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1.
Clín. salud ; 32(3): 95-102, nov. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217802

RESUMO

En este trabajo se revisa la evaluación de la calidad de los estudios primarios incluidos en los metaanálisis publicados en las principales revistas españolas de psicología. Concretamente se analiza la codificación y evaluación de la calidad de los estudios en metaanálisis sobre eficacia de intervenciones, así como el propósito de esta evaluación y la relación entre la calidad y tamaños del efecto. Se encuentra que el 79% de los metaanálisis analizados incluyeron una evaluación de la calidad. Se discute la relación entre la menor calidad de los estudios en los metaanálisis y los resultados con mayores tamaños del efecto. Finalmente, se enfatiza la necesidad de mejorar el informe de los metaanálisis aportando evidencias de gran calidad. (AU)


In this paper, we reviewed primary study quality assessments in meta-analyses published in the main Spanish psychology journals. Specifically, we analyzed whether the coding and evaluation of the quality of the primary studies in meta-analysis based on the efficacy of interventions is a common practice. The purpose of this evaluation is also to report the relationship between quality and the reported results (effect sizes). It is found that 79% of the meta-analyses analyzed included a quality assessment. The relationship between the lowest quality of studies included in meta-analyses and larger effect sizes is also discussed. Finally, we stress the need to improve the reporting of meta-analyses including high-quality evidence. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicologia , Fator de Impacto de Revistas , Metanálise como Assunto , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto
2.
Int. j. clin. health psychol. (Internet) ; 16(2): 211-219, mayo-ago. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-152097

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the effects of psychological treatments on quality of life among cancer patients and survivors. Additionally, it was explored the moderating influence of some medical- and treatment-related features on these effects. Scientific studies published between 1970 and 2012 were analyzed. Seventy-eight studies were included in a meta-analysis. Concerns related to samples, interventions, and standard of methodological evidence were explored across the studies. A significant overall effect size of psychological interventions was revealed (g = .35). Clinical state and use of adjuvant psychological treatment for managing medical side effects moderated this result (p < .05). Furthermore, a meta-regression model was showed significant (R2 = .30) so as to explain the quality of life change associated with psychological interventions. The psychotherapeutic benefits on depressive symptomatology were included as a moderating factor. To sum up, quality of life is improved by psychological interventions, especially when patients have to cope with medical treatment or with adjustment after the disease is treated. Psychological treatments tend to promote better outcomes when depressive symptomatology is managed. These findings support that providing psychological treatments should be considered as crucial for the patient's health in cancer contexts (AU)


Este estudio pretende conocer el efecto de los tratamientos psicológicos sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes y supervivientes de cáncer, así como la influencia moderadora de variables médicas y propias del tratamiento sobre dicho efecto. Para ello, se realizó un meta-análisis que incluyó 78 trabajos publicados entre 1970 y 2012. Se analizaron aspectos relacionados con la muestra, el tratamiento y la calidad metodológica de estos estudios. Como resultado, se encontró un tamaño del efecto significativo de los tratamientos psicológicos sobre la calidad de vida (g = 0,35). Dicho efecto estaba moderado por el estado clínico del paciente y la adyuvancia del tratamiento psicológico con el médico (p < 0,05). También se observó que mayores reducciones de sintomatología depresiva debidas al tratamiento llevaban a mayores beneficios sobre la calidad de vida según las meta-regresiones ejecutadas (R2 = 0,30). En conclusión, los tratamientos psicológicos pueden mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes oncológicos, principalmente cuando deben afrontar tratamientos médicos, así como de los supervivientes. Además, cuando se reduce la sintomatología depresiva la calidad de vida suele mejorar. Estos resultados destacan la influencia decisiva de los tratamientos psicológicos para la salud integral en contextos oncológicos (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Neoplasias/psicologia , Psicoterapia/métodos , Estresse Psicológico/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Depressão/terapia
3.
Int J Clin Health Psychol ; 16(2): 211-219, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30487864

RESUMO

This study aimed to analyze the effects of psychological treatments on quality of life among cancer patients and survivors. Additionally, it was explored the moderating influence of some medical- and treatment-related features on these effects. Scientific studies published between 1970 and 2012 were analyzed. Seventy-eight studies were included in a meta-analysis. Concerns related to samples, interventions, and standard of methodological evidence were explored across the studies. A significant overall effect size of psychological interventions was revealed (g = .35). Clinical state and use of adjuvant psychological treatment for managing medical side effects moderated this result (p < .05). Furthermore, a meta-regression model was showed significant (R 2  = .30) so as to explain the quality of life change associated with psychological interventions. The psychotherapeutic benefits on depressive symptomatology were included as a moderating factor. To sum up, quality of life is improved by psychological interventions, especially when patients have to cope with medical treatment or with adjustment after the disease is treated. Psychological treatments tend to promote better outcomes when depressive symptomatology is managed. These findings support that providing psychological treatments should be considered as crucial for the patient's health in cancer contexts.


Este estudio pretende conocer el efecto de los tratamientos psicológicos sobre la calidad de vida de pacientes y supervivientes de cáncer, así como la influencia moderadora de variables médicas y propias del tratamiento sobre dicho efecto. Para ello, se realizó un meta-análisis que incluyó 78 trabajos publicados entre 1970 y 2012. Se analizaron aspectos relacionados con la muestra, el tratamiento y la calidad metodológica de estos estudios. Como resultado, se encontró un tamaño del efecto significativo de los tratamientos psicológicos sobre la calidad de vida (g = 0,35). Dicho efecto estaba moderado por el estado clínico del paciente y la adyuvancia del tratamiento psicológico con el médico (p < 0,05). También se observó que mayores reducciones de sintomatología depresiva debidas al tratamiento llevaban a mayores beneficios sobre la calidad de vida según las meta-regresiones ejecutadas (R 2  = 0,30). En conclusión, los tratamientos psicológicos pueden mejorar la calidad de vida de pacientes oncológicos, principalmente cuando deben afrontar tratamientos médicos, así como de los supervivientes. Además, cuando se reduce la sintomatología depresiva la calidad de vida suele mejorar. Estos resultados destacan la influencia decisiva de los tratamientos psicológicos para la salud integral en contextos oncológicos.

4.
Span J Psychol ; 16: E92, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24230955

RESUMO

A meta-analysis was conducted to reach a pooled estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of the SCOFF. The 15 selected studies represented a total of 882 cases and 4350 controls. The main criterion for inclusion was that the primary study had provided diagnostic classification with both a diagnostic reference and with the SCOFF (with five items and a cut-off point of two). The pooled estimates were .80 (sensitivity) and .93 (specificity). The moderator variables gender and type of measure for the diagnostic reference (interview versus psychometric tests) account for part of the observed variability. For diagnostic references based on interviews the estimate of the efficacy improves significantly. For the studies that match this criterion the sensitivity is .882 and the specificity .925 (diagnostic odds ratio, 92.19). The main conclusion was that the five questions of the SCOFF constitute a very useful screening tool, in several languages; it is highly recommended for screening purposes.


Assuntos
Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Humanos
5.
Span. j. psychol ; 16: e92.1-e92.8, 2013. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-130426

RESUMO

A meta-analysis was conducted to reach a pooled estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of the SCOFF. The 15 selected studies represented a total of 882 cases and 4350 controls. The main criterion for inclusion was that the primary study had provided diagnostic classification with both a diagnostic reference and with the SCOFF (with five items and a cut-off point of two). The pooled estimates were .80 (sensitivity) and .93 (specificity). The moderator variables gender and type of measure for the diagnostic reference (interview versus psychometric tests) account for part of the observed variability. For diagnostic references based on interviews the estimate of the efficacy improves significantly. For the studies that match this criterion the sensitivity is .882 and the specificity .925 (diagnostic odds ratio, 92.19). The main conclusion was that the five questions of the SCOFF constitute a very useful screening tool, in several languages; it is highly recommended for screening purposes (AU)


No disponible


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Publicações Duplicadas como Assunto , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Ingestão de Alimentos/psicologia , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologia
6.
Interv. psicosoc. (Internet) ; 21(1): 3-15, ene.-abr. 2012. ilus, mapas
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-98843

RESUMO

Las intervenciones psicosociales para promover el desarrollo humano y social de los países en desarrollo, frecuentemente, se enmarcan en el Enfoque Basado en Derechos Humanos (EBDH) y la Perspectiva de Género (PG). Dado que poco se sabe sobre la preparación y disposición que tiene el personal encargado de dichas intervenciones para trabajar desde estos referentes normativos, diseñamos un instrumento para medir conocimientos y actitudes relacionadas con el EBDH y la PG como indicadores de sensibilidad frente a estos marcos conceptuales. En el diseño se utilizó una aproximación de métodos mixtos. Los resultados de entrevistas cognitivas fueron utilizados para definir una versión preliminar del instrumento, que fue sometida a una prueba piloto con 88 participantes de Colombia, España, Nicaragua y EEUU. La versión final del instrumento está compuesta por 39 ítems estructurados en cuatro dimensiones: Conocimientos-EBDH (13 ítems; α = .75), Actitudes-EBDH (6 ítems; α = .79), Conocimientos-PG (8ítems; α = .75) y Actitudes-PG (12 ítems; α = .84). El instrumento puede ser utilizado para detectar necesidades de entrenamiento y para evaluar intervenciones de capacitación en estos temas. También es útil en la identificación de agentes clave para la implementación de intervenciones psicosociales basadas en estos marcos de referencia (AU)


Psychosocial interventions to promote social and human development in developing countries frequently use the Human Rights Based Approach (HRBA) and the Gender Perspective (GP) frameworks. Given that little is known about the preparation and willingness to work with these frameworks among people in charge of designing, implementing and evaluating these interventions, we designed a questionnaire to measure knowledge and attitudes about HRBA and GP. The questionnaire was developed using a mixed methods approach. Results from cognitive interviews were used to define a preliminary version that was pilot-tested with 88 participants from Colombia, Spain, Nicaragua and USA. Data analysis yielded a final version with 39 items structured in four dimensions: Knowledge-HRBA (13 items; α = 0.75),Attitudes-HRBA (6 items; α = 0.79), Knowledge-GP (8 items; α = 0.75) and Attitudes-GP (12 items; α =0.84). The questionnaire can be used to detect training needs and to evaluate training interventions. It isalso helpful in the identification of key partners for implementing interventions based on these frameworks (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Direitos Humanos/psicologia , Impacto Psicossocial , Identidade de Gênero , Avaliação de Eficácia-Efetividade de Intervenções , Atitude , Planejamento Social , Ensaio Clínico
7.
Psychol Methods ; 15(4): 386-97, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20853953

RESUMO

A meta-analysis of the reliability of the scores from a specific test, also called reliability generalization, allows the quantitative synthesis of its properties from a set of studies. It is usually assumed that part of the variation in the reliability coefficients is due to some unknown and implicit mechanism that restricts and biases the selection of participants in the studies' samples. Sometimes this variation has been reduced by adjusting the coefficients by a formula associated with range restrictions. We propose a framework in which that variation is included (instead of adjusted) in the models intended to explain the variability and in which parallel analyses of the studies' means and variances are performed. Furthermore, the analysis of the residuals enables inferences to be made about the nature of the variability accounted for by moderator variables. The meta-analysis of the 3 studies' statistics-reliability coefficient, mean, and variance--allows psychometric inferences about the test scores. A numerical example illustrates the proposed framework.


Assuntos
Metanálise como Assunto , Psicometria/estatística & dados numéricos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Humanos , Modelos Estatísticos , Inventário de Personalidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicologia/métodos , Psicologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/normas , Projetos de Pesquisa , Viés de Seleção
8.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 17(2): 325-331, mayo 2005. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-039069

RESUMO

This work reports the results of a meta-analytic study about framing effect. An exhaustive literature search identified 51 independent primary studies, published between 1997 and 2003, that fulfilled the selection criteria. The studies produced 151 estimations of the effect size with nearly 13,500 subjects. The effect, measured as d index, was 0.437 for risky frame, 0.260 for attribute frame, and 0.444 for goal frame. The influence of other moderating variables was also analysed, such as gender of participants, design, or response mode. Finally, alternative explanations of the findings and implications are discussed


En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un estudio meta-analítico sobre el efecto del marco. Una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura nos permitió identificar 51 estudios primarios independientes, publicados entre 1997 y 2003, que cumplían con los criterios de selección establecidos, y que dieron lugar a 151 estimaciones del tamaño del efecto con cerca de 13.500 sujetos. El efecto, mediante el índice d, fue de 0.437 en el caso del marco de riesgo, 0.260 en el marco de atributo y 0.444 en el marco de objetivo. Se analizó la influencia de diversas variables moderadoras, como el género de los participantes, el diseño, el modo de respuesta, etc. Finalmente, se discuten las posibles explicaciones de los resultados y sus implicaciones


Assuntos
Humanos , Psicometria/métodos , Coleta de Dados/métodos , Análise Multivariada , Risco , Risco Ajustado , Risco Atribuível , Estudos Epidemiológicos
9.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 17(1): 164-168, feb. 2005. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-039046

RESUMO

In the first part we present a tool (D.A.T.U.S) to help students to put in order the optional subjects they wish to take when not all subjects can be chosen. Conflicting interests, such as affinity with tastes vs. easiness to pass, or teacher vs. places available, as well as the number of alternatives, mean that the task is complex and help is required. D.A.T.U.S. provides the student with a set of criteria from which to choose those that best fit his or her case and a set of scales for evaluating the subjects. Taking into account the importance the decision maker attributes to the chosen criteria, the tool will provide a final value that will put the subjects in order. The second part of the study is devoted to assessing the validity (face, content and convergent) of D.A.T.U.S. With the participation of 98 final-year undergraduates, we obtained convergent validity values around .89


Presentamos, en la primera parte, la construcción de una herramienta (D.A.T.U.S.) que sirve de ayuda a los estudiantes cuando tienen que matricular sus asignaturas optativas. La existencia de intereses contrapuestos (atractivo vs. facilidad de aprobar, profesor vs plazas disponibles) así como la cantidad de materias posibles, justifican que la tarea es compleja y que la ayuda es pertinente. D.A.T.U.S. proporciona al estudiante un conjunto de criterios para que escoja aquellos que prefiera, así como escalas para valorar las materias. Teniendo en cuenta la importancia que cada usuario concede a los criterios, la herramienta proporciona una valoración final que ordena las asignaturas. La segunda parte se dedica a evaluar la validez del instrumento (aparente, de contenido y convergente). Con la participación de 98 estudiantes de último año, obtuvimos valores de validez convergente de alrededor de .89


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Comportamento de Escolha , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Currículo/tendências , Universidades/tendências , Estudantes
10.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 14(2): 233-238, mayo 2002. tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-18150

RESUMO

The aim of this work is to study the effects of training in analysis and decision making on the way a multiattribute decision task is carried out. We analyzed the quantity of information subjects used and the strategies they followed. In addition, we studied whether a particular initial key or marker produced pre-decisional bias in decision makers. Furthermore, special effort was made to control the different importance assigned by decision makers to attributes, through the use of a «personalized conflict» task. The main results were: subjects with training analyze significantly more information than subjects without it; they devote more attention to the alternative eventually selected, but they do so more as a process of consolidation than as pre-decisional bias, and use compensatory strategies. Manipulation of the marker did not result in significant effects on the dependent variables (AU)


El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la formación en análisis y toma de decisiones sobre la forma de abordar una tarea de decisión entre alternativas multiatributivas. Se analizó la cantidad de información utilizada y las estrategias seguidas. Adicionalmente, se estudió si una determinada clave inicial provocaba un sesgo pre-decisional en los decisores. Se realizó un especial esfuerzo por controlar la importancia que los decisores asignan a los atributos, elaborando una tarea de 'conflicto personalizado'. Los resultados principales fueron: los sujetos con formación analizan significativamente más información que los sujetos sin ella; atienden más a la alternativa finalmente elegida, pero lo hacen más como un proceso de consolidación que como un sesgo pre-decisional y utilizan estrategias compensatorias. La variable marcador no reflejó efectos significativos (AU)


Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Tomada de Decisões , Técnicas de Apoio para a Decisão , Viés de Seleção , 34600
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