Prevalence, risk factors and evolution of diabetes mellitus after treatment in primary aldosteronism. Results from the SPAIN-ALDO registry.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and evolution of diabetes mellitus (DM) after targeted treatment in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study of PA patients in follow-up at 27 Spanish tertiary hospitals (SPAIN-ALDO Register). RESULTS: Overall, 646 patients with PA were included. At diagnosis, 21.2% (n = 137) had DM and 67% of them had HbA1c levels < 7%. In multivariate analysis, family history of DM (OR 4.00 [1.68-9.53]), the coexistence of dyslipidemia (OR 3.57 [1.51-8.43]) and advanced age (OR 1.04 per year of increase [1.00-1.09]) were identified as independent predictive factors of DM. Diabetic patients were on beta blockers (46.7% (n = 64) vs. 27.5% (n = 140), P < 0.001) and diuretics (51.1% (n = 70) vs. 33.2% (n = 169), p < 0.001) more frequently than non-diabetics. After a median follow-up of 22 months [IQR 7.5-63.0], 6.9% of patients developed DM, with no difference between those undergoing adrenalectomy and those treated medically (HR 1.07 [0.49-2.36], p = 0.866). There was also no significant difference in the evolution of glycemic control between DM patients who underwent surgery and those medically treated (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: DM affects about one quarter of patients with PA and the risk factors for its development are common to those of the general population. Medical and surgical treatment provides similar benefit in glycemic control in patients with PA and DM.

Estudio en vida real para evaluar la adherencia y el sabor de un suplemento oral Nutricional hipercalórico e hiperproteico en pacientes con desnutrición en un hospital / A real-world study to evaluate adherence and flavor of a high-protein hypercaloric oral nutritional supplement in patients with malnutrition in a hospital

Objetivo: el objetivo de nuestro estudio en vida real fue evaluar en pacientes ingresados desnutridos la adherencia y las preferencias de sabor de un suplemento oral Nutricional (SON) hipercalórico e hiperproteico. Métodos: se incluyeron en este estudio en vida real un total de 34 pacientes ingresados con pérdida de peso reciente. Se administró un sabor (café, vainilla o fresa) cada día de forma aleatoria a cada paciente durante tres días consecutivos. En los primeros tres días se pidió a los pacientes que completaran dos cuestionarios destinados a reflejar la tolerancia y aceptación del SON (Renutryl®). La adherencia del SON fue evaluada durante el ingreso hospitalario. Resultados: el sabor dulce fue más elevado para el sabor fresa (4,54 ± 0,2 puntos) que para el sabor vainilla (3,13 ± 0,1 puntos; p < 0,03) y el sabor café (3,03 ± 0,1 puntos; p < 0,02). Al analizar a los pacientes que tomaron suplementos después de elegir el sabor, los pacientes que eligieron café tomaron un total de 13,3 ± 1,1 envases de promedio durante la hospitalización (0,91 ± 0,2 por día), los pacientes que eligieron fresa tomaron 13,4 ± 1,3 envases (0,92 ± 0,1 por día) y, finalmente, los pacientes que eligieron envases de vainilla tomaron 8,3 ± 0,9 envases durante el ingreso (0,61 ± 0,1 por día), con diferencias significativas a favor de los sabores de fresa y café frente al sabor de vainilla. Por otra parte, el SON elegido mayoritariamente por los pacientes al alta hospitalaria fue el pack multisabor (n = 20; 50 %).Conclusiones: las preferencias de sabor de los SON de tres sabores son similares, aunque la adherencia fue más elevada durante el ingreso con respecto a los SON con sabor a café y fresa. La dulzura puede haber influido en este hallazgo, sobre todo con el sabor fresa, con una buena tolerancia de los 3 sabores (AU)

Aim: the objective of our real-life study was to evaluate adherence and taste preferences of a hypercaloric and hyperprotein oral nutritional supplement (ONS) in malnourished hospitalized patients. Methods: a total of 34 in patients with recent weight loss were included in this study. One flavor (coffe, vanilla or strawberry) was administered each day in a random way to each patient during three consecutive days. In the first three days, patients were asked to fulfill two questionnaires intended to reflect ONS (Renutryl®) tolerance and acceptance. Adherence to the ONS was measured during hospital stay. Results: the sweet flavor was higher for strawberry (4.54 ± 0.2 points) than for the vanilla flavor (3.13 ± 0.1 points; p < 0.03) and coffee flavor (3.03 ± 0.1 points; p <0.02). When analyzing the total number of patients who took supplements after choosing the flavor, the patients who chose coffee took a total of 13.3 ± 1.1 packages on average during hospitalization (0.91 ± 0.2 per day), the patients who chose strawberry took 13.4 ± 1.3 packages (0.92 ± 0.1 per day), and finally the patients who chose vanilla packages took 8.3 ± 0, 9 packages during admission (0.61 ± 0.1 per day), with significant differences in favor of the strawberry and coffee flavors versus vanilla. The ONS chosen mostly by the patients at hospital discharge was the multiflavor pack (n = 20; 50 %). Conclusions: taste preferences for the three flavored ONSs are similar, although adherence was higher during admission to the coffee- and strawberry-flavored ONS. Sweetness may have influenced this finding, especially with the strawberry flavor, with a good tolerance of all three flavors (AU)

Effects of a High-Protein/Low-Carbohydrate versus a Standard Hypocaloric Diet on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Factors during 9 Months: Role of a Genetic Variation in the Cannabinoid Receptor Gene (CNR1) (G1359A Polymorphism).

OBJECTIVE: We decided to investigate the role of this polymorphism on cardiovascular risk factors and weight loss secondary to a high-protein/low-carbohydrate vs. a standard hypocaloric diet (1,000 kcal/day) over a period of 9 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A nutritional evaluation was performed at the beginning and at the end of a 9-month period in which subjects received 1 of 2 diets (diet HP: high protein/low carbohydrate vs. S: standard diet). RESULTS: One hundred and four patients (54.7%) had the genotype G1359G and 86 (45.3%) patients had G1359A (77 patients, 25.8%) or A1359A (9 patients, 3.7%) (A-allele-carriers). In subjects with both genotypes, the body mass index, weight, fat mass, waist circumference and systolic blood pressures decreased with both diets. After the diet type HP and in subjects with both genotypes, the glucose, leptin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, insulin and HOMA-R levels decreased. After diet S and in all subjects, the total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and leptin levels decreased, too. CONCLUSION: Our interventional study didn't show a relationship between the rs1049353 CNR-1 polymorphism and body weight response after two different hypocaloric (low carbohydrate/high protein vs. standard) diets over a period of 9 months. However, a low-carbohydrate/high-protein diet for 9 months improved glucose metabolism in subjects with both genotypes.

Estudio de tolerancia y aceptacion de una formula enteral hiperproteica enriquecida en fibra / Study of tolerance and aceptability of a hyperproteic enteral formula enriched infiber

Objetivos: Evaluar la tolerancia gastrointestinal y aceptación de la nueva formulación de Isosource Protein ® Fibre® con una nueva mezcla de fibras soluble e insoluble en practica clínica real. Material y métodos: Estudio abierto, no comparativo, no aleatorizado, descriptivo, evaluándose la tolerancia gastrointestinal mediante el registro diario de síntomas gastrointestinales subjetivos por parte del paciente, y objetivos tras la exploración abdominal por parte del investigador. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes con una media de edad de 67,32 ±13,8 años y de los cuales un 66,7% eran varones. El peso actual medio de la muestra fue de 68,7±9,8 kg (Rango: 51 - 90 kg) y el IMC 24,0±4,0 kg/ m2 y (Rango: 16,0 - 32,00 kg/m2). El volumen medio final prescrito de Isosource Protein® Fibre® fue de 1580 ± 282,7 ml/día (Rango: 1200 - 2000 ml/día). El 72,22% de los pacientes recibió 1500 ml/día, un 16,67% recibió 1750 ml/día, un 5,56% recibió 2000 ml/día y un 5,56% recibió 2500 ml/día. El análisis de la tolerancia gastrointestinal por parte de los pacientes reveló que en la primera visita del estudio, no refirieron problemas gastrointestinales relevantes, tan solo un paciente indicó la presencia de estreñimiento moderado. Por el contrario, en la última visita del estudio, se observó que dos pacientes refirieron estreñimiento (leve y moderado) y dos pacientes refirieron diarrea (leve y severa). En cuanto a la evaluación de la tolerancia gastrointestinal por parte del investigador y del hábito deposicional, los resultados muestran que en el 100% casos la tolerancia fue normal. Respecto al hábito deposicional se observa significativamente (p=0,035) que el 66,7% de los pacientes no presentaron deposiciones al inicio del estudio, frente al 33,4% en la última visita. En este sentido, se observó un aumento significativo en la media del número de deposiciones diarias en la visita final (0,89 ± 0,90, rango: 0 a 3), respecto a la inicial (0,44 ± 0,78, rango: 0 a 3) (p=0,035). En ningún caso se neceobservaron complicaciones digestivas relacionadas con la fórmula o con su administración, ni se reportaron acontecimientos adversos relacionados con la nutrición. Conclusiones: Isosource Protein® Fibre® ha mostrado ser una fórmula de nutrición enteral bien tolerada, con una baja frecuencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y una mejoría en el número de deposiciones, lo que favorece el cumplimiento de la pauta prescrita por el profesional de la salud y sugiere un efecto positivo en la regulación del tránsito intestinal (AU)

Objectives: To evaluate the gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptance of the new formulation of Isosource Protein ® Fibre® with a new blend of fibers IS50®. Methods: Opened, non-comparative, nonrandomized, descriptive study in patients requiring full enteral tube feeding for at least 7 days. Gastrointestinal tolerance was assessed by daily record of subjective gastrointestinal symptoms by the patient, and objectives behind the abdominal exploration by the researcher for up to 15 days. Results: 18 patients were included with a mean age of 67.32 ± 13.8 years, of whom 66.7% were male. The average actual weight of the sample was 68.7 ± 9.8 kg (range: 51-90 kg) and BMI 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (range: 16.0 to 32.00 kg/m2). The average volume prescribed Isosource Protein® Fiber® was 1580 ± 282.7 ml / day (range: 1200 to 2000 ml/day). 72.22% of the patients received 1500 ml/day, received 16.67% 1750 ml / day, 5.56% received 2000 ml/day and 5.56% received 2500 ml/day. The analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerance of patients revealed that in the first study visit, reported no significant gastrointestinal problems, only one patient indicated the presence of mild constipation. By contrast, in the last study visit, it was observed that two patients reported constipation (mild to moderate) and two patients reported diarrhea (mild and severe). As for the evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance by the investigator and depositional habit, the results show that in 100% cases tolerance was normal. Regarding the depositional habit, it was observed than the 66.7% of patients had no bowel movements at baseline, compared to 33.4% at the last visit of the patient (p = 0.035). In this sense, a significant increase (p = 0.035) in the mean number of daily bowel movements at the final visit (0.89 ± 0.90, range: 0-3) was observed, compared to the initial visit (0.44 ± 0.78, range: 0-3). Conclusions: Isosource Protein® Fibre® has proved a formula for enteral nutrition well tolerated, with a very low frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and an improvement in the number of stools, which encourages compliance with the standard prescribed by the health professional and suggest a positive effect on the regulation of intestinal transit (AU)

[Study of tolerance and aceptability of a hyperproteic enteral formula enriched in fiber]. / Estudio de tolerancia y aceptacion de una formula enteral hiperproteica enriquecida en fibra.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the gastrointestinal tolerance and acceptance of the new formulation of Isosource Protein ® Fibre® with a new blend of fibers IS50®. METHODS: Opened, non-comparative, nonrandomized, descriptive study in patients requiring full enteral tube feeding for at least 7 days. Gastrointestinal tolerance was assessed by daily record of subjective gastrointestinal symptoms by the patient, and objectives behind the abdominal exploration by the researcher for up to 15 days. RESULTS: 18 patients were included with a mean age of 67.32 ± 13.8 years, of whom 66.7% were male. The average actual weight of the sample was 68.7 ± 9.8 kg (range: 51-90 kg) and BMI 24.0 ± 4.0 kg/m2 (range: 16.0 to 32.00 kg/m2). The average volume prescribed Isosource Protein® Fiber® was 1580 ± 282.7 ml / day (range: 1200 to 2000 ml/day). 72.22% of the patients received 1500 ml/day, received 16.67% 1750 ml / day, 5.56% received 2000 ml/day and 5.56% received 2500 ml/day. The analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerance of patients revealed that in the first study visit, reported no significant gastrointestinal problems, only one patient indicated the presence of mild constipation. By contrast, in the last study visit, it was observed that two patients reported constipation (mild to moderate) and two patients reported diarrhea (mild and severe). As for the evaluation of gastrointestinal tolerance by the investigator and depositional habit, the results show that in 100% cases tolerance was normal. Regarding the depositional habit, it was observed than the 66.7% of patients had no bowel movements at baseline, compared to 33.4% at the last visit of the patient (p = 0.035). In this sense, a significant increase (p = 0.035) in the mean number of daily bowel movements at the final visit (0.89 ± 0.90, range: 0-3) was observed, compared to the initial visit (0.44 ± 0.78, range: 0-3). CONCLUSIONS: Isosource Protein® Fibre® has proved a formula for enteral nutrition well tolerated, with a very low frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and an improvement in the number of stools, which encourages compliance with the standard prescribed by the health professional and suggest a positive effect on the regulation of intestinal transit.

Objetivos: Evaluar la tolerancia gastrointestinal y aceptación de la nueva formulación de Isosource Protein ® Fibre® con una nueva mezcla de fibras soluble e insoluble en practica clínica real. Material y métodos: Estudio abierto, no comparativo, no aleatorizado, descriptivo, evaluándose la tolerancia gastrointestinal mediante el registro diario de síntomas gastrointestinales subjetivos por parte del paciente, y objetivos tras la exploración abdominal por parte del investigador. Resultados: Se incluyeron 18 pacientes con una media de edad de 67,32 ±13,8 años y de los cuales un 66,7% eran varones. El peso actual medio de la muestra fue de 68,7±9,8 kg (Rango: 51 - 90 kg) y el IMC 24,0±4,0 kg/ m2 y (Rango: 16,0 - 32,00 kg/m2). El volumen medio final prescrito de Isosource Protein® Fibre® fue de 1580 ± 282,7 ml/día (Rango: 1200 - 2000 ml/día). El 72,22% de los pacientes recibió 1500 ml/día, un 16,67% recibió 1750 ml/día, un 5,56% recibió 2000 ml/día y un 5,56% recibió 2500 ml/día. El análisis de la tolerancia gastrointestinal por parte de los pacientes reveló que en la primera visita del estudio, no refirieron problemas gastrointestinales relevantes, tan solo un paciente indicó la presencia de estreñimiento moderado. Por el contrario, en la última visita del estudio, se observó que dos pacientes refirieron estreñimiento (leve y moderado) y dos pacientes refirieron diarrea (leve y severa). En cuanto a la evaluación de la tolerancia gastrointestinal por parte del investigador y del hábito deposicional, los resultados muestran que en el 100% casos la tolerancia fue normal. Respecto al hábito deposicional se observa significativamente (p=0,035) que el 66,7% de los pacientes no presentaron deposiciones al inicio del estudio, frente al 33,4% en la última visita. En este sentido, se observó un aumento significativo en la media del número de deposiciones diarias en la visita final (0,89 ± 0,90, rango: 0 a 3), respecto a la inicial (0,44 ± 0,78, rango: 0 a 3) (p=0,035). En ningún caso se observaron complicaciones digestivas relacionadas con la fórmula o con su administración, ni se reportaron acontecimientos adversos relacionados con la nutrición. Conclusiones: Isosource Protein® Fibre® ha mostrado ser una fórmula de nutrición enteral bien tolerada, con una baja frecuencia de síntomas gastrointestinales y una mejoría en el número de deposiciones, lo que favorece el cumplimiento de la pauta prescrita por el profesional de la salud y sugiere un efecto positivo en la regulación del tránsito intestinal.