Gut Microbial Metabolome and Dysbiosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Psychobiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

The comprehensive narrative review conducted in this study delves into the mechanisms of communication and action at the molecular level in the human organism. The review addresses the complex mechanism involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis as well as the implications of alterations in the microbial composition of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss or death is analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of action of the main metabolites involved in the bidirectional communication through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, interventions targeting gut microbiota restructuring through fecal microbiota transplantation and the use of psychobiotics-pre- and pro-biotics-are evaluated as an opportunity to reduce the symptomatology associated with neurodegeneration in these pathologies. This review provides valuable information and facilitates a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms to be addressed in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Relationship between nutritional treatment compliance and nutritional status improvements in patients with gastrointestinal impairment taking an oral peptide-based supplement.

OBJECTIVES: Compliance in outpatients with gastrointestinal (GI) malabsorption is key in nutritional treatment. The objective of this study was to assess compliance in patients with GI impairment and malnutrition taking a high-calorie, high-protein, peptide-based oral nutritional supplement (ONS-PBD). METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted in 19 medical sites in Spain where ONS-PBD were prescribed as standard of care. Patients consumed ONS-PBD daily for 12 wk. Compliance was calculated as the percentage consumed of the prescribed amount of ONS per day. RESULTS: A total of 90 adult patients were included in the study, of whom 64 completed the 12-wk regimine. Mean compliance was 78.8% ± 24.5%. Risk of malnutrition decreased in 56.3% of patients at 12 wk, as measured with the malnutrition universal screening tool. A reduction in abdominal pain was observed and stool consistency improved, with a mean of 54.7% and 27.5%, respectively. Improvements in quality of life and a decrease in percentage of patients with severe functional impairment were observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that ONS-PBD compliance in malnourished patients with GI symptoms is high, reducing GI symptoms and improving patients' nutritional status.

Hospitalización en enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: perspectiva actual / Hospitalization in inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspective

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Multiseptate gallbladder: a rare ultrasonographic finding.

Multiseptate gallbladder is a congenital abnormality categorized as a gallbladder shape variant with some 20 cases reported thus far in the literature. Clinical presentation may be highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic to chronic pain in the right upper quadrant, cholecystitis, and even pancreatitis. It may be associated with other bile duct abnormalities such as choledochal cyst, ectopic gallbladder or anomalous biliopancreatic junction.

Vesícula biliar multiseptada. Un raro hallazgo ecográfico / Multiseptate gallbladder: a rare ultrasonographic finding

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Fístulas enterocutáneas en la enfermedad de Crohn: características clínicas y respuesta al tratamiento / Enterocutaneous fistulas and Crohn's disease: clinical characteristics and response to treatment

Introducción: la baja prevalencia de las fístulas enterocutáneas (FEC) en los pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn (EC) justifica la escasez de estudios que analicen el efecto del tratamiento médico y la necesidad de cirugía en estos pacientes. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido evaluar las características clínicas de los pacientes con EC que presentan FEC y la repuesta a los distintos tratamientos. Material y métodos: se analizaron retrospectivamente los pacientes con EC que presentaron FEC desde 1970 a 2009 en tres centros terciarios de España analizando las características clínicas de los pacientes, las respuestas a los tratamientos así como la correlación entre la respuesta a terapias biológicas de la FEC y enfermedad perianal. La actividad inflamatoria de la enfermedad se midió mediante el índice de Harvey-Bradshaw. Las definiciones de respuesta parcial o completa se establecieron a juicio del médico responsable. Resultados: se incluyeron 26 pacientes (18 mujeres), en más de la mitad de los casos (67%) el tratamiento con anti-TNF mejoró el drenaje de la fístula. Las fístulas post-quirúrgicas respondieron mejor al tratamiento con anti-TNF que las fístulas espontáneas (80 vs. 57%). Se obtuvo un 100% y un 60% de cierre en fístulas espontáneas y post-quirúrgicas tras cirugía, respectivamente. Conclusiones: aunque la mayoría de los pacientes requirieron cirugía como tratamiento definitivo, los fármacos anti-TNF mejoraron el débito de la fístula en un porcentaje aceptable de los pacientes tratados, por lo que en un grupo seleccionado podría considerarse una estrategia de tratamiento previo a cirugía(AU)

Introduction: the low prevalence of enterocutaneous fistulas (ECF) in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) justifies the scarcity of studies that analyze the effect of medical treatment and the need for surgery in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with CD who have ECF and the response to different treatments. Material and methods: patients with CD who presented ECF fistula between 1970 and 2009 in three tertiary centers in Spain were analyzed retrospectively for their clinical characteristics, response to treatment as well as the correlation between the response to biological therapies for ECF and perianal disease. The inflammatory activity of the disease was measured using the Harvey-Bradshaw index. The definitions of partial or complete response were based on the treating physician’s judgment. Results: twenty six patients were included (18 women); in more than half of cases (67%), anti-TNF treatment improved fistula drainage. Postoperative fistulas responded better to anti-TNF treatment than did spontaneous fistulas (80 versus 57%). One hundred percent and 60% of spontaneous and postoperative fistulas closed after surgery, respectively. Conclusions: although the majority of patients required surgery as the ultimate treatment, anti-TNF drugs improved fistula output in an acceptable percentage of patients who were treated. Therefore, this may be a treatment strategy prior to surgery in a select group of patients(AU)

Usefulness of oral beclometasone dipropionate in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis in clinical practice: the RECLICU Study.

BACKGROUND: Beclometasone dipropionate (BDP) is a relatively new topically acting oral steroid to treat mild to moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). We estimate that 20,000 patients have received oral BDP in Spain in the last two years. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral BDP in clinical practice. METHODS: Retrospective and multicenter study that included 434 patients with active UC treated with BDP. The partial Mayo Clinic score (pMS, 0-9) was used to measure disease activity. Remission was defined as post-treatment pMS of 0 or 1; response as a decrease in pMS of 3 points or 2 points and >30%, and failure as lack of remission or response. RESULTS: BDP dose was 5 mg/day in 88% of patients and mean treatment duration was 6.2 weeks. BDP achieved remission in 44.4%, response in 22.3% and failed in 33.2% of patients. Mean pMS decreased from 4.9 ± 1.3 to 2.4 ± 2.3 (p<0.0001). Remission rate was higher in mild and moderate than in severe UC (p<0.043) and tended to be higher in left-sided and extensive UC than in proctitis (p<0.06). Failure was less frequent in patients treated for >4 weeks (p<0.02). Mild adverse events were reported in 7.6% of patients. CONCLUSION: BDP induces response or remission in two thirds of active UC patients, with a good safety profile. Patients with mild to moderate, left-sided or extensive UC, receiving BDP for more than 4 weeks are most likely to benefit from this treatment.

Cáncer de esófago, un nuevo reto diagnóstico / Esophageal cancer: a new challenge

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