Validación de la medición transcutánea de la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono en el paciente crítico pediátrico / Validation of the transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension measurements in critical paediatric patients

Objetivo: Valorar la fiabilidad de la medición de la presión transcutánea de dióxido de carbono (PtCO2) respecto a la medición de la presión arterial de dióxido de carbono (PaCO2). Material y métodos: Estudio analítico, observacional, longitudinal y prospectivo. Cohorte de pacientes ingresados en unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos. La PtCO2 se midió con el monitor digital SenTec, aplicando el sensor con un anillo específico (sensor V-sign, versión MDB 04.04.02). Se recogieron al mismo tiempo la PtCO2 y PaCO2. La significación estadística de la asociación se calculó mediante el test F de Snedecor, el coeficiente de correlación r2 de Pearson y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase. El grado de acuerdo se estimó con el método de Bland y Altman. La consistencia de los resultados se estudió con el ANOVA. Resultados: Se compararon 106 mediciones pareadas de PtCO2 y PaCO2, de 12 pacientes. Las PaCO2 y PtCO2 medias fueron 51,0±13mmHg y 50,1±14mmHg; r2=0,87 (p<0,001), CCI=0,96 (IC: 0,94–0,97). El análisis de Bland-Altman mostró una media de las diferencias de−0,9mmHg (IC:−2,0 a 0,2mmHg). La correlación fue mejor en ausencia de patología respiratoria, con asistencia respiratoria baja, con PaCO2>50mmHg y con aplicación frontal del sensor. Hubo consistencia de los resultados. No se observaron efectos secundarios derivados de la utilización del anillo. Conclusiones: La correlación obtenida entre la PtCO2 y PaCO2 fue muy buena. El monitor digital SenTec y el sensor de anillo específico constituyen una herramienta fiable, segura y fácil de utiliza (AU)

Objective: To estimate the accuracy of the transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension measurement (PtCO2) compared to the measurement of the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2). Material and methods: An analytical, longitudinal, prospective and observational study, of a dynamic cohort taken from the in-patients of a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The PtCO2 was measured with the SenTec AG analyzer, and the sensor was applied with the specific Multi-Site Attachment Ring. PtCO2 and PaCO2 were recorded at the same time. The statistical significance of the association between paired measurements was evaluated with the Snedecor's F test, the Pearson's r2 correlation coefficient and the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The degree of agreement was evaluated with the Bland & Altman method. The consistency of the results was evaluated with the ANalysis Of the VAriance (ANOVA). Results: One hundred and six paired measurements, PtCO2 and PaCO2, from twelve patients, were compared. The means of the PaCO2 and PtCO2 were 51.0±13mmHg and 50.1±14mmHg, respectively; r2=0.87 (p<0.001), ICC=0.96, (95% CI: 0.94–0.97). The Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of−0.9mmHg (95% CI:−2.0 to 0.2mmHg). The correlation was better in cases with no respiratory disease, with low respiratory assistance, with PaCO2>50mmHg and with the sensor applied on the forehead. The results were consistent. No side effects derived from the use of the ring were observed. Conclusion: The correlation between PtCO2 and PaCO2 is excellent and stable. The ring sensor was safe and easy to us (AU)

[Validation of the transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension measurements in critical paediatric patients]. / Validación de la medición transcutánea de la presión parcial de dióxido de carbono en el paciente crítico pediátrico.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of the transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension measurement (PtCO(2)) compared to the measurement of the arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)). MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytical, longitudinal, prospective and observational study, of a dynamic cohort taken from the in-patients of a Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The PtCO(2) was measured with the SenTec AG analyzer, and the sensor was applied with the specific Multi-Site Attachment Ring. PtCO(2) and PaCO(2) were recorded at the same time. The statistical significance of the association between paired measurements was evaluated with the Snedecor's F test, the Pearson's r(2) correlation coefficient and the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The degree of agreement was evaluated with the Bland & Altman method. The consistency of the results was evaluated with the ANalysis Of the VAriance (ANOVA). RESULTS: One hundred and six paired measurements, PtCO(2) and PaCO(2), from twelve patients, were compared. The means of the PaCO(2) and PtCO(2) were 51.0+/-13mmHg and 50.1+/-14mmHg, respectively; r(2)=0.87 (p<0.001), ICC=0.96, (95% CI: 0.94-0.97). The Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference of-0.9mmHg (95% CI:-2.0 to 0.2mmHg). The correlation was better in cases with no respiratory disease, with low respiratory assistance, with PaCO(2)>50mmHg and with the sensor applied on the forehead. The results were consistent. No side effects derived from the use of the ring were observed. CONCLUSION: The correlation between PtCO(2) and PaCO(2) is excellent and stable. The ring sensor was safe and easy to use.

Empiema epidural tras intervención por laparoscopia de estenosis hipertrófica de píloro / Epidural empyema after laparoscopy for hypotrophic pyloric stenosis

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[Plastic bronchitis. A case report and review of the literature]. / Bronquitis plástica. A propósito de un caso y revisión de los casos asociados a cirugía de Fontan.

Plastic bronchitis is a rare complication in which bronchial casts of lymphatic origin develop in the tracheobronchial tree and cause airway obstruction. The main feature is expectoration of bronchial casts. This condition usually occurs in the postoperative period after the Fontan operation for congenital heart disease. Treatment modalities include mucolytics and chest physiotherapy, and in the most severe cases bronchoscopy to remove the casts and aerosolized urokinase or r-TPA. We describe a 12-year-old boy with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and severely hypoplastic right ventricle who underwent a modified Fontan operation at the age of 7 years. At the age of 12 years the patient started to present frequent episodes of coughing, dyspnea, and desaturation followed by difficult emission of white bronchial casts. An extracardiac Fontan conversion was performed to improve hemodynamics and symptoms. During the postoperative period frequent episodes of airway obstruction required bronchoscopy and finally improved with administration of aerosolized urokinase.

Bronquitis plástica. A propósito de un caso y revisión de los casos asociados a cirugía de Fontan / Plastic bronchitis. A case report and review of the literature

La bronquitis plástica es una rara manifestación consistente en la formación y expectoración de moldes bronquiales de origen linfático que provocan obstrucción de la vía respiratoria. Se asocia sobre todo al postoperatorio de cardiopatías congénitas corregidas con la operación de Fontan. Como tratamiento de base se han utilizado mucolíticos y fisioterapia respiratoria y en los casos más graves la extracción de los moldes por broncoscopia así como la nebulización de urocinasa o activador tisular del plasminógeno recombinante (rt-PA). Se presenta el caso de un varón con atresia pulmonar con tabique íntegro y ventrículo derecho hipoplásico operado a los 7 años con una intervención de Fontan, que a los 12 años presentó episodios frecuentes de tos, disnea y desaturación en los cuales el paciente expectoraba moldes bronquiales de aspecto blanquecino. Se realizó una conversión a Fontan extracardíaca para mejorar la clínica y hemodinámica, presentando en el postoperatorio frecuentes episodios de obstrucción respiratoria por moldes bronquiales que requirieron extracción mediante broncoscopia y mejoraron con la administración de urocinasa nebulizada

Plastic bronchitis is a rare complication in which bronchial casts of lymphatic origin develop in the tracheobronchial tree and cause airway obstruction. The main feature is expectoration of bronchial casts. This condition usually occurs in the postoperative period after the Fontan operation for congenital heart disease. Treatment modalities include mucolytics and chest physiotherapy, and in the most severe cases bronchoscopy to remove the casts and aerosolized urokinase or r-TPA. We describe a 12-year-old boy with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum and severely hypoplastic right ventricle who underwent a modified Fontan operation at the age of 7 years. At the age of 12 years the patient started to present frequent episodes of coughing, dyspnea, and desaturation followed by difficult emission of white bronchial casts. An extracardiac Fontan conversion was performed to improve hemodynamics and symptoms. During the postoperative period frequent episodes of airway obstruction required bronchoscopy and finally improved with administration of aerosolized urokinase

Intoxicación por nitroprusiato / Nitroprusside poisoning

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