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1.
Rev Neurol ; 62(8): 357-60, 2016 Apr 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27064915

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Over recent years, several types of freezing of gait (FOG) have been described, mainly according to their response to levodopa. FOG in Parkinson's disease presents in a variety of ways due to differences within the underlying pathophysiology. In a number of patients, increasing the dopaminergic stimulation may not improve this condition, and may even worsen it. CASE REPORTS: We present two patients with Parkinson's disease who were evaluated during off, on and supra-on periods. Motor function was assessed with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III, tapping test on lower limbs and quantification of FOG episodes during each of these periods. Both patients presented FOG episodes while in off period, experiencing a significant improvement during on period. However, when increasing the dopaminergic stimulation in order to try to improve their motor response, FOG episodes worsened to the point of impairing gait. CONCLUSIONS: FOG episodes are not always a consequence of akinesia or rigidity. Regarding the pathophysiology, the lack of an appropriate response to treatment would be explained by the involvement of structures exceeding the substantia nigra and the dopaminergic deficit. FOG worsening during periods of dopaminergic overstimulation could be related to a neurotransmitters disbalance affecting other nuclei involved in postural and gait control.


TITLE: Congelacion de la marcha en supra-on: a proposito de dos casos.Introduccion. Durante los ultimos años se han descrito diversos tipos de congelacion de la marcha (CDM), definidos fundamentalmente por su respuesta o no al tratamiento con levodopa. El fenomeno de la CDM en la enfermedad de Parkinson es de presentacion muy variable de unos pacientes a otros, con sustrato fisiopatologico diverso. En algunos pacientes, el aumento del estimulo dopaminergico no solo no mejora, sino que puede empeorar este problema. Casos clinicos. Se presentan dos pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson que fueron evaluados en situacion off, on y supra-on. Para la evaluacion motora se utilizo la Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (bilateral) y el tapping test en las extremidades inferiores, y se cuantificaron los episodios de CDM que presentaban los pacientes en las tres situaciones. Ambos pacientes sufrian episodios de CDM en situacion off que no mejoraban significativamente durante el on. Al aumentar el estimulo dopaminergico, en un intento de mejorar la respuesta motora, empeoraron significativamente los episodios de CDM, hasta el punto de imposibilitar la marcha por graves bloqueos. Conclusiones. Los episodios de CDM no siempre son una mera consecuencia de la acinesia o la rigidez. En la fisiopatologia de la CDM podrian intervenir estructuras que desbordan la sustancia negra y el deficit dopaminergico, lo cual podria explicar la falta de respuesta adecuada al tratamiento e incluso el empeoramiento por desequilibrio de los neurotransmisores, en relacion con la sobreestimulacion dopaminergica, en otros nucleos implicados en el control postural y de la marcha.


Assuntos
Marcha , Doença de Parkinson/complicações , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 62(8): 357-360, 16 abr., 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-151854

RESUMO

Introducción. Durante los últimos años se han descrito diversos tipos de congelación de la marcha (CDM), defi nidos fundamentalmente por su respuesta o no al tratamiento con levodopa. El fenómeno de la CDM en la enfermedad de Parkinson es de presentación muy variable de unos pacientes a otros, con sustrato fi siopatológico diverso. En algunos pacientes, el aumento del estímulo dopaminérgico no sólo no mejora, sino que puede empeorar este problema. Casos clínicos. Se presentan dos pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson que fueron evaluados en situación off , on y supra-on. Para la evaluación motora se utilizó la Unifi ed Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III (bilateral) y el tapping test en las extremidades inferiores, y se cuantifi caron los episodios de CDM que presentaban los pacientes en las tres situaciones. Ambos pacientes sufrían episodios de CDM en situación off que no mejoraban signifi cativamente durante el on. Al aumentar el estímulo dopaminérgico, en un intento de mejorar la respuesta motora, empeoraron signifi cativamente los episodios de CDM, hasta el punto de imposibilitar la marcha por graves bloqueos. Conclusiones. Los episodios de CDM no siempre son una mera consecuencia de la acinesia o la rigidez. En la fi siopatología de la CDM podrían intervenir estructuras que desbordan la sustancia negra y el défi cit dopaminérgico, lo cual podría explicar la falta de respuesta adecuada al tratamiento e incluso el empeoramiento por desequilibrio de los neurotransmisores, en relación con la sobreestimulación dopaminérgica, en otros núcleos implicados en el control postural y de la marcha (AU)


Introduction. Over recent years, several types of freezing of gait (FOG) have been described, mainly according to their response to levodopa. FOG in Parkinson’s disease presents in a variety of ways due to diff erences within the underlying pathophysiology. In a number of patients, increasing the dopaminergic stimulation may not improve this condition, and may even worsen it. Case reports. We present two patients with Parkinson’s disease who were evaluated during off , on and supra-on periods. Motor function was assessed with Unifi ed Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale III, tapping test on lower limbs and quantifi cation of FOG episodes during each of these periods. Both patients presented FOG episodes while in off period, experiencing a signifi cant improvement during on period. However, when increasing the dopaminergic stimulation in order to try to improve their motor response, FOG episodes worsened to the point of impairing gait. Conclusions. FOG episodes are not always a consequence of akinesia or rigidity. Regarding the pathophysiology, the lack of an appropriate response to treatment would be explained by the involvement of structures exceeding the substantia nigra and the dopaminergic defi cit. FOG worsening during periods of dopaminergic overstimulation could be related to a neurotransmitters disbalance aff ecting other nuclei involved in postural and gait control (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Congelamento/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Dopaminérgicos/administração & dosagem , Dopaminérgicos/efeitos adversos , Dopaminérgicos/uso terapêutico , Marcha/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Levodopa/administração & dosagem , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Hipocinesia/diagnóstico , Hipocinesia/patologia , Hipocinesia/fisiopatologia , Relatos de Casos
3.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(8): 472-476, 16 abr., 2011. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-89062

RESUMO

Introducción. La prevención primaria mediante la vacunación contra la mayor causa de cáncer de cérvix, el papilomavirus humano (VPH) tipos 16 y 18, es de amplia distribución mundial. Tras su aprobación, se han descrito efectos adversos neurológicos en estudios descriptivos y limitados por la dificultad de obtener la información, por lo que debe considerarse la infraestimación. Describimos los casos de cuatro mujeres jóvenes que desarrollaron enfermedades de características desmielinizantes tras la vacunación para VPH. Casos clínicos. Se describen en total seis episodios neurológicos tras la vacunación, con un rango de tiempo entre la administración de la dosis y el desarrollo de la clínica de cuatro días a un mes. Los diagnósticos fueron dos mielitis transversas, neuritis óptica y parálisis facial periférica, estos dos últimos recurrentes con las dosis vacunales sucesivas. En la evolución posterior, dos de los casos desarrollaron síntomas que llevaron al diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple. Conclusiones. Previamente se habían descrito encefalitis, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, mielitis transversa o neuritis braquial, relacionados con la inmunización posvacunal, lo que sugería el desencadenamiento de un mecanismo inmunológico como base del evento desmielinizante, quizás en jóvenes predispuestas. Nuestros casos nos llevan a postular que, en ocasiones, la vacuna puede desencadenar complicaciones similares a la encefalomielitis posvacunal, y en otros puede precipitar un primer brote o desenmascarar una esclerosis múltiple latente. Destacamos la necesidad de describir episodios desmielinizantes tras la vacunación del VPH, teniendo en cuenta que la latencia puede ser de hasta 30 días, para caracterizar su perfil de riesgo (AU)


Introduction. Primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. Postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. The studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the HPV are not upper compared with other vaccines, the substimation must be considered. Case reports. We describe the cases of four young women that developed demyelinating disease after the vaccination of the HPV, with a rank of time between the administration of the dose and the development of the clinical of seven days to a month, with similar symptoms with the successive doses. We have described six episodes coinciding after the vaccination. Conclusions. Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , /efeitos adversos , Doenças Desmielinizantes/induzido quimicamente , Esclerose Múltipla/induzido quimicamente , Encefalomielite Aguda Disseminada/induzido quimicamente , Fatores de Risco , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle
4.
Rev Neurol ; 52(8): 472-6, 2011 Apr 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21425100

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. Postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. The studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the HPV are not upper compared with other vaccines, the substimation must be considered. CASE REPORTS: We describe the cases of four young women that developed demyelinating disease after the vaccination of the HPV, with a rank of time between the administration of the dose and the development of the clinical of seven days to a month, with similar symptoms with the successive doses. We have described six episodes coinciding after the vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young.


Assuntos
Doenças Desmielinizantes/etiologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/imunologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/patologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções por Papillomavirus/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/etiologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/virologia
5.
Rev Neurol ; 52(4): 221-6, 2011 Feb 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21312168

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Movement disorders induced by central nervous system trauma are well recognized. The relation between peripheral injury and the subsequent development of movement disorders has been documented in many reports, specially dystonia and tremor. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these movement disorders are not well understood. CASE REPORTS: We report a group of seven patients with movement disorders induced by peripheral trauma. The inclusion criteria used for the patients were: the trauma was well documented for the patient and the medical history, and the onset of the movement disorder was anatomically and temporally related to the injury. We describe seven patients presenting respectively oromandibular dystonia, radicular myoclonus, tremor, segmental dystonia, lower limbs dystonia, segmental myoclonus and tremor, of the body parts previously exposed to traumatic injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Individual predisposition and central changes with pathological reorganization in response to peripheral injury have been considered in the pathogenesis of peripherally induced movements disorders.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Central , Transtornos dos Movimentos , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Central/lesões , Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos dos Movimentos/etiologia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/patologia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/fisiopatologia , Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Nervos Periféricos/fisiopatologia , Adulto Jovem
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 52(4): 221-226, 16 feb., 2011. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-87117

RESUMO

Introducción. Los movimientos involuntarios desencadenados por lesiones en el sistema nervioso central están bien reconocidos. La relación entre lesión o traumatismos periféricos y movimientos involuntarios, fundamentalmente distonía y temblor, se ha documentado en numerosos trabajos. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos no están aún bien definidos. Casos clínicos. Se presenta una serie de siete pacientes con movimientos involuntarios inducidos por traumatismo periférico. Los criterios de inclusión fueron traumatismo o lesión bien documentados por el paciente y el historial clínico, y una clara relación anatómica y temporal entre la lesión periférica y el movimiento involuntario. Los pacientes desarrollaron, respectivamente, distonía oromandibular, mioclonías radiculares, temblor, distonía segmentaria, distonía en las extremidades inferiores, mioclonías segmentarias y temblor, tras haber sufrido algún tipo de lesión o traumatismo periférico. Conclusión. Una predisposición individual y cambios en la plasticidad neuronal en el sistema nervioso central, inducidos por el traumatismo periférico, podrían ser el sustrato fisiopatológico de este tipo de movimientos involuntarios (AU)


Introduction. Movement disorders induced by central nervous system trauma are well recognized. The relation between peripheral injury and the subsequent development of movement disorders has been documented in many reports, specially dystonia and tremor. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these movement disorders are not well understood. Case reports. We report a group of seven patients with movement disorders induced by peripheral trauma. The inclusion criteria used for the patients were: the trauma was well documented for the patient and the medical history, and the onset of the movement disorder was anatomically and temporally related to the injury. We describe seven patients presentingrespectively oromandibular dystonia, radicular myoclonus, tremor, segmental dystonia, lower limbs dystonia, segmental myoclonus and tremor, of the body parts previously exposed to traumatic injuries. Conclusions. Individual predisposition and central changes with pathological reorganization in response to peripheral injury have been considered in the pathogenesis of peripherally induced movements disorders (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Discinesias/etiologia , Transtornos dos Movimentos/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos do Sistema Nervoso/complicações , Sistema Nervoso Periférico/lesões , Plasticidade Neuronal/fisiologia
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