One-stage or two-stage elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery and abdominal aortic aneurysm open repair in low and moderate cardiac surgical risk patients.

OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery disease (CAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are common arterial pathologies that might occur simultaneously; however, there is not enough evidence about the optimal strategy for patients with concomitant indications of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and open repair of the AAA (AAOR). This study aims to present the outcomes in low and moderate cardiac surgical risk patients who underwent one-stage or two-stage elective CABG and AAOR in a middle-income country. METHODS: An observational, retrospective case series study was conducted. Patients who had low and moderate cardiac surgical risk (less than 8% mortality risk on the STS score) and had the concomitant indication for CABG and AAOR between December 2005 and August 2021 were included. Patients were assigned to one of three strategies: Group 1 underwent one-stage surgery for CABG and AAOR, Group 2 underwent two-stage surgery within the same in-patient stay, and Group 3 underwent two-stage surgery in a new in-patient stay within 6 months. RESULTS: Twenty seven, patients with simultaneous requirements of CABG and AAOR were identified, with a mean age of 69.5 ± 6.1 years and 92.6% were male. The most common comorbidities were hypertension at 77.8% and dyslipidemia at 55.6%. The average mortality risk calculated by the STS score was 2.09% ± 1.53%. In Group 1 (n = 9), 1/9 had in-hospital mortality and no reinterventions were needed. In Group 2 (n = 10), 1/10 had in-hospital mortality, and the most common postoperative complication was acute kidney injury 2/10. Furthermore, 2/10 required a reintervention. In Group 3 (n = 8), no in-hospital mortality was present, however, complications such as sepsis, atrial fibrillation, and acute kidney injury occurred in 2/8 patients each, and 2/8 required a reintervention. CONCLUSION: Patients with CAD and AAA that need a concomitant surgical correction with CABG and an AAOR are uncommon in contemporary practice, given the advances in endovascular therapy. When indicated, one-stage surgery can be performed in patients with low cardiac surgical risk, proper patient selection plays a fundamental role and might be performed in experienced centers. However, two-staged surgeries at the same or different inpatient stay may be considered for asymptomatic AAA with close monitoring during the postoperative period. These findings can hold significance for addressing sociodemographic barriers in low and middle-income countries. More robust and extensive studies are needed to make clear comparisons between the different strategies.

Emergent hybrid surgical approaches for non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysm: a case report series.

BACKGROUND: Kommerell's aneurysm is a saccular or fusiform dilatation found in 3-8% of Kommerell's diverticulum cases. A non-dissecting rupture rate of 6% has been reported. If ruptured, emergent surgical correction is usually granted. However, evidence regarding the optimal surgical approach in this acute setting is scarce. In this case report series, we aim to describe our experience managing type-1 non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysm with hybrid emergent surgical approaches. CASES PRESENTATION: From January 2005 to December 2020, three cases of type-1 non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysm requiring emergent surgical repair were identified. The mean age was 66.67 ± 7.76 years, and 3/3 were male. The most common symptoms were atypical chest pain, dyspnoea, and headache (2/3). The mean aneurysm's diameter was 63.67 ± 5.69 mm. Frozen Elephant Trunk was the preferred surgical approach (2/3). The Non-Frozen Elephant Trunk patient underwent a hybrid procedure consisting of a supra-aortic debranching and a zone-2 stent-graft deployment. We found a mean clamp time of 140 ± 60.75 min, cardiac arrest time of 51.33 ± 3.06 min, and a hospital stay of 13.67 ± 5.51 days. The most common complications were surgical-site infection and shock (2/3). Only one patient died (1/3). CONCLUSION: Evidence of management for non-dissecting ruptured Kommerell's aneurysms is scarce. Additional, robust, and more extensive studies are required. The selection of the appropriate surgical approach is challenging, and each patient should be individualized. Frozen Elephant Trunk was feasible for patients requiring emergent surgical repair in our centre. However, other hybrid or open procedures can be performed.

Nefroprotección en frío para reparo de ectasia aórtica y aneurismas ilíacos bilaterales ante la presencia de riñón ectópico pélvico / Cold nephroprotection for repair of aortic ectasia and bilateral iliac aneurysms in the presence of pelvic ectopic kidney

Resumen Los riñones ectópicos pélvicos solitarios asociados a degeneración aneurismática de las arterias ilíacas y la aorta abdominal son eventos muy raros. Los enfoques quirúrgicos para la corrección de aneurismas con compromiso renal son un desafío por la falta de consenso actual, en especial cuando cursan con riñones ectópicos pélvicos solitarios funcionales asociados. Por tal motivo, una de las estrategias que ha demostrado buenos resultados a corto y mediano plazo es la nefroprotección en frío, la cual puede ser usada con seguridad en estos pacientes. En el caso que se presenta, se evidenció una ectasia aórtica con aneurismas ilíacos bilaterales asociados con un riñón ectópico pélvico solitario en un paciente masculino de 75 años, con hipertensión arterial y dislipidemia. Se realizó una reconstrucción aortoilíaca bilateral y una reconstrucción de la arteria hipogástrica, además de reimplante de la arteria renal ectópica bajo irrigación renal en frío, sin complicaciones y preservación de la función renal.

Abstract Solitary pelvic ectopic kidneys associated with aneurysmal degeneration of the iliac arteries and abdominal aorta are very rare events. Surgical approaches for the correction of aneurysms with renal involvement are challenging due to the lack of current consensus, especially when they are associated with functional solitary pelvic ectopic kidneys. For this reason, one of the strategies that has shown good results in the short and medium term is cold nephroprotection, which can be used safely in these patients. In the present case, aortic ectasia with bilateral iliac aneurysms associated with a solitary pelvic ectopic kidneys was evidenced in a 75-year-old male patient with arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Bilateral aortoiliac reconstruction was performed with hypogastric artery reconstruction and reimplantation of the ectopic renal artery under cold renal irrigation, without complications and preservation of renal function.

Endovascular Repair of a Spontaneous Popliteal Arteriovenous Fistula Associated With a Venous Aneurysm.

Popliteal arteriovenous fistulae (PAF) are anomalous communications between the arterial and venous systems of the lower extremity. They are usually secondary to trauma and are rarely associated with additional vascular defects. The coexistence of a PAF and a venous aneurysm is rare and usually occurs in patients with connective tissue disorders. Evidence regarding the management of this type of anomaly is scarce. However, both open and endovascular approaches seem feasible alternatives for treating this condition. Here, we describe a spontaneous popliteal arteriovenous fistula associated with a venous aneurysm in a 42-year-old male patient who presented with a popliteal mass. Satisfactory endovascular closure of the fistula and exclusion of the venous aneurysm were achieved using an Amplatzer™ Vascular Plug II.

Duodenal hemangiolymphangioma presenting as chronic anemia: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Lymphangiomas are a heterogeneous group of congenital vascular malformations characterized by cystic dilation of lymphatic vessels. They can occur at any age, but they are more common during childhood and in cutaneous localizations. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the gastrointestinal tract are very uncommon. Most are asymptomatic and diagnosis is often made as an incidental finding during endoscopy. On rare occasions the initial manifestation can be chronic anemia due to low grade gastrointestinal bleeding. They constitute an unusual manifestation and there is a low incidence of this type of tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 43 year-old latin female, with a 2-year history of chronic anemia requiring blood transfusion. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit count were low, therefore further studies were required to rule out bleeding sources or other causes of anemia. Enteroscopy findings showed a 35 mm lesion taking up 50 % of the circumference in the distal duodenum, with raised whitish edges secondary to confluent lymphangiectasia, a center with a vascular appearance and active bleeding spots. Biopsy samples dyed with India ink confirmed the diagnosis of hemangiolymphangioma. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic difficulties in this case, highlight the need to include hemangiolymphangioma in the differential diagnosis of chronic anemia as well as the need for multiple diagnostic methods to confirm the presence of the condition.

Paraganglioma retroperitoneal no funcional: reporte de un caso en la Fundación Cardioinfantil, Bogotá, Colombia / Retroperitoneal non-functional paraganglioma: report of a case from the Cardioinfantil Foundation, Bogotá, Colombia

Los paragangliomas son tumores derivados de las células cromafines de la cresta neural y por ello tienen la capacidad de secretar catecolaminas, hormonas y péptidos; al ser tumores extraadrenales del sistema nervioso central se los puede encontrar en la base del cráneo, el cuello, el tórax y el abdomen; se clasifican en funcionales y no funcionales. En este artículo se describe un paciente de sexo masculino que cursó inicialmente con dolor inespecífico en el hipocondrio derecho; con base en los estudios imaginológicos iniciales se sospechó la presencia de un neuroblastoma, pero no fue posible diferenciarlo de un paraganglioma, un ganglioneuroblastoma o un neurofibroblastoma. Se lo intervino quirúrgicamente y el estudio patológico del espécimen reveló áreas hemorrágicas extensas, compatibles con un paraganglioma extraadrenal no funcional. Estos tumores son infrecuentes, de localización diversa y de tratamiento quirúrgico difícil.

Paragangliomas are tumors derived from chromaffin cells from the neural crest. They are able to secrete catecholamines, hormones and peptides. They can be found in the skull base, neck, thorax and abdomen, and may be functional or not-functional. We report the case of a male patient with non-specific pain in the right hypochondrium. Based on the initial imaginological studies a neuroblastoma was suspected, but it not possible to differentiate it from a paraganglioma, a ganglioneuroblastoma or a neurofibroblastoma. The pathological study of the surgical specimen revealed extensive hemorrhagic areas, consistent with a non-functional extra-adrenal paraganglioma. This is an infrequent neoplasia with difficult surgical treatment.