Body Composition Profiles of Applicants to a Physical Education and Sports Major in Southeastern Mexico.

This study aimed to determine the body composition profile of candidates applying for a Physical Education and Sports major. 327 young adults (F: 87, M: 240) participated in this cross-sectional study. Nutritional status and body composition analysis were performed, and the profiles were generated using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm. Body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), percentage of muscle mass (%MM), metabolic age (MA), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and visceral fat level (VFL) were used as input variables. BMI values were normal-weight although VFL was significantly higher in men (<0.001; η2 = 0.104). MA was positively correlated with BMR (0.81 [0.77, 0.85]; p < 0.01), BMI (0.87 [0.84, 0.90]; p < 0.01), and VFL (0.77 [0.72, 0.81]; p < 0.01). The hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two significantly different age-independent profiles: Cluster 1 (n = 265), applicants of both sexes that were shorter, lighter, with lower adiposity and higher lean mass; and, Cluster 2 (n = 62), a group of overweight male applicants with higher VFL, taller, with lower %MM and estimated energy expended at rest. We identified two profiles that might help universities, counselors and teachers/lecturers to identify applicants in which is necessary to increase physical activity levels and improve dietary habits.

La actividad física, el entrenamiento continuo e intervalo: una solución para la salud / The physical actvity, continuous and interval training: A solution for the health

Resumen El propósito de este documento fue reportar los beneficios de la actividad física, entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado en adultos sedentarios y físicamente activos. La actividad física involucra cualquier movimiento corporal que produce un aumento en el gasto energético en el metabolismo, mientras que el entrenamiento intervalo y entrenamiento continuo moderado puede ser utilizado para controlar el programa de cargas de entrenamiento (intensidad, volumen y pausa). Los beneficios que se han reportado cuando se realiza actividad física son: el incremento o mantenimiento de la condición física muscular, funciones cognitivas, cardiorespiratoria, equilibrio, peso corporal, control de la obesidad; todos ellos disminuyen los riesgos de enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfernedades crónicorrespiratorias, diabetes, presión alterial alta, sindrome metabolico, cáncer de colon, depresión y todas las causas de mortalidad. En contraste, la falta de actividad fisica ha ha sido identificada como factor de riesgo y está asociada a diversas enfemedades no transmisibles a nivel mundial. En este documento puntualizamos dos tipos de entrenamiento que han tenido aplicaciones para la salud en adultos. Este trabajo podría ayudar a promover la salud calidad de vida de la población adulta y eliminar el sedentarismo mediante la prescripción de la actividad física para la salud.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was report the benefit of the physical activity, interval training and moderate continuous training in sedentary and physically active adults. The physycal activity involve whatever bodily movement that produce a increased in the metabolic energetic expenditure. While that the interval training and moderate continuous training can be used for the training load schedule (intensity, volume and rest). While that the interval training and moderate continuous training can be used for the load training charge (intensity, volume and rest). The benefit that have been reported is the increasing or maintaining muscle fitness, cognitive and cardio- respiratory function, balance, body weight, obesity control, all reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, cáncer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, high blood pressure, metabolic syndrome, colon cancer, depression, and all causes of mortality. In contrast, the lack of physycal activity had been identified as risk factor and associated with various non comunicable diseases worldwide. In this paper, we point two types of training that had aplications for health in adults. This document could help to promote health, quality of live of the adult population and eliminate the physical inactivity by prescripcion of physical activity for the health.