Microbiome in cancer progression and therapy.

A myriad of microbes living together with the host constitute microbiota, which possesses very diverse functions in regulation of host physiology. Recently, it has been unequivocally demonstrated that microbiota regulates cancer initiation, progression and responses to therapy. Here we review known pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic function of microbiota and mechanisms how microbes can regulate cancer cells and immune and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment.