica, Luxemburgo, Holanda, Francia, Alemania,Suiza, Austria, Polonia y la república checa. En lasúltimas dos décadas, como consecuencia del aumento de lapoblación de zorros, se ha observado la propagación de esteparásito a áreas no endémicas. Por ello, el personal médicodebería conocer esta grave enfermedad y saber cómo diagnosticarlay tratarla (AU)

Introduction: Echinococcosis is caused by severalspecies of Echinococcus, cestode parasites in the familyTaeniidaea. The most widely observed specie is E. granulosus,the causative agent of the cystic hydatid disease. Otherspecies of Echinococcus are seldom encountered in ourenvironment. Case report: The case of an 83-year-old malewith human alveolar echinococcosis is presented. Discussion:Human alveolar echinococcosis is a rare zoonotic diseasecaused by E. multilocularis. It has a high mortality ratein untreated or inadequately treated patients. In Europe, it isendemic in Belgium, Luxembourg, Holland, France, Germany,Switzerland, Austria, Poland and the Czech Republic.As a consequence of the increase in fox population, thespread of this parasite has been observed in non-endemicareas over the last two decades. Therefore, medical personnelshould be familiar with this serious disease, and knowhow to diagnose and treat it (AU)

Carcinoma metaplásico de mama variante «productor de matriz». Expresión de CD99 y P63 / Matrix-producing metaplastic carcinoma of the breast: CD99 and P63 expression

Introducción: El carcinoma metaplásico de mama se caracteriza por la transición directa de un carcinoma ductal infiltrante a elementos metaplásicos y/o sarcomatoides. El componente epitelial puede ser escaso o estar ausente y entonces su diferenciación frente a otros tumores de hábito sarcomatoide resulta difícil. La utilización de marcadores inmunohistoquímicos como el p63 y CD99 puede ser eficaz. Estudiamos la expresión de estos marcadores en un caso de carcinoma metaplásico variante productor de matriz (CMPM), haciendo una descripción detallada del componente epitelial y metaplásico. Material y método: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 85 años que presenta una gran masa de 4,7 cm en localización retroareolar. Macroscópicamente, se trata de una masa blanquecina, de aspecto gelatinoso, blando de contorno lobulado, que corresponde a un tumor con múltiples patrones celulares. Muestra varios focos de carcinoma ductal infiltrante, aunque el componente más abundante es de células pequeñas redondeadas con tendencia a la formación de hileras o cordones inmersos en un estroma basófilo y mixoide. Resultados: El estudio inmunohistoquímico muestra que la totalidad del tumor expresa queratina AE1/AE3, p63, CD99, EGFR, EMA, S-100 y progesterona. El componente epitelial expresa además CAM 5.2 y e-caderina. El componente metaplásico resulta positivo para queratina 5/6, queratina 14, queratina de alto peso (34‚E12), actina y vimentina. Los receptores de estrógeno y Her2/neu son negativos. Se trata de un carcinoma metaplásico variante «productor de matriz» (CMPM). Conclusiones: El CMPM resulta positivo para CD99, y es el único subtipo de carcinoma de mama que lo expresa. Por ello se constituye en un marcador útil para su diagnóstico tanto en el tumor primario como en las metástasis. La expresión de p63 en nuestro caso, resulta útil para su diferenciación frente a otros sarcomas o tumores mixtos de mama (fillodes). Este CMPM muestra un fenotipo mioepitelial o basal en el componente metaplásico, y exhibe diferencias de expresión inmunohistoquímica con el componente epitelial. La confirmación de una diferenciación mioepitelial o basal para el CMPM tiene importantes implicaciones clínicas y terapéuticas

Introduction: Metaplastic breast carcinoma is characterized by the direct transition from an invasive duct carcinoma to metaplastic or/and sarcomatoid elements. As the epithelial component can be minimal or even absent, it may be difficult to differentiate it from sarcomatoid tumours. In these cases, immunohistochemical markers such as p63 and CD99 can be useful. We study the expression of these markers in a case of metaplastic carcinoma of matrix producing variant and make a thorough immunohistochemical characterization of the epithelial and metaplastic component.Material and method: The case of an 85-year-old woman with a 4,7-cm retroareolar mass is presented. Grossly, the specimen revealed a soft, whitish, lobulated mass of gelatinous appearance which microscopically exhibited multiple cellular patterns. Several foci of invasive duct carcinoma were observed although the tumour was composed predominantly of fascicles and chords of small round cells dispersed in a basophilic and myxoid stroma. Results: Immunohistochemical study revealed that the entire tumour stained positively with keratin AE1/AE3, p63, CD99, EGFR, EMA S-100 and progesterone. In addition, the epithelial component exhibited keratin CAM 5.2 and e-cadherine. The metaplastic component was positive with keratin 5/6, keratin 14, high molecular weight keratin (34‚E12), actin and vimentin. Oestrogen receptors and Her2/neu were negative. It is a metaplastic carcinoma of matrix producing variant. Discussion: The metaplastic carcinoma of matrix producing variant is positive for CD99 and it is the only subtype which expresses it. Therefore, it can be diagnostically useful, both in primary tumours and metastases. In this case, p63 expression is valuable in the differential diagnosis with other sarcomas and mixed tumours of the breast (fillodes tumour). This matrix-producing carcinoma shows a myoepithelial or basal phenotype in the metaplastic component and exhibits immunohistochemical differences from the epithelial component. The confirmation of a myoepithelial or basal component in the metaplastic carcinoma of matrix producing variant has important clinical and therapeutic implications (AU)

[A study of the progression of the incidental prostate cancer depending on the kind of treatment performed]. / Estudio de la progresión del cáncer de próstata incidental según el tipo de tratamiento aplicado.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer is a common neoplasm, with a significant burden of mortality. Since it's diagnosed at old ages and usually growths slowly, agresive treatment of localised cancer of prostate could be of little benefit. The study of the evolution of incidental prostate cancer diagnosed 20 years ago could give directions for present decision-making. METHODS: We performed a time survival analysis of patients diagnosed of incidental prostate cancer between 1980 and 2000, and followed them until april 2005. We analysed overall and disease-specific mortality, related to the kind of treatment and some anatomopathological characteristics. RESULTS: We included 80 cases. Treatment was hormonotherapy in 34 cases, surgery in 4, radiotherapy in 3 and watchful waiting in 39. Overall average survival was 8.87 years. Disease-specific survival in low risk group (Gleason lower than 6) was 16 years, and in high risk group (Gleason higher than 7) was 6 years. No differences were found between hormonotherapy and watchful waiting. CONCLUSIONS: While in low risk patients watchful waiting represents an acceptable aproaching, it could not be adequate in high risk cases. Hormonotherapy showed no benefit in incidental prostate cancer.

Estudio de la progresión del cáncer de próstata incidental según el tipo de tratamiento aplicado / A study of the progression of the incidental prostate cancer depending on the kind of treatment performed

Introducción y objetivos: El cáncer de próstata es una neoplasia frecuente y con una carga de mortalidad significativa. Dado que se diagnostica a edades avanzadas y que con frecuencia crece lentamente, el tratamiento agresivo del cáncer de próstata localizado podría, en algunos casos, no aportar grandes beneficios. El estudio de la evolución de los cánceres de próstata incidentales diagnosticados hace 20 años podrían servir de utilidad para guiar las decisiones actuales. Métodos: Análisis de supervivencia de los pacientes diagnosticados de cáncer de próstata incidental entre 1980 y 2000, con un seguimiento hasta abril de 2005. Se analizó la supervivencia global y la 'cáncer específica', según el tipo de tratamiento y diversos factores anatomopatológicos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 80 casos. De ellos, 34 fueron tratados con hormonoterapia, 4 con cirugía, 3 con radioterapia y 39 siguieron abstención vigilada. La supervivencia media fue de 8,87 años. En el grupo de bajo riesgo (Gleason menor de 6) la supervivencia cáncer-específica fue de 16 años y en el de alto riesgo (Gleason mayor de 7) de 6 años, sin diferencias por tratamiento. Conclusiones: En el grupo de bajo riesgo la abstención vigilada resulta una alternativa aceptable. Esta alternativa puede no ser válida en los de alto riesgo. La hormonoterapia no parece aportar beneficio alguno en los cánceres de próstata incidentales

Introduction and objectives: Prostate cancer is a common neoplasm, with a significant burden of mortality. Since it’s diagnosed at old ages and usually growths slowly, agresive treatment of localised cancer of prostate could be of little benefit. The study of the evolution of incidental prostate cancer diagnosed 20 years ago could give directions for present decision-making Methods: We performed a time survival analysis of patients diagnosed of incidental prostate cancer between 1980 and 2000, and followed them until april 2005. We analysed overall and disease-specific mortality, related to the kind of treatment and some anatomopathological characteristics. Results: We included 80 cases. Treatment was hormonotherapy in 34 cases, surgery in 4, radiotherapy in 3 and watchful waiting in 39. Overall average survival was 8.87 years. Disease-specific survival in low risk group (Gleason lower than 6) was 16 years, and in high risk group (Gleason higher than 7) was 6 years. No differences were found between hormonotherapy and watchful waiting. Conclusions: While in low risk patients watchful waiting represents an acceptable aproaching, it could not be adequate in high risk cases. Hormonotherapy showed no benefit in incidental prostate cancer

Valor pronóstico de la afectación del margen circunferencial en pacientes con cáncer de recto localmente avanzado / Prognostic value of circumferential resection margin involvement in patients with locally-advanced rectal cancer

Introducción. La afectación del margen circunferencial (MC) en los pacientes intervenidos por neoplasia de recto es un factor de mal pronóstico en cuanto a posibilidad de recidiva local, recidiva a distancia y supervivencia, y esta afectación se ha relacionado con la calidad de la cirugía. Analizamos la tasa de afectación del MC en pacientes con cáncer de recto localmente avanzado, sometidos a tratamiento neoadyuvante, y su relación con la supervivencia libre de enfermedad (SLE) y la supervivencia específica (SE). Material y métodos. Se incluye a 101 pacientes diagnosticados de adenocarcinoma de recto entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2005, e intervenidos tras recibir radioquimioterapia neoadyuvante. El MC se consideró positivo cuando la distancia del tumor al borde quirúrgico fue menor de un milímetro. La afectación del MC se relaciona con la SLE y la SE mediante el test log-rank. Resultados. La media de edad fue de 66,6 años. La tasa de afectación del MC fue del 10,8% (11 casos), en 7 casos por cercanía o contacto del MC con el tumor, en 2 por cercanía de adenopatías, en un caso por infiltración perineural en el MC y en otro por crecimiento discontinuo del tumor. Con un seguimiento medio de 25,4 meses, se diagnosticó recidiva de la enfermedad en 13 pacientes: en 3 (2,97%) como recidiva local y en 10 (9,9%) como metástasis a distancia. Once (10,8%) pacientes fallecieron por evolución de la enfermedad. La afectación del MC se relacionó significativamente con la SLE (p = 0,0167) y con la SE (p = 0,0176). Conclusión. En pacientes intervenidos por cáncer de recto después de tratamiento neoadyuvante con radioquimioterapia, la afectación del MC es un factor pronóstico negativo para SLE y SE (AU)

Introduction. Circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement in patients undergoing surgery for rectal tumors is a factor predicting poor prognosis in terms of the possibility of local recurrence, distant recurrence, and survival. CRM involvement has been related to the quality of the surgery. We analyzed the rate of CRM involvement in patients with locally-advanced rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy and its relation with disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Material and methods. A total of 101 patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma between January 2001 and December 2001 who underwent surgery after receiving neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy were included. The CRM was considered positive when the distance between the tumor and the surgical border was less than 1 mm. The relation between CRM involvement and DFS and DSS was evaluated using the log-rank test. Results. The mean age was 66.6 years. The rate of CRM involvement was 10.8% (11 patients); CRM involvement was due to proximity or contact of the CRM with the tumor in 7 patients, proximity of enlarged nodes in 2 patients, perineural invasion in the CRM in 1 patient and discontinuous tumoral growth in 1 patient. With a mean follow-up of 25.4 months, disease recurrence was diagnosed in 13 patients: local recurrence occurred in 3 (2.97%) patients and distant metastases in 10 (9.9%). Eleven (10.8%) patients died from disease progression. CRM involvement was significantly related to DFS (p = 0.0167) and DSS (p = 0.0176). Conclusion. In patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy, CRM involvement is a negative prognostic factor for DFS and DSS (AU)

Cutaneous nodes in a patient with advanced papillary carcinoma of the thyroid

Cutaneous metastasis from thyroid carcinoma is infrequent. Leukemia as a second malignancy after treatment of thyroid cancer is also rare. We present a patient with a relapsed thyroid carcinoma treated with thyroid ablation with I 131 and loco-regional radiotherapy, who consulted by global worsening, weight lost, and multiple cutaneous nodes. Our patient is unusual in that she showed multisystem involvement at the time of hospital admission, and the specific skin lesions were the first sign of her acute monocytic leukemia (AU)

[Metanephric stromal tumor: report of two cases and bibliographic review]. / Tumor del estroma metanéfrico: presentación de dos casos en adultos y revisión de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: Metanephric Stromal Tumors (MST) are pediatric renal neoplasms not very common in adults. This study revises its classification, incidence and evolution and also some specific characteristics of the cases diagnosed in adults. METHODS: We present two cases of MST diagnosed in adults of 72 and 77 years old respectively. Abdominal pain due to a more than 4 Kg. mass was the initial presentation in both cases. The tumors were completely resected. Four and ten years after excision patients are alive without disease. RESULTS: Characteristic histologic features include a proliferation of fusocellular cells with alternating cellularity that imparts a nodular appearance and onion-skin cuffing around entrapped renal tubules or vascular structures. No mitoses or atypia was found but extensive necrosis and fibrosis were present. A majority of stromal cells were vimentine and CD-34 positive. Stains for CK and EMA highlighted entrapped native tubules. Both cases were previously classified as mesoblastic nephromas. According to the 2002 ONS classification of tumours of the urinary system, they have been revised and re-classified as MST CONCLUSION: MST are pediatric benign tumors exceptionally diagnosed in adults. Metanephric stromal tumors are divided into 3 categories based on the presence of epithelial cells, stroma and epithelial cells plus stromal. Complete excision is the treatment of choice and the prognosis is excellent.

Tumor del estroma metanéfrico: presentación de dos casos en adultos y revisión de la literatura / Metanephric stromal tumor: report of two cases and bibliographic review

OBJETIVO: Los tumores del estroma metanéfricoson neoplasias renales infantiles raramente diagnosticadasen adultos. Este trabajo revisa la clasificación, incidencia y evolución de este grupo de neoplasias así como las particularidades de los casos diagnosticados en adultos.MÉTODO: Describimos dos casos de tumores del estroma metanéfrico en adultos, de 72 y 77 años respectivamente. Ambos se presentaron como grandes masas abdominales de más de 4 Kg. cada una, que fueron resecadas completamente.Sin recibir ningún otro tratamiento adyuvante, 4 y 10 años después de la intervención los pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos.RESULTADOS: Histológicamente se trata de lesiones capsuladas,de células fusiformes de patrón vagamente nodular,que incluye áreas hipercelulares y otras hipocelulares alrededor de estructuras vasculares o epiteliales. No existePalabras clave: Tumor del estroma metanéfrico. Nefromamesoblástico. Adenofibroma. Tumor renal.atípia citológica ni mitosis pero sí extensa necrosis y fibrosis.Las células del estroma son positivas para vimentina y CD-34, y las epiteliales para antígeno de membrana epitelial(EMA) y citoqueratinas. Inicialmente fueron diagnosticadoscomo nefromas mesoblásticos del adulto. Actualmente han sido revisados conforme a la nueva clasificación de la OMS (2002) y corresponden al grupo de los tumores metanéfricos.CONCLUSIÓN: Los tumores metanéfricos son tumores benignos pediátricos ocasionalmente diagnosticados en adultos. Existen tres formas en función del predominio del componente epitelial, del estromal o la presencia de ambos.Su tratamiento es quirúrgico con un pronóstico excelente

OBJETIVE: Metanephric Stromal Tumors (MST) are pediatric renal neoplasms not very common in adults. This study revises its classification, incidence and evolution and also some specific characteristics of the cases diagnosed in adults.METHODS: We present two cases of MST diagnosed in adults of 72 and 77 years old respectively. Abdominal pain due to a more than 4Kg. mass was the initial presentation in both cases. The tumors were completely resected. Four and ten years after excision patients are alive without disease.RESULTS: Characteristic histologic features include aproliferation of fusocellular cells with alternating cellularity that imparts a nodular appearance and onion-skin cuffing around entrapped renal tubules or vascular structures. No mitoses or atypia was found but extensive necrosis and fibrosis were present. A majority of stromal cells werevimentine and CD-34 positive. Stains for CK and EMAhighlighted entrapped native tubules. Both cases werepreviously classified as mesoblastic nephromas. According to the 2002 ONS classification of tumours of the urinary system, they have been revised and re-classified as MST.CONCLUSION: MST are pediatric benign tumors exceptionally diagnosed in adults. Metanephric stromal tumors are divided into 3 categories based on the presence of epithelial cells, stroma and epithelial cells plus stromal. Complete excision is the treatment of choice and the prognosis is excellent

Pseudotumor fibro-óseo de los dedos. Presentación de un caso / Fibro-osseous pseudotumor of the digits: a case report

El pseudotumor fibro-óseo de los dedos es una lesiónreparativa, autolimitada, que aparece fundamentalmente en eltejido celular subcutáneo de la falange proximal de los dedosde las manos en mujeres jóvenes. Se caracteriza por presentarsecomo una masa dolorosa de rápido crecimiento y pronósticoexcelente ya que raramente recidiva si la excisión escompleta. Presentamos el caso de un pseudotumor fibro-óseoen la mano derecha de un varón de 34 años. Histológicamentese trata de una lesión fibrosa con áreas mixoides y otrasáreas con depósito de material osteoide maduro e inmaduro.En la zona central se reconoce un fenómeno zonal con osteoidey células de aspecto inmaduro. Las células son de aparienciamiofibroblástica y expresan vimentina y actina

Fibroosseous pseudotumor of the digits is a reparative,self-limiting lesion occurring in the subcutis of the digits,especially in the proximal phalanx of young women. Clinically,this process presents as a rapidly enlarging painfulmass with excellent prognosis. It rarely recurs, if it wascompletely removed. A 34-tear old man with a fibroosseouspseudotumor in his right hand is presented. Histologic sectionsshowed a fibrous lesion with mixoid matrix and depositof osteoid rimmed by osteoblasts. The presence of «zonation» phenomenon in the center of the lesion with osteoidand immature fibroblasts is also present. Myofibroblastsexpress vimentin and actin

Pautas para un correcto diagnóstico en glándula suprarrenal / Guidelines for the correct diagnosis of adrenal tumors

El objetivo de este trabajo es precisar el mejor itinerario a seguir en el estudio macroscópico y microscópico de las lesiones en glándula suprarrenal, que nos permita alcanzar un diagnóstico final adecuado, basándonos en los protocolos recomendados por el College of American Pathologists y la Association of Directors of Anatomic Pathology and Surgical Pathology (AU)

Resultados comparativos de la disección ganglionar en cáncer de recto con y sin tratamiento previo del tejido adiposo / Comparative results of ganglion dissection in cancer of the rectum with and without prior treatment with adipose tissue

Fundamento. El propósito de este estudio es describir los resultados obtenidos mediante dos técnicas de aislamiento de ganglios linfáticos en piezas quirúrgicas de resección anterior por adenocarcinoma de recto. Material y métodos. En una serie de 30 casos consecutivos de pacientes intervenidos por adenocarcinoma de recto hemos realizado una búsqueda de ganglios de forma manual convencional y una segunda tras 24 horas en una solución desengrasante a temperatura ambiente. Resultados. En la primera búsqueda se han aislado 335 ganglios linfáticos con una media que oscila entre 6,46 y 17,58, correspondiendo los valores más bajos a los grupos que habían recibido tratamiento adyuvante previo. En la segunda inclusión, tras la acción de la solución de aclaramiento hemos encontrado nuevos ganglios (85) en un 70 por ciento de los casos, en número y tamaño sensiblemente inferior al inicial. Conclusiones. La disección ganglionar manual del tejido adiposo es un método fiable para el aislamiento de ganglios linfáticos en las piezas de resección por adenocarcinoma de recto. La búsqueda de ganglios linfáticos tras la acción de una solución de aclaramiento debe reservarse para los casos en los que no se alcanza el mínimo aconsejado en el estadiaje TNM (AU)

[Florid glandular cystitis of the intestinal type with mucin extravasation: a lesion simulating a tumor]. / Cistitis glandular florida de tipo intestinal con extravasación de mucina: una lesión que simula un tumor.

A wide spectrum of glandular epitheliales metaplastic changes may be seen in the bladder. Extensive replacement of the urotelium with an epithelium resembling intestinal mucosa is recognised as a premalignant condition. However, the natural history of intestinal metaplasia of the urinary bladder and long-term outcome are unknown. We report a case of glandular cystitis with intestinal metaplasia in a young patient. Cystoscopy revealed a tumour well circumscribed measuring 4 cm on the trigone. Microscopic examination showed numerous glands lined by intestinal type epithelium without atipia, conforming to the appearance of the intestinal variant of cystitis glandularis. This case had prominent foci of basophilic mucin in the stroma. Rounded aggregates of mucin were occasionally surrounded by compressed connective tissue cells, simulating mucinous cyst. This case illustrates the extent to which cystitis glandularis may mimic a neoplasm on gross evaluation and the propensity of mucin extravasation to cause diagnostic difficulty, a finding documented only rarely previously, and we discuss its biologic significance.

[Amyloidosis localized in the seminal vesicles: clinico-pathological review of 8 cases diagnosed in surgical specimens]. / Amiloidosis localizada en vesículas seminales: revisión clínico-patológica de 8 casos diagnosticados en material quirúrgico.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical and pathological study of eight cases of localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicles. Review of the literature. METHODS: Immunohistochemical and histochemical study in surgical specimens. RESULTS: Two of the eight cases studied for amyloidosis in seminal vesicles, were obtained from radical prostatectomy specimens; patients had prior androgen deprivation therapy for two months. Four cases were obtained from radical cistoprostatectomy specimens because of urothelial carcinoma and the last two cases were diagnosed by transrectal prostatic needle biopsy which including a portion of seminal vesicle. Amyloidosis of seminal the vesicle is permanganate-sensitive; A-Amyloid, laminin, amyloid P protein and collagen IV negative. CONCLUSION: Localized amyloidosis ot the seminal vesicle is not an unusual finding. The incidence increases with age. The histochemical and immunohistochemical features are different from other amyloid deposits.