[Reflections on some issues of the combined pathology of the upper and lower respiratory tract]. / Razmyshleniya po nekotorym voprosam problemy sochetannoi patologii verkhnikh i nizhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei.

The purpose of this work is to generalize and critically evaluate current literature data on the state of problem of the relationship between acute and chronic diseases of upper and lower respiratory tract. Modern ideas about the mechanisms of relationship of pathological processes of ENT organs with bronchopulmonary pathology are considered. A number of organizational issues are discussed in order to optimize the medical diagnostic process in the pathology of respiratory system.

[The diagnostics and treatment of otogenic intracranial complications]. / Diagnostika i lechenie otogennykh vnutricherepnykh oslozhnenii.

We have undertaken the analysis of medical records of the patients presenting with major otogenic intracranial complications (OICC) including purulent meningitis, brain or cerebellum abscess, and thrombosis of sigmoid sinus. The presence of isolated and combined variants of otogenic intracranial complications was documented in 112 (43%) and 148 (56.9%) patients, respectively. The development of OICC in 80% of the patients was associated with exacerbation of chronic suppurative otitis media; in the remaining 20% of the patients OICC were the consequences of acute suppurative otitis media. Thrombosis of sigmoid sinus as an independent otogenic intracranial complication was documented in 17.5% of the patients while 42.5% of the cases required the treatment by an interdisciplinary team of specialists with the participation of an otorhinolaryngologist, neurologist, intensive care and other professionals. Such approach partly accounts for the relatively low (10.6%) mortality rate among our patients with OICC.

[Specific immunotherapy applied in the otorhionolaryngological practice]. / Spetsificheskaya immunoterapiya v otorinolaringologicheskoi praktike.

The objective of the present study was to formulate the indications for the specific immunotherapy (SIT) of ENT diseases based on the results of the examination and treatment of 1058 patients presenting with allergic rhinitis with special reference to the advantages of this approach over pharmacotherapy. Much attention is given to the adverse reactions associated with the application of immunotherapy and the methods for their correction. Personal opinions of the authors with regard to selected aspects of the use of specific immunotherapy in the otorhionolaryngological practice are presented.

[Zivert-Kartagener's syndrome encountered in the practical work of an otorhionolaryngologist, pulmonologist, obstetrician, and gynecologist]. / Sindrom Ziverta­Kartagenera v praktike LOR-vracha, pul'monologa i akushera-ginekologa.

The objective of the present work was to analyze the current concept of the genetically predetermined condition Zivert-Kartagener's syndrome with special reference to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of this condition, its clinical picture and methods of treatment. The authors' original observations of the patients presenting with Zivert-Kartagener's syndrome are reported.

[Mucoviscidosis, a challenging medical problem]. / Mukovistsidoz ­ aktual'naya problema meditsiny.

The authors present the currently available data on mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis) based on their original experience and the review of the relevant literature. Special attention is given to the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the development of this condition, its diagnostics, and methods of treatment as exemplified by the clinical case of cystic fibrosis in an adult patient.

[Congenital cysts and fistulas on the neck]. / Vrozhdennye kisty i svishchi shei.

This paper presents the currently available data on congenital lateral cysts and fistulas of the neck based on the authors' original experience and the review of the relevant literature. The modern methods for diagnostics and the surgical treatment of these conditions are described and the causes underling the development of their relapses are analyzed. Recommendations for the prevention of congenital cysts and fistulas on the neck are proposed.

[A rare observation of intralaryngeal aberrant goiter]. / Redkoe nablyudenie interlaringeal'nogo aberrantnogo zoba.

This paper was designed to report a rare observation of intralaryngeal aberrant goiter associated with goiter of the main thyroid tissue and chronic suppurative otitis media complicated by the polyp that causes occlusion of the auditory passage. The histomorphological investigation of the material harvested intraoperatively following rehabilitation of the purulent focus in the middle ear and the removal of the tumour from the inside of the right vestibular fold confirmed the diagnosis of colloid goiter.

[About the unresolved problems of terminology and classification of allergic rhinitis and the desirability of distinguishing the mixed form of the disease]. / O nereshennykh voprosakh terminologii i klassifikatsii allergicheskogo rinita.

This article deals with the history of the development of terminology and classification of allergic (vasomotor) rhinitis during the last 50 years.

[The use of propolis-based therapy in otorhionolaryngology]. / Propolisoterapiya v otorinolaringologii.

The authors analyze the literature publications and the results of their original investigations concerning the application of the propolis-based pharmacological products for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract and ears. The desirability of the more extensive application of the propolis-containing medicines in the routine otorhinolaryngological practice is emphasized bearing in mind their numerous biological effects including antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, anti-oxidative, anesthetic, and cytostatic actions.

[The role of disturbances of lipid metabolism in pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis].

Physiological normal levels of total cholesterol, total lipids, total protein, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malonic dialdehyde, and total antioxidant activity were determined for the first time in nasal secretion of volunteer donors (n = 24). Excessive lipid peroxidation and suppression of antioxidant protection system were documented in 70 patients with round-the-year allergic rhinitis of whom 26 and 44 presented with the mild and moderately forms of the disease, respectively. The clinical efficiency of polyoxidonium (Russia) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis has been demonstrated. This preparation reduces the intensity of lipid peroxidation and strengthens the antioxidant protection of the organism. The results of the study confirm the high efficacy of combined therapy of allergic rhinitis with aerius and polyoxidonium.

[On certain aspects of the problem of chronic tonsillitis].

Based on the current literature data and the results of original studies on the role of non-infectious (atopic) allergy in pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis (CT), the author considers it unjustified under the current state of the art to characterize CT as an infectious allergic disease. He maintains that the classification of chronic tonsillitis proposed by Preobrazhensky and Pal'chun remains the most acceptable one for the practical purposes.

[Treatment of otogenic intracranial complications. Therapeutic and diagnostic difficulties].

The article presents the results of clinical, laboratory, CT and MRT examination and treatment of patients with otogenic intracranial complications (OIC) hospitalized to ENT clinics for the last 10 years. The statistics show that the number of OIC patients tends to decrease for the last 40 years. This may be explained by perfection of specialized ENT service in backcountry rural districts. It is emphasized that use of antibiotics and other anti-inflammatory drugs before hospitalization changes a clinical OIC picture and complicates early diagnosis especially the diagnosis of cerebral and cerebellar abscesses.

[Treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with hypothyroidism].

Fifty five patients with allergic rhinitis and moderate hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis have undergone clinical, functional, hormonal, immunological and allergological examinations. Of them, 45 patients received a course of treatment with thyroid hormones and antiallergic drugs while 10 patients received replacement hormonal therapy only. The results of the study demonstrate that treatment of allergic rhinitis associated with hypothyroidism is more effective if antiallergic drugs are added to replacement hormonal therapy.

[Modern characteristics of clinical course and treatment of otogenic purulent meningitis]. / Nekotorye osobennosti klinicheskogo techeniia i lecheniia otogennogo gnoinogo meningita v sovremennykh usloviiakh.

A total of 170 patients aged 2.5 to 60 years have received treatment for otogenic meningitis caused by acute (n=37, 21.2%) or chronic otitis media (n=137, 78.2%). Otogenic meningitis ran atypically with masked clinical manifestations in 32.2% patients. It is thought justified to repeat an antibiotic injection into the cerebrospinal canal in a severe course of meningitis, especially in combination of meningitis with other forms of intracranial complications. If clinical signs of acute otitis media and meningitis manifested weakly and, therefore, otogenic nature of meningitis is questionable, it is recommended to implement an expectant treatment policy. The absence of noticeable positive shifts in the course of the disease after several days of intensive conservative treatment is an indication for surgical intervention.

[Drainage of cerebral and cerebellar abscesses with "cigar"-shape draining tampon]. / Drenirovanie abstsessov mozga i mozzhechka "sigarnym" tamponom-drenazhom.

The treatment was given to 95 patients aged 5 to 63 years with temporal (n = 86) and cerebellar abscesses (n = 9). Most of the patients were hospitalized after home treatment with antibiotics which complicated the diagnosis because of atypical course of the disease induced by them. The "cigar" tampon was used for draining brain abscess. The cover of the tampon was made not of the glove rubber but of a baby's rubber dummy and a rubber pipette cap. Holes were cut in the walls of the latter and gauze turundas inserted. The results of such manipulation were favourable. Therefore, it is recommended to use a modified "cigar" tampon-drain in the treatment of otogenic abscesses of the brain and cerebellum.