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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 37(6): 361-366, jun.-jul. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-189341

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Determinar la proporción de personas con infección por VIH o sida que se encontraban en seguimiento en la cohorte VACH en 2012 y que resultaron perdidas del mismo en 2013 y 2014, así como establecer las características sociodemográficas relacionadas con dicha pérdida. MÉTODOS: Consideramos perdidos del seguimiento a los sujetos con menos de un registro de consulta por año analizado. Construimos modelos de regresión logística para la estimación de las razones de ventajas (odds ratio [OR]) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95%) de las variables relacionadas con la pérdida de seguimiento. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje global de pérdidas en seguimiento fue del 15,5% (IC del 95%: 14,9-16,1). Las variables asociadas con la pérdida de seguimiento fueron no recibir tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) (OR: 1,948; IC del 95: 1,651-2,298), ser inmigrante (OR: 1,746; IC del 95: 1,494-2,040), el consumo de fármacos por vía intravenosa como mecanismo de transmisión del VIH (OR: 1,498; IC del 95: 1,312-1,711), encontrarse en situación de desempleo (OR: 1,331; IC del 95: 1,179-1,503), no tener pareja (OR: 1,948, IC del 95: 1,651-1,298), pertenecer a un estrato socioeconómico bajo (OR: 1,279; IC del 95: 1,143-1,431) y ser atendido en un hospital con menos de 1.000 pacientes en seguimiento (OR: 1,257; IC del 95%: 1,121-1,457), además de menor edad y menos tiempo de seguimiento en la cohorte. CONCLUSIONES: El 15,5% de los pacientes fueron perdidos del seguimiento en un periodo de 2años en la cohorte VACH. Ello se asoció a una serie de variables sociodemográficas y epidemiológicas, cuya identificación puee ser útil para diseñar iniciativas focalizadas sobre las poblaciones más susceptibles de abandonar los circuitos asistenciales y a orientar estrategias diseñadas a la consecución del objetivo 90-90-90


OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of people infected by HIV or AIDS under follow-up in the VACH Cohort in 2012 who were lost to follow-up from 2013 to 2014, and to establish the sociodemographic features relating to this loss. METHODS: We considered subjects with less than one recorded consultation per year studied to be lost to follow-up. We built logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), of the variables relating to loss to follow-up. RESULTS: The overall percentage of losses to follow-up was 15.5% (95% CI 14.9-16-1). The variables associated with loss to follow up were: not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651 -2.298), being an immigrant (OR: 1.746; 95%CI: 1.494-2.040), intravenous drug consumption being the mechanism for HIV transmission (OR: 1.498, 95% CI: 1.312-1.711), being unemployed (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.179-1.503), being without a partner (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651-1.298), belonging to a low socioeconomic class (OR: 1.279; 95% CI: 1.143-1.431), and being attended in a hospital with fewer than 1000 patients under follow-up (OR: 1.257, 95% CI: 1.121-1.457), as well as being under age and having spent less time under follow-up in the Cohort. CONCLUSIONS: 15.5% of the patients were lost to follow-up over a period of 2 years in the VACH Cohort. This was associated with a series of sociodemographic and epidemiological variables that it might be useful to identify to design initiatives targeting the populations most likely to abandon the circuits of care, and guide strategies towards achieving Objective 90-90-90


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Perda de Seguimento , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Intervalos de Confiança , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Risco
2.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30514587

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of people infected by HIV or AIDS under follow-up in the VACH Cohort in 2012 who were lost to follow-up from 2013 to 2014, and to establish the sociodemographic features relating to this loss. METHODS: We considered subjects with less than one recorded consultation per year studied to be lost to follow-up. We built logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), of the variables relating to loss to follow-up. RESULTS: The overall percentage of losses to follow-up was 15.5% (95% CI 14.9-16-1). The variables associated with loss to follow up were: not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651 -2.298), being an immigrant (OR: 1.746; 95%CI: 1.494-2.040), intravenous drug consumption being the mechanism for HIV transmission (OR: 1.498, 95% CI: 1.312-1.711), being unemployed (OR: 1.331; 95% CI: 1.179-1.503), being without a partner (OR: 1.948, 95% CI: 1.651-1.298), belonging to a low socioeconomic class (OR: 1.279; 95% CI: 1.143-1.431), and being attended in a hospital with fewer than 1000 patients under follow-up (OR: 1.257, 95% CI: 1.121-1.457), as well as being under age and having spent less time under follow-up in the Cohort. CONCLUSIONS: 15.5% of the patients were lost to follow-up over a period of 2years in the VACH Cohort. This was associated with a series of sociodemographic and epidemiological variables that it might be useful to identify to design initiatives targeting the populations most likely to abandon the circuits of care, and guide strategies towards achieving Objective 90-90-90.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Perda de Seguimento , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Demografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sociológicos , Espanha , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Angiología ; 58(5): 397-403, sept.-oct. 2006. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-048704

RESUMO

Introducción. Las neoplasias de la cabeza y el cuello pueden invadir los vasos cervicales. La mayoría son del área otorrinolaringológica y, excepcionalmente, de partes blandas. El tratamiento incluye su extirpación con resección y reconstrucción vascular. Se presenta un caso de angioleiomiosarcoma carotídeo. Caso clínico. Mujer de 48 años con tumoración laterocervical derecha de consistencia sólida y dura y de crecimiento progresivo, adherida al tiroides, que desplaza el paquete vasculonervioso del cuello y comprime la vena yugular interna. En una primera intervención se extirpa un tumor encapsulado que se extiende desde el espacio retroclavicular hasta el ángulo mandibular; dicho tumor se considera un angioleiomioma. Tres años más tarde se produce una recidiva tumoral, y la paciente es intervenida de nuevo, pues es necesario seccionar la arteria carótida primitiva infiltrada y realizar una anastomosis terminoterminal (con la colaboración del Servicio de Cirugía Vascular). La biopsia revela un nuevo angioleiomioma con un aumento del índice mitótico. Un año después la paciente presenta una gigantesca masa cervical y es de nuevo intervenida conjuntamente por el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial y el Servicio de Cirugía Vascular. Debido al englobamiento carotídeo, se reseca en bloque toda la lesión con la interposición de un injerto de dacron terminoterminal desde la arteria carótida primitiva proximal hasta la bifurcación carotídea. El informe anatomopatológico comunica angioleiomiosarcoma. Conclusión. La colaboración de especialistas en cirugía vascular en intervenciones complejas de tumores cervicales puede permitir resecciones más amplias seguidas de reconstrucción vascular, y evitar así recidivas y mejorar el pronóstico


Introduction. Neoplasias of the head and neck can lead to invasion of the cervical vessels. Most of these occur in the ORL area and are, exceptionally, soft tissue tumours. Treatment involves removal with resection and vascular reconstruction. We report a case of carotid angioleiomyosarcoma. Case report. A 48-year-old female with a slow-growing, hard, solid tumour on the right side of the neck which was attached to the thyroid gland and displaced the neurovascular bundle of the neck and compressed the internal jugular vein. In the first intervention an encapsulated tumour that ran from the retroclavicular space to the mandibular angle was removed; this tumour was considered to be an angioleiomyoma. Three years later, a tumour reappeared, and the patient was submitted to surgery again, since it was necessary to perform the section of the primitive carotid artery under anaesthesia and also an end-to-end anastomosis (with the collaboration of the Vascular Surgery Service). A biopsy study revealed a new angioleiomyoma with an increased mitotic index. A year later the patient presented with a huge cervical mass and was newly submitted to surgery carried out by a joint team from the Maxillofacial Surgery and the Vascular Surgery Services. Due to the carotid ballooning, the whole lesion was excised and an end-to-end dacron graft was placed from the proximal primitive carotid artery to the carotid bifurcation. Pathological report: angioleiomyosarcoma. Conclusions. The collaboration between specialists in vascular surgery in complex procedures carried out to treat cervical tumours can make it possible to perform wider resections followed by vascular reconstruction, thus preventing recurrences and improve the patient’s prognosis


Assuntos
Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Artérias Carótidas , Leiomiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Leiomiossarcoma/cirurgia , Angiomioma/diagnóstico , Angiomioma/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/cirurgia , Neoplasias Vasculares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Vasculares/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia
4.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(2): 96-117, feb. 2006. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-043739

RESUMO

Objetivo. Efectuar una puesta al día de las alteraciones metabólicas y morfológicas presentes en los pacientes con infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), ahondando en su manejo clínico y tratamiento. Métodos. Estas recomendaciones han sido consensuadas por un comité de expertos en alteraciones metabólicas y en la atención al paciente con VIH, bajo los auspicios de la Secretaría del Plan Nacional sobre el Sida (PNS). Para ello se han revisado los últimos avances clínicos, epidemiológicos y fisiopatológicos reseñados en estudios publicados en las revistas médicas y/o presentados en los congresos. Resultados. Las alteraciones metabólicas que con mayor frecuencia aparecen en los pacientes con infección por VIH y en tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) son la dislipidemia con perfil aterogénico y las alteraciones del metabolismo hidrocarbonado/resistencia a la insulina. Se ha descrito una elevada prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, especialmente el tabaquismo. Para su manejo se han utilizado los mismos criterios que para la población general, con matices específicos. La dieta y el ejercicio deben ser la primera recomendación terapéutica. En los pacientes con dislipidemia y necesidad de tratamiento farmacológico, estarían indicadas las estatinas y/o los fibratos. En el tratamiento de la resistencia a la insulina las glitazonas han demostrado su eficacia. El abordaje del reparto anómalo de la grasa sigue siendo controvertido. El cambio de TAR, la cirugía reparadora, el soporte psicológico y los cambios de estilo de vida son las bases para abordar este problema en el momento actual. La acidosis láctica es una complicación infrecuente pero muy grave, siendo la primera actitud terapéutica la retirada del TAR. En cuanto a las alteraciones del metabolismo óseo son fundamentales la prevención y la detección precoz, especialmente en mujeres perimenopáusicas y niños. La disfunción sexual es un problema frecuente tanto en varones como en mujeres; la diversidad de causas obliga a un tratamiento individualizado. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de alteraciones metabólicas y morfológicas ha aumentado desde la introducción del tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad (TARGA). Es fundamental el conocimiento de los diversos aspectos relacionados con su diagnóstico y tratamiento para una correcta atención de los pacientes con infección por VIH (AU)


Objective. To provide an update of the metabolic and morphologic alterations in patients infected with HIV with an in-depth analysis of their clinical management and treatment. Methods. These recommendations were agreed by consensus by a committee of experts in metabolic alterations and HIV patient care, under the auspices of the Secretariat for the National AIDS Plan. To do this, the latest clinical, epidemiological and physiopathological advances described in studies published in the scientific literature and/or presented in congresses were reviewed. Results. The most frequent metabolic alterations in HIV patients and in antiretroviral treatment (ART) are dyslipidemia with an atherogenic profile and alterations in carbohydrate metabolism/insulin resistance. A high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, especially smoking, has been described. The same criteria for their management as those used in the general population have been employed, with specific nuances. Diet and exercise should be the first therapeutic recommendation. In patients with dyslipidemia who require drug treatment, statins and /or fibrates are indicated. Glitazones have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of insulin resistance. The approach to anomalous fat distribution continues to be controversial. The main approaches at present are a switch of ART, reparative surgery, psychological support and lifestyle changes. Lactic acidosis is an infrequent but highly serious complication, and the first step is withdrawal of ART. In bone metabolism alterations, prevention and early detection are essential, especially in children and perimenopausal women. Sexual dysfunction is a frequent problem in both men and women; because the causes are highly varied, treatment should be individualized. Conclusions. The prevalence of metabolic and morphologic alterations has increased since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART). Knowledge of the various aspects involved in their diagnosis and treatment is essential for the appropriate care of patients with HIV infection (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de Lipodistrofia Associada ao HIV , Acidose Láctica/etiologia , Acidose Láctica/prevenção & controle , Algoritmos , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/etiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/prevenção & controle , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/etiologia , Resistência à Insulina , Disfunções Sexuais Psicogênicas/prevenção & controle , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Hiperlipidemias/prevenção & controle
5.
Angiología ; 57(4): 345-351, jul.-ago. 2005. ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-039838

RESUMO

Introducción. El sarcoma fibromixoide de bajo grado (SFMBJ) es un sarcoma de partes blandas caracterizado por una histología aparentemente benigna y un curso clínico indolente y maligno, como consecuencia del desarrollo de recurrencias locales y metástasis a distancia. La cirugía constituye el tratamiento de elección. Caso clínico. Varón de 17 años que presenta tumoración indolora en ingle derecha de 3 meses de evolución. En la primera exploración se aprecia un nódulo duro y fijo en ingle derecha, que con angio-RM se encuentra por delante de los vasos femorales. La punción aspirativa con aguja fina (PAAF) es compatible con tumor mesenquimal benigno, por lo que se opta por un tratamiento conservador. Tres años después, la masa experimenta un crecimiento rápido. Una segunda PAAF emite el diagnóstico de tumor mesenquimal, mixoide y fusocelular de baja agresividad. Los estudios de imagen revelan que el tumor afecta a la arteria femoral común derecha. Para la resección completa se necesita extraer en bloque el tumor con la arteria femoral y su bifurcación, con la interposición de un injerto de vena safena. El estudio anatomopatológico establece el diagnóstico de SFMBJ. Al existir infiltración tumoral de los bordes quirúrgicos, el paciente recibe radioterapia local externa. Conclusión. Tras 6 años de control clínico, el injerto vascular está permeable y no existen indicios de recidiva tumoral, ni local ni a distancia


INTRODUCTION. Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a sarcoma affecting soft tissues that is characterised by apparently benign histological features and an indolent, malign clinical course resulting from the development of local recurrences and distant metastasis. Surgery is the referred treatment. CASE REPORT. We report the case of a 17-year-old male who had had a painless tumour in the right-hand side of the groin for 3 months. An initial exploration revealed a hard, fixed nodule in the right groin, which MR-angiography showed to be lying in front of the femoral vessels. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is compatible with benign mesenchymal tumours, and conservative treatment was therefore chosen. Three years later, the mass began to grow quickly. A second FNA provided a diagnosis of a mesenchymal, myxoid, spindle-cell tumour with a low level of aggressiveness. Imaging studies revealed that the tumour affected the right common femoral artery. To perform the complete resection, the whole tumour had to be extracted in one piece along with the femoral artery and its bifurcation, and placement of a saphenous vein graft was carried out. A pathological study confirmed the diagnosis of LGFMS. Because the tumour had infiltrated into the surgical margins, the patient was submitted to local external radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS. After 6 years of clinical control, the vascular graft remains patent and there are no signs of recurrence of the tumour, either locally or at a distance


Assuntos
Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Fibroma/cirurgia , Sarcoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/cirurgia , Virilha/patologia , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Mesenquimoma/patologia , Artéria Femoral/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia
6.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 23(4): 221-31, 2005 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15826548

RESUMO

Since the early days of antiretroviral therapy, adherence has emerged as the milestone of success; in fact, it is the most potent predictor of effectiveness. The main factors related to adherence include the complexity of the therapeutic regimen, adverse effects, psychological problems, alcoholism and active addiction to drugs, lack of social and family support and the patient's beliefs and attitudes about the treatment. Adherence monitoring should be part of the HIV patient's regular care, and should be done with feasible, easily applied methods adapted to the different clinical settings. The minimally acceptable measures should include use of a validated questionnaire, together with data from the Pharmacy Department's drug dispensation registry. All patients that begin HAART or undergo a change of treatment should participate in a treatment education program imparted by health professionals with knowledge and experience in the management of patients with HIV infection. The health team (doctors, pharmacists and nursing professionals) should offer maximum availability to solve the doubts and problems that may occur during treatment. When sub-optimal adherence is detected, intervention strategies based on psychological therapy, educational efforts and personal advice should be attempted, in order to adapt the treatment scheme to the patient's habits and provide solutions to the problem of non-compliance. In certain situations, co-morbid conditions will also require attention. Treatment adherence, being a multidimensional problem, needs a multidisciplinary team approach. The choice of therapy, only one aspect of the multidimensional problem of adherence, must be a careful and individualized decision; however, simpler regimens with regard to the number of pills and daily dose are desirable.


Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Cooperação do Paciente , Algoritmos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/sangue , Atitude , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Esquema de Medicação , Embalagem de Medicamentos/instrumentação , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/enfermagem , Infecções por HIV/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Motivação , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Papel do Médico , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Técnicas Psicológicas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
7.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 23(4): 221-231, abr. 2005. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-036174

RESUMO

El cumplimiento incorrecto del tratamiento antirretroviral(TAR) constituye el factor principal de fracaso terapéutico. Los factores que han demostrado estar relacionados con la adherencia de forma más relevante incluyen la complejidad del tratamiento, los efectos secundarios, los problemas psicológicos, la adicción activa a drogas y/o alcohol, la falta de soporte socio familiar y las actitudes y creencias del paciente acerca del tratamiento. La monitorización del cumplimiento debe formar parte de la atención habitual del paciente con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), deben utilizarse métodos factibles, adaptados a la realidad del hospital y lo más universalmente aplicables. Puede considerarse un mínimo aceptable la asociación de un cuestionario validado y el registro de dispensación del servicio de farmacia. Todo paciente que inicie o cambie el tipo de TAR debe realizar un programa de educación sanitaria sobre el tratamiento, a cargo de profesionales sanitarios con experiencia y conocimiento del manejo de pacientes con infección por VIH. Debe procurarse la máxima disponibilidad del equipo asistencial (médicos, farmacéuticos y profesionales de enfermería) para resolverlas dudas y problemas que se presenten a lo largo del tratamiento. En los pacientes en los que no se alcancen niveles de cumplimiento adecuados, se deben intentar estrategias de intervención, basadas en aspectos psico-educativos y de asesoramiento personal, con capacidad para adaptar el esquema del TAR a los hábitos de vida del paciente y proporcionando estrategias de resolución de problemas. En determinadas situaciones será necesario resolverla comorbilidad, por lo tanto el enfoque debe ser pluridisciplinar. Son aconsejables pautas más sencillas en cuanto a número de comprimidos y a dosis diarias (AU)


Since the early days of antiretroviral therapy, adherence has emerged as the milestone of success; in fact, it is the most potent predictor of effectiveness. The main factors related to adherence include the complexity of the therapeutic regimen, adverse effects, psychological problems, alcoholism and active addiction to drugs, lack of social and family support and the patient’s beliefs and attitudes about the treatment. Adherence monitoring should be part of the HIV patient’s regular care, and should be done with feasible, easily applied methods adapted to the different clinical settings. The minimally acceptable measures should include use of a validated questionnaire, together with data from the Pharmacy Department’s drug dispensation registry. All patients that begin HAART or under go a change of treatment should participate in a treatment education program imparted by health professionals with knowledge and experience in the management of patients with HIV infection. The health team (doctors, pharmacists and nursing professionals) should offer maximum availability to solve the doubts and problems that may occur during treatment. When sub-optimal adherence is detected, intervention strategies based on psychological therapy, educational efforts and personal advice should be attempted, in order to adapt the treatment scheme to the patient’s habits and provide solutions to the problem of non-compliance. In certain situations, co-morbid conditions will also require attention. Treatment adherence, being a multidimensional problem, needs a multidisciplinary team approach. The choice of therapy, only one aspect of the multidimensional problem of adherence, must be a careful and individualized decision; however, simpler regimens with regard to the number of pills and daily dose are desirable (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Cooperação do Paciente , Fármacos Anti-HIV/sangue , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Embalagem de Medicamentos/instrumentação , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/complicações , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia
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