[Molecular diagnostic strategies and management of dust mite allergy].

Dust mites are one of the most important allergens, widely distributed around the world, especially in household environments. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae and Blomia tropicalis are the most common species of dust mites. There are more than 35 known sensitization components of dust mites, among which Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der p 23 are the major components. Clinically, allergen skin test and serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) detection are widely used in the preliminary diagnosis of dust mite allergy. However, these methods cannot accurately identify specific dust mite sensitization components. Considering that there are significant differences in the allergenic components of dust mites in different regions and populations, component-resolved diagnosis of dust mite is particularly important in accurately determining the allergenic components. This is not only of guiding significance for allergen avoidance, but also important for determining the immunotherapy regimen for dust mites. In order to strengthen the understanding of the molecular diagnosis of dust mites and promote the integration of allergy science in China with the international standards, this article interprets the "Allergy Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0" published recently by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[Clinicopathological features of adult Wilms tumor with BRAF V600E mutation].

Objective: To identify BRAF V600E mutations in adult Wilms tumor (WT) with overlapping histologic features of metanephric adenoma (MA) and to investigate the clinicopathological features of adult WT. Methods: The clinical features of adult WT diagnosed at the Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China from 2012 to 2021 were reviewed. HE-stained slides of all cases were reviewed by 2 expert pathologists. Representative tissues were selected for BRAF V600E immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and gene sequencing. Results: In adult WT with MA-like areas (cohort Ⅰ, n=6), 5 of the 6 cases were composed of epithelial-predominant and were positive for WT-1 and CD56, respectively, and all were positive for CD57. All 6 cases revealed highly variable Ki-67 indices, ranging from 1% in some areas to 60% in others. 5 of the 6 cases harbored a BRAF V600E mutation. All cases in cohort I were followed up for 23 to 71 months, and all survived. In classical adult WT without MA-like areas cohort (cohort Ⅱ, n=13), all 7 cases with available material were negative for BRAF by IHC and none of them had any BRAF mutation. Conclusions: BRAF V600E mutations are frequently present in adult WT with overlapping morphologically features of MA, but not in those without. More importantly, adult WTs with overlapping histologic features of MA may be an intermediate entity between typical MA and WT that may have a favorable prognosis and possible therapeutic targets.

[In vitro analysis of the influence of different tooth positions and retention depths of the pulp cavity on the accuracy of digital impression of the endocrown].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of tooth position and retention depth of the dental pulp cavity on the accuracy of intraoral digital impression of endocrown preparation. METHODS: Dental pulp cavities with retention depths of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm were prepared on 8 auatomic resin tooth models, including 4 right maxillary first molar (16) and 4 right mandibular first molar (46).Each cavity were scanned for 10 times using 3shape trios3, with micro-CT scans as the reference.All the scan data were exported, and the reference models were obtained by 3D reconstruction with Mimics 2021 software.Gomagic Wrap 2017 was used to analyze the 3D models.The average absolute deviation values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the digital models. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the authenticity and precision between models 16 and 46.The mean maximum positive and negative deviations of the model 16 were less than those of the model 46(P<0.05), and for both the models 16 and 46, the mean maximum positive deviation was significantly greater than the mean maximum negative deviation (P<0.05).The authenticity of the 5 mm group was lower than that of the 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm groups (P<0.05).The precision was higher in 2 mm group than in 4 mm and 5 mm groups (P<0.05), and higher in 3 mm group than in 5 mm group (P<0.05).The mean maximum positive and negative deviations in 2 mm group were lower than those in 5 mm group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The position of teeth has little influence on intraoral digital impression of the endocrown.The retention depth of the dental pulp cavity affects the accuracy of intraoral digital impression of the endocrown, and a greater depth results in a greater deviation.

[Related factors of negative conversion time of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19].

Objective: To explore the related factors of negative conversion time (NCT) of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 225 children who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Changxing Branch of Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 3rd to May 31st 2022 were enrolled in the study. The infection age, gender, viral load, basic disease, clinical symptoms and information of accompanying caregivers were retrospectively analyzed. According to age, the children were divided into<3 years of age group and 3-<18 years of age group. According to the viral nucleic acid test results, the children were divided into positive accompanying caregiver group and negative accompanying caregiver group. Comparisons between groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test or Chi-square test. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19. Results: Among the 225 patients (120 boys and 105 girls) of age 2.8 (1.3, 6.2) years, 119 children <3 years and 106 children 3-<18 years of age, 19 cases were diagnosed with moderate COVID-19, and the other 206 cases were diagnosed with mild COVID-19. There were 141 patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group and 84 patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group.Patients 3-<18 years of age had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.7 (4, 9) d, Z=-4.17, P<0.001) compared with patients <3 years of age. Patients in the negative accompanying caregiver group had a shorter NCT (5 (3, 7) vs.6 (4, 9) d,Z=-2.89,P=0.004) compared with patients in the positive accompanying caregiver group. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that anorexia was associated with NCT of nucleic acid (OR=3.74,95%CI 1.69-8.31, P=0.001). Conclusion: Accompanying caregiver with positive nucleic acid test may prolong NCT of nucleic acid, and decreased appetite may be associated with prolonged NCT of nucleic acid in children with COVID-19.

Modeling gait score of broiler chicken via production and behavioral data.

Lameness in broilers may be associated with pain and is considered a major broiler production and welfare concern. Manual gait score assessment in commercial broiler houses is discrete, time-consuming, and laborious. As such, automatic methods for broiler gait score assessment are urgently needed. The objective of this study was to identify the relation of broiler gait score with several productions and behavioral metrics (bird BW, age, activity, and distribution), and establish three gait score prediction models for automatic gait score estimations in broiler farms with automatic weighing systems, camera systems, or both. Sixteen pens were used to rear Cobb 500 and Ross 708 broilers for eight and nine weeks, respectively (eight pens/strain, 12 birds/pen). The gait scores of all birds were assessed weekly by trained assessors following a six-point (0-5) scoring protocol from the third week. The pen's average BW was measured weekly. Top-view cameras were installed to continuously record videos of broilers in all 16 pens. Images were extracted from video clips (10 min/hour) during a 16-hour light period to determine the activity index and distribution index through image processing. The gait score was positively correlated with BW (R2 = 0.97 for Cobb and R2 = 0.96 for Ross), while negatively correlated with activity (R2 = 0.78 for Cobb and R2 = 0.73 for Ross). The three models showed high accuracies in predicting broiler gait score based on variables of BW, age, activity index, and distribution index (R2 = 0.90-0.91, RMSE = 0.38-0.41). The findings of this study demonstrated the potential of estimating broiler gait score using bird BW, age, activity index, and distribution index. This information will assist in the development of automated gait score assessment systems in broiler production.

Prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Studies have found that erectile dysfunction (ED) may be a short-term or long-term complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, but no relevant studies have completed a pooled analysis of this claim. The purpose of the review was to comprehensively search the relevant literature, summarize the prevalence of ED in COVID-19 patients, assess risk factors for its development, and explore the effect of the COVID-19 infection on erectile function. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was performed from database inception until April 14, 2022. Heterogeneity was analyzed by χ2 tests and I2 was used as a quantitative test of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were used to analyze sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Our review included 8 studies, 4 of which functioned as a control group. There were 250,606 COVID-19 patients (mean age: 31-47.1 years, sample size: 23-246,990). The control group consisted of 10,844,200 individuals (mean age: 32.76-42.4 years, sample size 75-10,836,663). The prevalence of ED was 33% (95% CI 18-47%, I2 = 99.48%) in COVID-19 patients. The prevalence of ED based on the international coding of diseases (ICD-10) was 9% (95% CI 2-19%), which was significantly lower than the prevalence of ED diagnosed based on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) (46%, 95% CI 22-71%, I2 = 96.72%). The pooling prevalence of ED was 50% (95% CI 34-67%, I2 = 81.54%) for articles published in 2021, significantly higher than that for articles published in 2022 (17%, 95% CI 7-30%, I2 = 99.55%). The relative risk of developing ED was 2.64 times in COVID-19 patients higher than in non-COVID-19 patients (RR: 2.64, 95% CI 1.01-6.88). The GRADE-pro score showed that the mean incidence of ED events in COVID-19 patients was 1,333/50,606 (2.6%) compared with 52,937/844,200 (0.4%) in controls; the absolute impact of COVID-19 on ED was 656/100,000 (ranging from 4/100,000 to 2352/100,000). Anxiety (OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.26, I2 = 0.0%) in COVID-19 patients was a risk factor for ED. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients have a high risk and prevalence of ED, mainly driven by anxiety. Attention should be paid to patient's erectile functioning when treating COVID-19.

[Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge flower extract inhibits benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the inhibitory effect of the extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge flower against benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: MTT assay was used to examine the effect of the extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge flower on proliferation of benign prostatic hyperplasia cells (BPH-1), and cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes following the treatment were analyzed using annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, PI3K and AKT in the treated cells were detected using Western blotting. A rat model of BPH established by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate was treated with the flower extract for 28 days, and pathological changes in the prostate tissue were observed with HE staining. The protein expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase3 and PI3K/AKT in the prostate tissue were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS: Within the concentration range of 125-1000 µg/mL, the flower extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge significantly inhibited the proliferation of BPH-1 cells and caused obvious cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase; the apoptotic rate of the cells was positively correlated with the concentration of the flower extract (P < 0.05). Bcl-2, p-PI3K and p-AKT expression levels were significantly down-regulated and Bax and caspase-3 expression levels were significantly increased in the cells after treatment with the flowers extract (P < 0.05). In the rat models of BPH, the rats treated with the flowers extract at moderate and high doses showed obviously decreased expressions of p-AKT and Bcl-2 and an increased expression of Bax in the prostate tissue; a significantly lowered p-AKT expression was observed in the prostate tissue of rats receiving the low-dose treatment (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The flower extract of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge has a inhibitory effect on BPH both in vitro and in rats, suggesting its potential value in the development of medicinal plant preparations for treatment of BPH.

A fast radio burst source at a complex magnetized site in a barred galaxy.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are highly dispersed, millisecond-duration radio bursts1-3. Recent observations of a Galactic FRB4-8 suggest that at least some FRBs originate from magnetars, but the origin of cosmological FRBs is still not settled. Here we report the detection of 1,863 bursts in 82 h over 54 days from the repeating source FRB 20201124A (ref. 9). These observations show irregular short-time variation of the Faraday rotation measure (RM), which scrutinizes the density-weighted line-of-sight magnetic field strength, of individual bursts during the first 36 days, followed by a constant RM. We detected circular polarization in more than half of the burst sample, including one burst reaching a high fractional circular polarization of 75%. Oscillations in fractional linear and circular polarizations, as well as polarization angle as a function of wavelength, were detected. All of these features provide evidence for a complicated, dynamically evolving, magnetized immediate environment within about an astronomical unit (AU; Earth-Sun distance) of the source. Our optical observations of its Milky-Way-sized, metal-rich host galaxy10-12 show a barred spiral, with the FRB source residing in a low-stellar-density interarm region at an intermediate galactocentric distance. This environment is inconsistent with a young magnetar engine formed during an extreme explosion of a massive star that resulted in a long gamma-ray burst or superluminous supernova.

Long non-coding RNA FAM201A promotes lung squamous cell carcinoma progression through interaction with miR-101.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of LncRNA FAM201A mediating lung squamous cell carcinoma progression through interaction with miR-101. PATIENTS AND METHODS: NCI-H520 cells and SK-MES-1 cells were transfected with miRNA-101-mimics and miRNA-101-inhibitor, the quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect FAM201A and miR-101 expression. CCK-8, Wound healing assay and transwell assay were utilized to detect the influence of FAM201A on the malignancy of NCI-H520NCI-H520 and SK-MES-1SK-MES-1 cells. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The underlying pathways of FAM201A were measured using Western blot. Xenograft tumor experiments were conducted to detect tumor growth and metastasis in vivo.NCI-H520SK-MES-1 Kaplan-Meier method calculated patient survival. RESULTS: (1) Silencing of FAM201A inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NCI-H520 and SK-MES-1cells and stimulated cell apoptosis significantly. Furthermore, FAM201A elimination hindered tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. (2) Compared with the si-control group, the protein expression of Ki67, Vimentin, Cleaved-caspase-3 and N-cadherin were decreased in the si-FAM201A group. (3) After transfection of miR-101-mimics, the expression level of Vimentin protein was significantly increased, while the expression level of Vimentin protein was significantly decreased after miR-101-inhibitor transfection. (4) MiR-101 mimics could alleviate FAM201A silencing-induced inhibitive effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promotive effects on cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: FAM201A could target miR-101 and upregulate Vimentin to inhibit lung cancer progression. FAM201A was expected to be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer.

[New advances in the prevention of food allergy by early intake of food in infants].

The incidence of food allergy is gradually increasing worldwide, and food allergy are receiving more and more attention. Food allergies can not only cause eczema in infants and young children, but can also cause severe allergic reactions and even death. However, the current treatment of food allergy is still lack of specific treatment methods, mainly to avoid allergic food. Therefore, how to prevent food allergy has become a topic of increasing concern. In recent years, scholars have carried out high-quality clinical studies to evaluate the effect of early food intake on the prevention of food allergy in infants on the prevention of food allergies. They have achieved exciting results, which have changed the relevant content of infant feeding guidelines. This paper reviewed the latest research on the topic of prevention of food allergy by early intake of common foods such as peanuts, eggs and milk in recent years. This article could bring new ideas and perspectives to the prevention of food allergy.

[Pathological features of primary extragonadal germ cell tumor of the prostate with small round blue cell morphology].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and clinical management of primary extragonadal germ cell tumor of the prostate. Methods: Two cases of primary extragonadal germ cell tumor in the prostate were collected at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, in January and September 2016, respectively. Their pathological features, clinical treatments and follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The two patients were 41 and 32 years old, respectively, and both presented with obstructive symptoms of the lower urinary tract. Histologically, both cases showed small round blue cells and an invasive growth pattern. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) stains of SALL4, OCT3/4, CD117 and PLAP were all positive, while those of PSA, AR and syn were negative. Moreover, case 1 demonstrated perinuclear dot-like staining for CKpan, which might be a diagnostic pitfall. There was no evidence of disease in other areas via physical examination or radiographic studies. Based on these IHC findings and the morphology, the two cases were diagnosed as primary seminoma of the prostate, which were consequently treated with six cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. A complete response was achieved in case 1. Case 2 was followed up and showed tumor recurrence, and progression with elevated tumor marker AFP. The subsequent radical removed specimens of case 2 were finally diagnosed as mixed germ cell tumor of the prostate. Conclusion: As a rare neoplastic entity, primary germ cell tumor of the prostate can show small blue round cell morphology. Pathologically, the morphology of small round blue cells combined with a perinuclear dot-like pattern of CKpan IHC staining may be a diagnostic pitfall. The clinical treatment strategy should be evaluated with consideration of the pathological diagnosis and comprehensive evaluation of the tumor markers.

Prevalence of hypoxia and correlation with glycolytic metabolism and angiogenic biomarkers in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Hypoxia is associated with aggressive tumour behaviour and can influence response to systemic therapy and radiotherapy. The prevalence of hypoxia in metastatic colorectal cancer is poorly understood, and the relationship of hypoxia to patient outcomes has not been clearly established. The aims of the study were to evaluate hypoxia in metastatic colorectal cancer with [18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO PET) and correlate these findings with glycolytic metabolism ([18F]FDG PET) and angiogenic blood biomarkers and patient outcomes. METHODS: Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer received routine staging investigations and both [18F] FMISO PET and [18F] FDG PET scans. Correlative blood specimens were also obtained at the time of the [18F] FMISO PET scan. Patient follow-up was performed to establish progression-free survival. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were recruited into the trial. [18F]FMISO and [18F]FDG PET scans showed a significant correlation of SUVmax (p = 0.003). A significant correlation of progression-free survival and [18F] FMISO TNR (p = 0.02) and overall survival with [18F]FMISO TNR (p = 0.003) and [18F]FDG TGV (p = 0.02) was observed. Serum levels of osteopontin, but not VEGF, correlated with [18F] FMISO and [18F]FDG PET scan parameters. CONCLUSION: [18F]FMISO PET uptake in metastatic colorectal cancer significantly correlates with glycolytic metabolism and is predictive of progression-free and overall survival. These findings have implications for the assessment and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients with novel therapies which affect tumour angiogenesis and hypoxia.

Diverse polarization angle swings from a repeating fast radio burst source.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio transients1,2 of unknown origin. Two possible mechanisms that could generate extremely coherent emission from FRBs invoke neutron star magnetospheres3-5 or relativistic shocks far from the central energy source6-8. Detailed polarization observations may help us to understand the emission mechanism. However, the available FRB polarization data have been perplexing, because they show a host of polarimetric properties, including either a constant polarization angle during each burst for some repeaters9,10 or variable polarization angles in some other apparently one-off events11,12. Here we report observations of 15 bursts from FRB 180301 and find various polarization angle swings in seven of them. The diversity of the polarization angle features of these bursts is consistent with a magnetospheric origin of the radio emission, and disfavours the radiation models invoking relativistic shocks.

Hybrid Quantum Computing with Conditional Beam Splitter Gate in Trapped Ion System.

The hybrid approach to quantum computation simultaneously utilizes both discrete and continuous variables, which offers the advantage of higher density encoding and processing powers for the same physical resources. Trapped ions, with discrete internal states and motional modes that can be described by continuous variables in an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space, offer a natural platform for this approach. A nonlinear gate for universal quantum computing can be implemented with the conditional beam splitter Hamiltonian |e⟩⟨e|(a[over ^]^{†}b[over ^]+a[over ^]b[over ^]^{†}) that swaps the quantum states of two motional modes, depending on the ion's internal state. We realize such a gate and demonstrate its applications for quantum state overlap measurements, single-shot parity measurement, and generation of NOON states.

[Epidemiological analysis on 1 052 cases of COVID-19 in epidemic clusters].

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters, and explore the influence of family factors and social factors such as group activities on the spread of the disease. Methods: The data of cases of COVID-19 epidemic clusters from 19 January, 2020 to 25 February, 2020 were collected from the official platforms of 36 cities in 6 provinces in China. Descriptive statistical methods, χ(2) test and curve fitting were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the clustered cases. Results: By 25 February, 2020, the data of 1 052 cases in 366 epidemic clusters were collected. In these clustered cases, 86.9%(914/1 050) occurred in families. Among the 1 046 cases with gender information, 513 were males (49.0%) and 533 were females (51.0%). The cases were mainly young adults between 18 and 59 years old, accounting for 68.5% (711/1 038). In the 366 epidemic clusters , the clusters in which the first confirmed cases with the history of sojourn in Wuhan or Hubei accounted for 47.0%(172/366). From 19 January to 3 February, 2020, the first confirmed cases with Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for 66.5%. From 4 to 25 February, the first confirmed cases who had Wuhan or Hubei sojourn history accounted for only 18.2%. The median of interval between the first generation case onset and the second generation case onset was 5 (2-8) days. The median of onset- diagnosis interval of the initial cases was 6 (3-9) days, and the median of onset-diagnosis interval of the secondary cases was 5 (3-8) days. Conclusions: Epidemic clusters of COVID-19 were common in many cities outside Wuhan and Hubei. Close contact in family was one of the main causes for the spread of household transmission of the virus. After 4 February, the epidemic clusters were mainly caused by the first generation or second generation cases in local areas, and the time for diagnosis became shorter.

[Treatment of postprandial discomfort syndrome in the elderly: a multi-centered prospective randomized controlled clinical study].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets (Combizym(®)) in the treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in the elderly, compared with gastrointestinal motility drugs. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-16008185). The elderly patients with PDS were randomly divided into three groups, including Mosapride group with Mosapride citrate tablets 5 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; Combizym(®) group with Combizym tablets 244 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; combined treatment group with both drugs and same doses for 2 weeks. The modified Nepean dyspepsia index (NDSI) score, discomfort intensity score and PDS score were calculated on patients before treatment, at the end of first and second week of treatment, as well as 4 weeks after treatment finished, respectively. Adverse effects were evaluated. Results: A total of 323 patients from 16 tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled in this study. Among them, 105 patients were in Mosapride group, 109 in Combizym(®) group and 109 in combined treatment group. There were 148 males (45.8%) and 175 females (54.2%) with median age 71.4±9.0 years (60-100 years). Baseline characteristics of three groups were comparable. After treatment, the NDSI scores in three groups all decreased significantly (P<0.001), while they were similar between groups (P>0.05). The discomfort intensity score and PDS score in three groups showed a significant reduction after treatment (P<0.001), especially in the combined treatment group. Compared with Mosapride group, the scores in Combizym(®) group decreased significantly after one or two weeks [discomfort intensity score: after one week, 4.0(2.5, 8.0) vs. 6.0(3.0, 10.0); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 6.0); all P<0.05. PDS score: after one week, 6.0(3.0, 9.0) vs. 7.0(3.5, 10.5); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 7.0); all P<0.05]. The efficacy rate in all patients after first week of treatment was over 15.0%. The efficacy rates after two weeks were 55.2%, 68.8% and 73.4% in Mosapride group, Combizym(®) group and combined treatment group, respectively. After two week treatment, the efficacy rates in Combizym(®) group (P=0.041) and combined group (P=0.006) were higher than that of Mosapride group. The recurrence rate of Mosapride group was 9.5%, which was significantly higher than that of Combizym(®) group (1.8%, P<0.05) and combined treatment group (1.8%, P<0.05). There were no serious adverse effects in the three groups. Conclusions: The efficacy of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets is comparable with that of Mosapride in elderly PDS patients, with fewer adverse effects and low recurrence rate. Combination regimen indicates better efficacy than that of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets or Mosapride alone.