RESUMO
We examined the influence of prenatal stress on alcohol preference in adult female rats exposed to an intense stress. To take into account interindividual variability, the study was conducted in animals categorized as low or high alcohol preferring. After footshock, control high-preferring rats strongly reduced their alcohol consumption; in contrast, alcohol consumption was not changed in high-preferring rats that were prenatally stressed.
Assuntos
Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/fisiopatologia , Alcoolismo/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/fisiopatologia , Estresse Fisiológico/complicações , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiopatologia , Adaptação Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Adaptação Psicológica/fisiologia , Transtornos do Sistema Nervoso Induzidos por Álcool/etiologia , Alcoolismo/etiologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Animais , Transtornos de Ansiedade/etiologia , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos adversos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Estimulação Elétrica/efeitos adversos , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Gravidez , RatosRESUMO
Visible (Vis) and near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was explored as a tool to trace muscles from autochthonous and crossbreed pigs from Uruguay. Muscles were sourced from two breeds, namely, the Pampa-Rocha (PR) and the Pampa-Rocha x Duroc (PRxD) crossbreed. Minced muscles were scanned in the Vis and NIR regions (400-2,500 nm) in a monochromator instrument in reflectance. Principal component analysis (PCA), discriminant partial least square regression (DPLS), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on PCA scores and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) were used to identify the origin of the muscles based on Vis and NIR data. Full cross validation was used as validation method when classification models were developed. DPLS correctly classified 87% of PR and 78% of PRxD muscle samples. LDA calibration models correctly classified 87 and 67% of muscles as PR and PRxD, respectively. SIMCA correctly classified 100% of PR muscles. The results demonstrated the usefulness of Vis and NIR spectra combined with chemometrics as rapid method for authentication and identification of muscles according to the breed of pig.
Assuntos
Músculos/química , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodos , Animais , Estudos de Viabilidade , Linhagem , Sus scrofa , UruguaiRESUMO
Taurine plays a role in neuronal development. In this study, we examined whether postnatal taurine administration influences the long-term consequences induced by mild neonatal stressors (10 min maternal deprivation plus sham injection, applied daily to neonatal mice up to 21 days). At 30 days of age stressed mice showed higher pain threshold both in the tail-flick--which measures mostly the spinal mechanisms of pain--and in the hot-plate test--which reflects mainly the supraspinal mechanisms of pain. The latter effect was prevented completely by neonatal taurine administration, while the tail-flick test was not affected, thus suggesting that spinal pain is not sensitive to taurine treatment. At 140 days of age, mice which were stressed during the neonatal period showed consistent decrease in immobility time in forced swimming test, and taurine did not influence this parameter. At the same age, the fear/anxiety axis, measured with elevated plus maze test, did not show any consistent changes. Electrophysiological experiments in brain slices obtained from adult mice showed that input-output curves in hippocampal CA1 were increased by taurine administration in lactation. Hence, neonatal administration of taurine might permanently modify the functioning of hippocampus, a brain area which is known to be crucial for learning and memory.