Dietary intake of table olives exerts antihypertensive effects in association with changes in gut microbiota in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Arbequina table olive (AO) consumption lowers blood pressure (BP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). This study evaluates whether dietary supplementation with AO induced changes in the gut microbiota that are consistent with the purported antihypertensive effects. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY-c) and SHR-c received water, while SHR-o were supplemented by gavage with AO (3.85 g kg-1) for 7 weeks. Faecal microbiota was analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. SHR-c showed increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes compared to WKY-c. AO supplementation in SHR-o decreased BP by approximately 19 mmHg, and reduced plasmatic concentrations of malondialdehyde and angiotensin II. Moreover, reshaped faecal microbiota associated with antihypertensive activity by lowering Peptoniphilus and increasing Akkermansia, Sutterella, Allobaculum, Ruminococcus, and Oscillospira. Also promoted the growth of probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and modified the relationship of Lactobacillus with other microorganisms, from competitive to symbiotic. In SHR, AO promotes a microbiota profile compatible with the antihypertensive effects of this food.

Formulación de modelos pronósticos de z-score talla/edad y hemoglobinemia en niños expuestos a plomo. La Oroya Antigua, Perú / Formulation of forecasting models of z-score height/age and hemoglobinemia in children exposed to lead. The Oroya Antigua, Peru

Introducción: El estado nutricional puede verse afectado por factores dietéticos, socioeconómicos y medioambientales. Objetivo: Formular modelos pronóstico de z-score T/E y de hemoglobinemia (Hb) en niños expuestos a plomo en La Oroya Antigua. Diseño: Analítico, transversal, prospectivo. Lugar: La Oroya Antigua. Junín-Perú. Participantes: Niños y niñas de 06 a 59 meses de edad nacidos y residentes en La Oroya Antigua. Intervenciones: Se seleccionó 98 niños mediante muestreo aleatorio sistemático y luego se post-estratificó en grupos etarios (06 a 23, 24 a 47 y 48 a 59 meses) considerando la velocidad de crecimiento y la concentración de plomo en sangre (PbS). Se realizó la evaluación antropométrica y la determinación de hemoglobina y plomo en sangre. Se aplicó una encuesta socioeconómica a las madres de los niños y niñas, además de tres recordatorios de 24 horas. Se realizó dos análisis de regresión lineal múltiple por cada grupo etario, considerándose como variables dependientes: z-score T/E y Hemoglobinemia (HbS), y como independientes: PbS, adecuación de consumo de nutrientes, indicador socioeconómico y capacidad de cuidado de la madre. Se empleó el software STATA v.11.1 y SPSS v.19. Principales medidas de los resultados: Modelos pronóstico de z-score T/E y Hemoglobinemia por grupo etario. Resultados: Primer grupo, z-score T/E=-3.518-0.017*PbS + 0.657*Proteínas de Origen Animal (POA) + 0.527*Calcio + 0.769*Zinc (R2:0.7384); HbS=9.622-0.021*PbS + 2.301*Hierro Hem + 0.899*Vitamina A-0.029*Interacción PbS-Vitamina A (R2:0.7086). Segundo grupo, z-score T/E=-2.854-0.028*PbS + 0.512*POA + 0.791*Zinc + 0.373*Vitamina A (R2=0.6443); HbS=10.6-0.021*PbS + 2.401*Hierro Hem + 0.285*Vitamina A (R2:0.5173). Tercer grupo, z-score T/E =-1.799-0.059*PbS + 0.721*POA + 0.384*Vitamina A + 0.116*Vitamina C (R2:0.7016); HbS=10.597-0.018*PbS + 2.524*Hierro Hem + 0.616*Vitamina A (R2:0.5514). Conclusiones: El aporte de proteínas de origen animal resulta ser una variable...

Introduction: Diet, environment and socioeconomic factors can affect nutritional status. Objectives: To draw up H/A z-score and HbB predicting models to identify predicting variables in lead-exposed children living in La Oroya Antigua. Design: Analytical cross-sectional study. Participants: 6-to-59 month age children born and living in La Oroya Antigua. Interventions: 98 children were selected by simple random sampling and were divided into three groups (06-to-23, 24-to-47 and 48-to-59 months) by post-stratification, considering growth speed pattern and blood lead levels (PbB). Anthropometric measures, 24-Hour Recall Questionnaire, Hemoglobine blood levels (HbB) and blood lead levels (PbB) were measured. Socioeconomic Survey was taken. PbB, nutrient consumption adequacy, socioeconomic indicator and mother care aptitude were analyzed against H/A z-score and HbB by Multiple Lineal Regression Analysis using STATA v.11.1. Main outcome measures: H/A z-score and HbB predicting models. Results: First group, H/A z-score=-3.518-0.017*PbB + 0.657*Animal Protein + 0.527*Calcium + 0.769*Zinc (R2:0.7384); HbB=9.622-0.021*PbB + 2.301*Heme iron + 0.899*Vitamin A-0.029*PbB-Vitamin A Interaction (R2:0.7086). Second group, H/A z-score=-2.854-0.028*PbB + 0.512* Animal Protein + 0.791*Zinc + 0.373*Vitamin A (R2=0.6443); HbB=10.6-0.021*PbB + 2.401*Heme iron + 0.285*Vitamin A (R2:0.5173). Third group, H/A z-score =-1.799-0.059*PbB + 0.721*Animal Protein + 0.384*Vitamin A + 0.116*Vitamin C (R2:0.7016); HbB=10.597-0.018*PbB + 2.524*Heme iron + 0.616*Vitamin A (R2:0.5514). Conclusions: In H/A z-score models, animal protein intake was found to be a favorable predicting variable in all groups. In Blood Hemoglobin models, heme iron intake and vitamin A consumption adequacy were favorable predicting variables. On the contrary, PbB was found to be an unfavorable predicting variable in H/A z-score models in the third group and also in Blood Hemoglobin models in the first group.