Factores de riesgo asociados a infección periprotésica en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral: estudio de casos y controles / Risk factors associated with periprosthetic infection in patients with femoral neck fracture: A case-control study

Antecedentes y objetivo: La infección es una de las complicaciones locales más importantes en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral tratada con una artroplastia. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir y analizar posibles factores de riesgo que podrían estar implicados en la infección periprotésica del paciente con fractura del cuello femoral. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo que incluye a pacientes con fractura del cuello femoral tratada con una artroplastia en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017. Se definieron como casos a los pacientes con fractura del cuello femoral que tras someterse a una artroplastia (hemiartroplastia o artroplastia total de cadera) tuvieron como desenlace una infección periprotésica, cuyo diagnóstico se llevó a cabo atendiendo a los criterios mayores y menores descritos en el Consenso Internacional de Infecciones Musculoesqueléticas (Philadelphia 2018). Con la intención de atenuar la influencia de variables que podrían considerarse confusoras, se realizó un análisis multivariante. Resultados: Se apreció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre infección periprotésica y determinadas variables presentes en el momento del ingreso, entre las que se encuentran la presencia de anemia moderada o severa (OR: 10,91; IC95%: 1,07-111,50; p=0,007), trombocitopenia (OR: 27,72; IC95%: 3,48-221,01; p=0,002), el antecedente tromboembólico (OR: 8,80; IC95%: 1,31-59,38; p=0,026), el trastorno ansioso-depresivo en tratamiento con 2 o 3 fármacos (OR: 21,36; IC95%: 3,65-125,12; p=0,001) y la hepatopatía (OR: 32,04; IC95%: 2,59-396,29; p=0,007). Conclusiones: La infección periprotésica en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral tratado con una artroplastia podría relacionarse con la presencia de determinadas variables en el momento del ingreso hospitalario, entre las que se encuentran la anemia moderada o severa...(AU)

Background: Infection is one of the most important local complications in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty. The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze possible risk factors that could be involved in periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed including patients with femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty in the period between January 2015 and December 2017. Cases were defined as patients with femoral neck fracture who after undergoing arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty) had a periprosthetic infection, whose diagnosis was carried out according to the major and minor criteria described in the International Consensus on Musculoskeletal Infections (Philadelphia 2018). In order to mitigate the influence of variables that could be considered confounding variables, a multivariate analysis was carried out. Outcomes: A statistically significant association was found between periprosthetic infection and certain variables present at the time of admission, including the presence of moderate or severe anaemia (OR: 10.91; 95%CI: 1.07-111.50; P=.007), thrombocytopenia (OR: 27.72; 95%CI: 3.48-221.01; P=.002), history of thromboembolism event (OR: 8.80; 95%CI: 1.31-59.38; P=.026), anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs (OR: 21.36; 95%CI: 3.65-125.12; P=.001) and liver disease (OR: 32.04; 95%CI: 2.59-396.29; P=.007). Conclusions: Periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty could be related to the presence of certain variables at the time of hospital admission, including moderate or severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, history of thromboembolic event, anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs or liver disease.(AU)

[Translated article] Risk factors associated with periprosthetic infection in patients with femoral neck fracture: A case–control study / Factores de riesgo asociados a infección periprotésica en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral: estudio de casos y controles

Antecedentes y objetivo: La infección es una de las complicaciones locales más importantes en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral tratada con una artroplastia. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir y analizar posibles factores de riesgo que podrían estar implicados en la infección periprotésica del paciente con fractura del cuello femoral. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles retrospectivo que incluye a pacientes con fractura del cuello femoral tratada con una artroplastia en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2017. Se definieron como casos a los pacientes con fractura del cuello femoral que tras someterse a una artroplastia (hemiartroplastia o artroplastia total de cadera) tuvieron como desenlace una infección periprotésica, cuyo diagnóstico se llevó a cabo atendiendo a los criterios mayores y menores descritos en el Consenso Internacional de Infecciones Musculoesqueléticas (Philadelphia 2018). Con la intención de atenuar la influencia de variables que podrían considerarse confusoras, se realizó un análisis multivariante. Resultados: Se apreció una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre infección periprotésica y determinadas variables presentes en el momento del ingreso, entre las que se encuentran la presencia de anemia moderada o severa (OR: 10,91; IC95%: 1,07-111,50; p=0,007), trombocitopenia (OR: 27,72; IC95%: 3,48-221,01; p=0,002), el antecedente tromboembólico (OR: 8,80; IC95%: 1,31-59,38; p=0,026), el trastorno ansioso-depresivo en tratamiento con 2 o 3 fármacos (OR: 21,36; IC95%: 3,65-125,12; p=0,001) y la hepatopatía (OR: 32,04; IC95%: 2,59-396,29; p=0,007). Conclusiones: La infección periprotésica en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral tratado con una artroplastia podría relacionarse con la presencia de determinadas variables en el momento del ingreso hospitalario, entre las que se encuentran la anemia moderada o severa...(AU)

Background: Infection is one of the most important local complications in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty. The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze possible risk factors that could be involved in periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed including patients with femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty in the period between January 2015 and December 2017. Cases were defined as patients with femoral neck fracture who after undergoing arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty) had a periprosthetic infection, whose diagnosis was carried out according to the major and minor criteria described in the International Consensus on Musculoskeletal Infections (Philadelphia 2018). In order to mitigate the influence of variables that could be considered confounding variables, a multivariate analysis was carried out. Outcomes: A statistically significant association was found between periprosthetic infection and certain variables present at the time of admission, including the presence of moderate or severe anaemia (OR: 10.91; 95%CI: 1.07-111.50; P=.007), thrombocytopenia (OR: 27.72; 95%CI: 3.48-221.01; P=.002), history of thromboembolism event (OR: 8.80; 95%CI: 1.31-59.38; P=.026), anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs (OR: 21.36; 95%CI: 3.65-125.12; P=.001) and liver disease (OR: 32.04; 95%CI: 2.59-396.29; P=.007). Conclusions: Periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty could be related to the presence of certain variables at the time of hospital admission, including moderate or severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, history of thromboembolic event, anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs or liver disease.(AU)

Validez clínica de la histología intraoperatoria en el diagnóstico de la infección protésica / Clinical validity of the intraoperative histology in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection

Antecedentes y objetivo: Diferentes autores han puesto de manifiesto la utilidad del análisis histológico en el diagnóstico de la infección protésica; sin embargo, todavía hoy, su validez clínica es motivo de controversia. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es describir y analizar la validez clínica del análisis histológico en el diagnóstico de infección protésica en el paciente sometido a un recambio protésico de cadera o rodilla. Material y métodos: Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo que incluye 133 recambios protésicos de cadera y rodilla realizados en nuestro centro entre 2008 y 2020. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, bivariado y se determinó la validez clínica del análisis histológico. Resultados: La validez clínica del análisis histológico ofreció una sensibilidad del 48%, una especificidad del 91%, un valor predictivo positivo del 55% y un valor predictivo negativo del 88%. Conclusiones: La determinación de la validez clínica del análisis histológico pone de manifiesto una especificidad elevada. Dicho análisis supone una herramienta diagnóstica apropiada para detectar pacientes sanos, con ausencia de infección.(AU)

Background and aim: Different authors have demonstrated the usefulness of the histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection; however, its clinical validity is still controversial. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the clinical validity of histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic infection in patients undergoing hip or knee prosthetic replacement. Material and methods: We present a retrospective study including 133 hip and knee prosthetic replacements performed in our center between 2008 and 2020. A descriptive, bivariate statistical analysis was performed and the clinical validity of the histological analysis was determined. Outcomes: The clinical validity of the intraoperative histology offered a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 55% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Conclusions: The determination of the clinical validity of histological analysis shows a high specificity. This analysis is an appropriate diagnostic tool for detecting healthy patients, with no infection.(AU)

[Translated article] Clinical validity of the intraoperative histology in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection / Validez clínica de la histología intraoperatoria en el diagnóstico de la infección protésica

Background and aim: Different authors have demonstrated the usefulness of the histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection; however, its clinical validity is still controversial. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the clinical validity of histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic infection in patients undergoing hip or knee prosthetic replacement. Material and methods: We present a retrospective study including 133 hip and knee prosthetic replacements performed in our center between 2008 and 2020. A descriptive, bivariate statistical analysis was performed and the clinical validity of the histological analysis was determined. Outcomes: The clinical validity of the intraoperative histology offered a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 55% and a negative predictive value of 88%. Conclusions: The determination of the clinical validity of histological analysis shows a high specificity. This analysis is an appropriate diagnostic tool for detecting healthy patients, with no infection.(AU)

Antecedentes y objetivo: Diferentes autores han puesto de manifiesto la utilidad del análisis histológico en el diagnóstico de la infección protésica; sin embargo, todavía hoy, su validez clínica es motivo de controversia. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es describir y analizar la validez clínica del análisis histológico en el diagnóstico de infección protésica en el paciente sometido a un recambio protésico de cadera o rodilla. Material y métodos: Se presenta un estudio retrospectivo que incluye 133 recambios protésicos de cadera y rodilla realizados en nuestro centro entre 2008 y 2020. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, bivariado y se determinó la validez clínica del análisis histológico. Resultados: La validez clínica del análisis histológico ofreció una sensibilidad del 48%, una especificidad del 91%, un valor predictivo positivo del 55% y un valor predictivo negativo del 88%. Conclusiones: La determinación de la validez clínica del análisis histológico pone de manifiesto una especificidad elevada. Dicho análisis supone una herramienta diagnóstica apropiada para detectar pacientes sanos, con ausencia de infección.(AU)

[Translated article] Risk factors associated with periprosthetic infection in patients with femoral neck fracture: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Infection is one of the most important local complications in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty. The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze possible risk factors that could be involved in periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed including patients with femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty in the period between January 2015 and December 2017. Cases were defined as patients with femoral neck fracture who after undergoing arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty) had a periprosthetic infection, whose diagnosis was carried out according to the major and minor criteria described in the International Consensus on Musculoskeletal Infections (Philadelphia 2018). In order to mitigate the influence of variables that could be considered confounding variables, a multivariate analysis was carried out. OUTCOMES: A statistically significant association was found between periprosthetic infection and certain variables present at the time of admission, including the presence of moderate or severe anaemia (OR: 10.91; 95% CI: 1.07-111.50; P = .007), thrombocytopenia (OR: 27.72;95% CI: 3.48-221.01; P = .002), history of thromboembolism event (OR: 8.80; 95% CI: 1.31-59.38; P = .026), anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs (OR: 21.36; 95% CI: 3.65-125.12; P = .001) and liver disease (OR: 32.04; 95% CI: 2.59-396.29; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty could be related to the presence of certain variables at the time of hospital admission, including moderate or severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, history of thromboembolic event, anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs or liver disease.

Risk factors associated with periprosthetic infection in patients with femoral neck fracture: A case-control study. / Factores de riesgo asociados a infección periprotésica en el paciente con fractura del cuello femoral: estudio de casos y controles.

BACKGROUND: Infection is one of the most important local complications in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty. The aim of the present study is to describe and analyze possible risk factors that could be involved in periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed including patients with femoral neck fractures treated with arthroplasty in the period between January 2015 and December 2017. Cases were defined as patients with femoral neck fracture who after undergoing arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty) had a periprosthetic infection, whose diagnosis was carried out according to the major and minor criteria described in the International Consensus on Musculoskeletal Infections (Philadelphia 2018). In order to mitigate the influence of variables that could be considered confounding variables, a multivariate analysis was carried out. OUTCOMES: A statistically significant association was found between periprosthetic infection and certain variables present at the time of admission, including the presence of moderate or severe anaemia (OR: 10.91; 95%CI: 1.07-111.50; P=.007), thrombocytopenia (OR: 27.72; 95%CI: 3.48-221.01; P=.002), history of thromboembolism event (OR: 8.80; 95%CI: 1.31-59.38; P=.026), anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs (OR: 21.36; 95%CI: 3.65-125.12; P=.001) and liver disease (OR: 32.04; 95%CI: 2.59-396.29; P=.007). CONCLUSIONS: Periprosthetic infection in the patient with femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty could be related to the presence of certain variables at the time of hospital admission, including moderate or severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, history of thromboembolic event, anxious-depressive disorder in treatment with two or three drugs or liver disease.

Clinical validity of the intraoperative histology in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection. / Validez clínica de la histología intraoperatoria en el diagnóstico de la infección protésica.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Different authors have demonstrated the usefulness of the histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection; however, its clinical validity is still controversial. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the clinical validity of histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic infection in patients undergoing hip or knee prosthetic replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a retrospective study including 133 hip and knee prosthetic replacements performed in our center between 2008 and 2020. A descriptive, bivariate statistical analysis was performed and the clinical validity of the histological analysis was determined. OUTCOMES: The clinical validity of the intraoperative histology offered a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 55% and a negative predictive value of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of the clinical validity of histological analysis shows a high specificity. This analysis is an appropriate diagnostic tool for detecting healthy patients, with no infection.

[Translated article] Clinical validity of the intraoperative histology in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Different authors have demonstrated the usefulness of the histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection; however, its clinical validity is still controversial. The aim of this article is to describe and analyse the clinical validity of histological analysis in the diagnosis of prosthetic infection in patients undergoing hip or knee prosthetic replacement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a retrospective study including 133 hip and knee prosthetic replacements performed in our centre between 2008 and 2020. A descriptive, bivariate statistical analysis was performed and the clinical validity of the histological analysis was determined. OUTCOMES: The clinical validity of the intraoperative histology offered a sensitivity of 48%, a specificity of 91%, a positive predictive value of 55% and a negative predictive value of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of the clinical validity of histological analysis shows a high specificity. This analysis is an appropriate diagnostic tool for detecting healthy patients, with no infection.

[Influence of medical outliers in patients with femoral neck fracture]. / Influencia del ingreso hospitalario ectópico en pacientes con fractura del cuello femoral.

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to describe and analyze how outlier admission influences hospital stay and the appearance of complications in patients with a femoral neck fracture treated with arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A historical cohort study was carried out in which the group of patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck who had an outlier admission was defined as an exposed cohort, that is, they were admitted to a hospitalization area not belonging to the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology department, unlike the unexposed cohort, that included patients admitted to a hospitalization area assigned to the Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology department. RESULTS: Outlier admission was a risk factor for requiring a postoperative transfusion (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.05-2.21; P=.035), to have a postoperative stay longer than 5 days (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04-1.74; P=.038) and to suffer general postoperative complications (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.02-1.78; P=.048). CONCLUSIONS: Outlier admission is a threat to the quality and safety of health care. In patients over 80 years of age, medical outliers is a risk factor for postoperative transfusion and systemic postoperative complications.

Result of the implementation of telematic consultations in orthopaedic surgery and traumatology during COVID-19 laparoscopic surgery. / Resultado de la implantación de consultas telemáticas en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología durante la pandemia COVID-19.

The COVID pandemic has made telematic consultations a basic tool in daily practice. AIMS: The main objective of the study is to assess the results of the application of telematic consultations to limit the mobility of patients. The operational objectives are; to propose a consultation plan, to know how attendance limits consultations and to define which pathologies benefit the most from this plan. METHODS: A scheme is proposed with the creation of pre-scheduled clinic to assess suitability and the possibility of carrying them out in a single non face-to-face act. RESULTS: Phone call to 5,619 patients were made with a lack of response of 19%. The cases of 74% of the patients that answered were resolved virtually. There is a difference between units, obtaining a higher answering rate from patients appointed to specific clinic units, OR = 0.60, or to general trauma ones, OR = 0.67. The lowest answering rate was obtained from those derived from the emergency department. Twenty per cent of the consultations were not accompanied by complementary tests that would have favored the resolution in a single act. The general trauma consultations, OR = 0.34, postoperative control, OR = 0.49, and specific unit ones, OR = 0.40, were the ones that better met this requirement. Out of the remaining patients, the general trauma consultations, OR = 0.50, and those referred to units, OR = 0.54, were the ones that had a higher resolution rate without in- person consultation. CONCLUSIONS: The cases of 74% of the patients who answered the phone call were resolved virtually. Cases of 20% of the patients cannot be solved in a single act because they are derived without complementary tests. Osteosynthesis and postoperative arthroscopic follow-up consultations are the ones that need to be carried out in person the most.

The Kidney, Liver, Index surgery and C reactive protein score is a predictor of treatment response in acute prosthetic joint infection.

PURPOSE: This work seeks to verify the utility of the KLIC score as a predictor of treatment success or failure in patients with knee and hip acute prosthetic joint infections (APJI). These patients were treated in our centre, which is not a prosthetic joint infection reference centre. The KLIC score assesses factors such as chronic kidney failure (2 points) (Kidney), liver disease (1.5 points) (Liver), revision surgery or femoral neck fracture (1.5 points)and cemented prosthesis (2 points) (Index surgery) and a C-reactive protein level (CRP) greater than 11.5 mg/dL (2.5 points), as a predictor of treatment success or failure in patients with knee and hip acute prosthetic joint infections (APJI). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients with APJI who were treated using debridement, antibiotics, irrigation and retention (DAIR) treatment between January 2007 and December 2016. Patients' KLIC scores were calculated. The main outcome was success or failure of DAIR treatment of APJI. RESULTS: DAIR treatment succeeded in 21 cases and failed in nine cases. Differences in outcome were found according to the KLIC score. For KLIC scores >2 and ≤4, there were three successes and zero failures; for scores 4-5, there were nine successes and two failures; for scores >5 and ≤7,there were nine successes and four failures; and for scores >7, there were zero successes and three failures (p = 0.025). We found a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 33% and 100% for scores ≤4 (score for calculations: 3.5), 43% and 84% for scores 4-5 (4.5), 50% and 68% for scores >5 and ≤7 (5.5), and 100% and 76% for scores >7 (7.5), respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.762 (95% confidence interval, 0.569-0.955). CONCLUSIONS: The KLIC score was useful in predicting success or failure of DAIR treatment of APJI. This supports the conclusion that with a score < 3.5, treatment is likely to succeed and with a score of >6, it is likely to fail.

Correction to: The Kidney, Liver, Index surgery and C reactive protein score is a predictor of treatment response in acute prosthetic joint infection.

There is an error in the name of one of the author in the original publication. The correct name is I Rodríguez-Delourme and not Delourne.