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1.
Rev. osteoporos. metab. miner. (Internet) ; 10(1): 30-36, mar. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-172779

RESUMO

Objetivos: Evaluar la prevención, el diagnóstico precoz y la formación recibida de la osteoporosis en la Pediatría de nuestro medio. Material y métodos: Encuesta dirigida a facultativos de Pediatría de Atención Primaria (AP) y Atención Especializada (AE) que valora su actividad en prevención, detección y formación recibida en osteoporosis, y que fue difundida a través de las sociedades científicas pertinentes. Resultados: Participaron 420 pediatras (324 de AP y 96 de AE). El 93,5% de los pediatras de AP y el 89,6% de los de AE valoraban la actividad física de los pacientes; el 85,19% y 35,4% de ellos, respectivamente, la ingesta de lácteos. El 45,68% de AP y el 70,2% de AE suplementaban con calcio y vitamina D ante aporte nutricional bajo, realizándoles seguimiento el 39,2% de AP y el 47,2% de AE. El 39,6% de pediatras de AE solicitaba densitometría ósea ante enfermedad o tratamiento de riesgo, y el 47,9% medía los niveles de 25-OH-vitamina D. El 25,93% de AP y el 45,3% de AE preguntaban por la existencia de fracturas, el 90,4% y 96,8% valoraban el mecanismo etiopatogénico. El 40% de AP y el 86,2% de AE solicitaban una densitometría ósea o derivaban al especialista ante fracturas por traumatismos de baja energía, con criterios específicos en el 13,7% y 5,86%, respectivamente. El 92% de AP y el 82,3% de AE no habían recibido formación reciente en osteoporosis infantil. Conclusión: La detección, los circuitos de derivación y la formación de los pediatras respecto a la salud ósea en nuestro país es mejorable. Optimizar estos aspectos es fundamental para favorecer el pico de masa ósea en nuestra población


Objectives: To assess prevention, early diagnosis and training received regarding osteoporosis among the pediatrics professionals in our area. Material and methods: Survey directed to physicians of pediatricians of Primary Care (PC) and Specialized Care (SC) in order to evaluate their activity in prevention, detection and training received in osteoporosis. The survey was disseminated through the relevant scientific societies. Results: 420 pediatricians participated (324 from PC and 96 from SC). 93.5% of PC pediatricians and 89.6% of SC pediatricians valued the physical activity of the patients; 85.19% and 35.4% of them, respectively, the intake of dairy products. 45.68% of PC and 70.2% of SC recommended calcium and vitamin D supplements in the case of low nutritional intake, whereas 39.2% of PC and 47.2% of SC favored follow-up. 39.6% of SC pediatricians requested bone densitometry for this disease or risk treatment, and 47.9% measured the levels of 25-OH-vitamin D. 25.93% of PC and 45.3% of SC asked about the existence of fractures, 90.4% and 96.8% requested etiopathogenic mechanism. 40% of PC and 86.2% of SC requested a bone densitometry or referred to the specialist for fractures due to low trauma energy, with specific criteria in 13.7% and 5.86%, respectively. 92% of PC and 82.3% of SC had not received recent training in childhood osteoporosis. Conclusion: Detection, derivation circuits and the training of pediatricians regarding bone health in our country can be improved. Optimizing these aspects is essential to favor the peak of bone mass in our population


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Precoce , Osteoporose/prevenção & controle , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Comportamento Alimentar
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 81(6): 399.e1-7, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25441207

RESUMO

Osteoporosis is being increasingly recognised in paediatric practice as a consequence of the increasing life expectancy of children who suffer from chronic diseases and other factors. There are many non-pharmacological measures that can improve children' bone health, for example, avoiding inflammatory activity and osteotoxic treatments; increasing sun exposure and weight-bearing exercise, and maintaining an adequate nutritional status. Vitamin D and calcium supplements have been proposed as a measure to increase bone mass, but their effect and therapeutic indications are not completely clear. On the other hand, bisphosphonates are currently the only pharmacological alternative for the patients with infantile secondary osteoporosis. However, more studies are required on the therapeutic indications, posology, and long term secondary effects of biphosphonates. The aim of this article is to analyze the scientific evidence of the effectiveness of the therapeutic alternatives for childhood secondary osteoporosis and their safety in children.


Assuntos
Osteoporose/terapia , Adulto , Criança , Suplementos Nutricionais , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Osteoporose/etiologia
5.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 81(6): 399.e1-399.e7, dic. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-130826

RESUMO

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad cada vez más prevalente en el niño debido al aumento de la esperanza de vida de los enfermos crónicos pediátricos, entre otros factores. Existen múltiples medidas no farmacológicas que han demostrado mejorar la salud ósea en los niños con enfermedad crónica, como son el control de la enfermedad de base, minimizar tratamientos osteotóxicos, aumentar la exposición solar y el ejercicio que soporta peso, así como una adecuada nutrición. La suplementación con vitamina D y calcio ha sido propuesta como medida favorecedora de la formación ósea, aunque sus efectos e indicaciones no están completamente aclarados. Además, el tratamiento con bifosfonatos es la única alternativa farmacológica que existe en la actualidad para los pacientes con osteoporosis infantil secundaria. Sin embargo, aún se necesitan más estudios para aclarar sus indicaciones, posología y efectos secundarios a largo plazo. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la evidencia científica existente hasta la fecha de la efectividad de las alternativas terapéuticas comentadas, así como la seguridad de las mismas en niños, en especial de los bifosfonatos


Osteoporosis is being increasingly recognised in paediatric practice as a consequence of the increasing life expectancy of children who suffer from chronic diseases and other factors. There are many non-pharmacological measures that can improve children’ bone health, for example, avoiding inflammatory activity and osteotoxic treatments; increasing sun exposure and weight-bearing exercise, and maintaining an adequate nutritional status. Vitamin D and calcium supplements have been proposed as a measure to increase bone mass, but their effect and therapeutic indications are not completely clear. On the other hand, bisphosphonates are currently the only pharmacological alternative for the patients with infantile secondary osteoporosis. However, more studies are required on the therapeutic indications, posology, and long term secondary effects of biphosphonates. The aim of this article is to analyze the scientific evidence of the effectiveness of thetherapeutic alternatives for childhood secondary osteoporosis and their safety in children


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Doença Crônica/epidemiologia , Osteoporose/epidemiologia , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Difosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Corticosteroides/efeitos adversos , Exercício Físico , Suplementos Nutricionais
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 81(1): 3-8, jul. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-124206

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La bronquiolitis aguda (BA) es una enfermedad muy prevalente, con una elevada tasa de hospitalización estacional. Su manejo requiere de interpretaciones clínicas homogéneas, para lo cual existen diversas aproximaciones a través de escalas, ninguna de la cuales están validadas en la actualidad. OBJETIVO: Creación de una Escala de Severidad de la BA (ESBA) y su validación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Elaboración de un constructo con parámetros graduales de puntuación acumulativa de la frecuencia respiratoria, frecuencia cardiaca, esfuerzo respiratorio, auscultación de sibilancias y crepitantes y relación inspiración/espiración. Validación de la ESBA sobre pacientes diagnosticados de BA; la fiabilidad medida a través de la observación del comportamiento de su consistencia interna, test-retest, validez externa y concordancia interobservadores. RESULTADOS: Sobre un total de 290 mediciones, se obtuvo una fiabilidad para un alfa de Cronbach del 0,784, índice de acuerdo Kappa del 0,93 en el test-retest y un índice de acuerdo Kappa del 0,682 (α<0,05) para la concordancia entre observadores. CONCLUSIONES: La ESBA puede ser un instrumento de fiable para medir la gravedad de la BA


INTRODUCTION: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is a very common disease, with a high rate of seasonal hospitalization. Its management requires homogeneous clinical interpretations for which there are different approaches depending on the scales, none of which are properly validated today. OBJECTIVE: To create an AB severity scale (ABSS) and to validate it. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The development of a parameterized construct with a gradual cumulative score of respiratory rate, heart rate, respiratory effort, auscultation of wheezing and crackles, and the inspiration/expiration ratio. Also, the validation of the ABSS performed on patients diagnosed with AB, the reliability measured by observing the behavior of internal consistency, test-retest, external validity and inter-observer agreement. RESULTS: From a total of 290 measurements a Cronbach's reliability alpha of 0.83 was obtained; Kappa agreement index of 0.93 in the test-retest agreement, and Kappa index of 0.682 (α<0.05) for inter-observer agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The ABSS can be a reliable tool for measuring the severity of AB


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Bronquiolite/fisiopatologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Doença Aguda , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Testes de Função Respiratória/métodos , Testes de Função Cardíaca/métodos
7.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 81(1): 3-8, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24103250

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Acute bronchiolitis (AB) is a very common disease, with a high rate of seasonal hospitalization. Its management requires homogeneous clinical interpretations for which there are different approaches depending on the scales, none of which are properly validated today. OBJECTIVE: To create an AB severity scale (ABSS) and to validate it. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The development of a parameterized construct with a gradual cumulative score of respiratory rate, heart rate, respiratory effort, auscultation of wheezing and crackles, and the inspiration/expiration ratio. Also, the validation of the ABSS performed on patients diagnosed with AB, the reliability measured by observing the behavior of internal consistency, test-retest, external validity and inter-observer agreement. RESULTS: From a total of 290 measurements a Cronbach's reliability alpha of 0.83 was obtained; Kappa agreement index of 0.93 in the test-retest agreement, and Kappa index of 0.682 (α<0.05) for inter-observer agreement. CONCLUSIONS: The ABSS can be a reliable tool for measuring the severity of AB.


Assuntos
Bronquiolite/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Doença Aguda , Técnicas de Diagnóstico do Sistema Respiratório/normas , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
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