Rapid and label-free cancer theranostics via in situ bio-self-assembled DNA-gold nanostructures loaded exosomes.

Chemically engineered nanomaterials have been extensively used in early tumor detection and cancer therapy. Despite the promise shown, their chemical or exogenous nature hinders their application due to their unknown adverse effects. Herein, using a cancer cell environment, fluorescent DNA-gold nanostructures were bio-self-assembled through simple incubation of DNA and Au solutions with cancer cells. In situ, ex vivo, bio-responsive self-assembly of ring-shaped DNA-Au nanostructures is reported for the first time. Subsequently, the exosomes released by the above-mentioned cancer cells were found to carry the self-assembled DNA-Au nanostructures, exhibiting strong in vivo dual fluorescence properties. Interestingly, these exosomes could be immediately taken up in vitro by their parent cells, reaching the nucleus within 10 min after incubation. Taking advantage of the unique endogenous properties of exosomes, and their advanced cargo delivery capacity, we further exploited the DNA-Au nanostructure loaded exosomes with mitoxantrone for accurate cancer theranostics. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the exosomes could effectively deliver the drug cargo to cancerous cells, hence, displaying an enhanced targeting effect towards parent cancer cells, and a synergistic tumor inhibition effect, while showing great biocompatibility towards normal cells and vital organs. Hence, exosomes carrying the in situ bio-self-assembled DNA-Au nanostructures could be an outstanding delivery system for dye-free targeted cancer detection and therapy.

Preferential flow characteristics of reclaimed mine soils in a surface coal mine dump.

There are a large number of macropores/tubular channels of a few centimeters and plant roots in reclaimed dump soils, which are the main reasons for the formation of soil macropores and soil preferential flow. To systematically study the morphological characteristics and variation of soil preferential flow for different reclaimed vegetations in a dump, a dye-staining experiment and physical and chemical analysis were carried out to investigate the formation mechanism and influencing factors of soil preferential flow in the vegetation restoration process. The results indicate that there were differences in the soil water breakthrough curves for different plots. The macropore effluent rate generally increased at first and then tended to stabilize. The soil steady effluent rate decreased with increasing soil depth, which reached the maximum and minimum values at the depths of 0∼5 cm (0.0193∼0.0315 mm s-1) and 50∼60 cm (0.0028∼0.0035 mm s-1), respectively. Furthermore, the radius of soil macropores under different types of reclaimed vegetation ranged from 0.03 to 4.71 mm, most of which ranged from 0.11 to 2.36 mm. The soil macroporosity of different reclaimed vegetation types ranged from 0.03 to 16.58%, which was significantly greater than 5%. The soil macroporosity determined 65% of the variation in the steady effluent rate and 42% of the variation in the saturated hydraulic conductivity. Furthermore, the dye coverage ratio decreased as the soil layer depth increased in different plots, and there were some differences in each plot. The maximum dye coverage ratio occurred in the 0∼5 cm soil layer, which reached 90.37%. The dye coverage ratio at a depth of 0∼60 cm in six plots followed the order of Robinia pseudoacacia (26.48%) > Ulmus pumila (20.12%) > mixed forest (17.32%) > farmland (15.06%) > shrub (13.97%) > weeds (10.07%). The soil preferential flow mostly occurred in the 0∼40 cm soil depth layer, which occupied more than 93% of the total soil profile (0∼60 cm). Moreover, a Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between environmental factors (soil, water, and plant factors) and the dye coverage ratio. The dye coverage ratio of soil preferential flow under different reclamation vegetations was very significantly or significantly positively correlated with the gravel content, mean radius of soil macropores, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, root weight density, and root length density, which promoted the formation and development of soil preferential flow. This study will provide a scientific basis for understanding the formation mechanism and perfecting the research system of soil preferential flow, vegetation restoration, and reconstruction in a dump; furthermore, this research offers significance guidance in the construction of green mines and the development of regional economics.

Effects of Morinda on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB expression in osteoclasts in osteoporosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Morinda has been reported to promote the proliferation, the secretion of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor of osteoblasts. However, little information is available addressing the effects of Morinda on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression in osteoclasts in rats with osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of Morinda on receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression in osteoclastsofosteoporosis rats. METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were equaly and randomly divided into Morinda and 17β-estradiol groups. Rat models of osteoporosis were established by bilateral ovariectomy, and then 5 mL of Morinda decocta(1.0mmol/L)and 17β-estradiol (1×10-6mmol/L) were administered intragastricaly to rats in Morinda and 17β-estradiol groups for 3 consecutive months, respectively. Primary osteoclasts were isolated from rats in both groups, andthen cultured for 3, 6 and 9 days folowed by TRAP staining andcelcounting. Bone mineral density of the proximal and distal femur, urine and serum levels of Ca2+and progesterone, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression in osteoclasts ofrats in both groups were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Osteoclast fusion was reduced in Morinda group. In contrast, number of osteoclastswas increased andcels becamemore maturein the17β-estradiol group. Bone mineral density of the proximal and distal femur bilateraly, urine and serum levels of Ca2+and progesterone were significantly increased, while receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression was significantly decreased in osteoclasts in Morinda group compared with 17β-estradiol group (P< 0.05). These results indicate that Morinda reduces receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB expression in osteoclasts in osteoporosis rats, thereby inhibiting the development and progression of osteoporosis.

Human erythropoietin-modified human amniotic mesenchymal stem cellsvia subarachnoid transplantation promote neurologic recovery from brain injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that as a regulator of bone marrow functionerythropoietinis a glycoprotein that controls the development of the central nervous system and has neurotrophic and neuroprotective potential. Therefore, transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cels geneticaly modified by human erythropoietin is a new choice for brain injury treatment. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cels geneticaly modified byhuman erythropoietin on the functional recovery from brain injury in rats. METHODS:Eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1 carrying erythropoietin was successfuly constructed and transferred into amniotic mesenchymal stem cels culturedin vitro. Expression of erythropoietin was detected using western blot assay before and after transfection. Rat models of middle cerebral arterial occlusion was made and given transplantation of transfected amniotic mesenchymal stem celsviathe tail vein (transfection group). Additionaly, model and simple cel transplantation groups were set in a comparative study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Findings from western blot detection showed that transfected cels could express human erythropoietin. Compared with the other groups, modified neurologic severity scores, growth-associated protein 43 and aquaporin 9 at mRNA and protein levels were al decreased significantly in the transfection group. Furthermore, the number of cels positive for CM-Dil was highest in the transfectiongroup, folowed by simple cel transplantation group, and lowest in the model group (alP<0.05). Overal findings from this study show that human erythropoietin-modified human amniotic mesenchymal stem cel transplantation promotes neurologic recoveryfrom brain injury through eliciting a reduction in growth-associated protein 43 and aquaporin 9 at mRNA and protein levels as wel as inhibiting cel apoptosis.

Efficacy of Qiju Dihuang pills oral combined with polyethylene glycol external in meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye syndrome / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of Qiju Dihuang pills oral combined with polyethylene glycol external in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye syndrome.Methods A total of 144 cases with meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye syndrome, a total of 288 eyes, were collected and divided into two groups with 72 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were treated by polyethylene glycol external, and patients in the experimental group were treated by Qijudihuang pills oral combined with polyethylene glycol external.The tear film break-up time ( BUT) , schirmer test (schimer-1) and corneal fluorescent (FL) and dry eye subjective symptoms were recorded before treatment and after treatment 2 and 4 weeks,at the same time the clinical efficacy was compared.Results The clinical effective rate of the control group was 82.64%, which was lower than the experimental group (93.06%) after treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05); compared with before treatment, the tear film BUT and schirmer test of the experimental group were higher than the control group after treatment 2 and 4 weeks, corneal FL and subjective symptoms scored were lower than the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05).Conclusion Qiju Dihuang pills oral combined with polyethylene glycol external could effectively release the meibomian gland dysfunction dry eye symptoms and the effect is obvious.

Over-expression of LRIG1 suppresses biological function of pituitary adenoma via attenuation of PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways in vivo and in vitro / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are well known as a common intracranial benign tumor, and a portion of PAs are refractory to current therapeutic methods. ErbB receptors family signaling pathway regulates the expression of PAs activation associated gene. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can inhibit proliferation of PAs. Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains protein 1 ( LRIG1), a negative mediated gene of ErbB receptors family, plays a role in many tumors. However, there are seldom researches about the functional role of LRIG1 in PAs. The aim of this study is to explore the potential effect of LRIG1 and its regulating mechanism in PAs. First, we investigated the role of LRIG1 in cell migration, invasion of PAs with transfected LRIG1 or control. Then, we explored its impact on cell proliferation and apoptosis of PAs in vivo. To study the regulating mechanism of LRIG1, we examined the expression of molecular factor of PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/ERK pathway using Western blotting in vitro and RT-PCR in vitro and in vivo. It was found that LRIG1 over-expression inhibited cell migration, invasion and proliferation, and promoted apoptosis of PAs in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, LRIG1 suppressed the expression of signaling of PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways in PAs. LRIG1, as a negative mediated gene of tumor, can inhibit biological function of PAs via inhibiting PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/ERK pathways, and it might be a new target for gene therapy of PAs.

Elastic stable intramedullary nailingversus plate fixation for the repair of humeral fractures in children: a meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:There is no consensus on the choice of elastic stable intramedulary nailing or plate fixation for the treatment of humeral fractures in children.Current research is limited to smal-sample studies,and it is difficult to carry out a large-sample multicenter analysis.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of elastic stable intramedulary nailing and plate fixation for the treatment of humeral fractures in children with meta-analysis.METHODS: The PubMed database,EMbase database,CBM database,CNKI database,VIP database and Wangfang database were searched with computer to colect the controled trials of elastic stable intramedulary nailingversusplate fixation for humerus fractures in children,and related journals were manualy searched.The searching time ranged from the date of database establishment to August 2014.The trails were selected,the data were extracted and the quality was evaluated by two investigators independently.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two randomized controled trials and three retrospective controled trials were included in the meta-analysis.The Meta-analysis results showed that the postoperative functional recovery Constant score of the elastic stable intramedulary nailing group was higher than that of the plate fixation group (P＜0.01).The bone union time,operation time,incision length,intraoperative blood loss and the hospital stay of theelastic stable intramedulary nailing group were less than those of the plate fixation group (P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in incidence rate of complications,nonunion,wound infection and malunion between two groups (P＞0.05).Based on the current evidence,elastic stable intramedulary nailing for the treatment of humeral fractures in children is superior to the plate fixation in the efficacy.There is no significant difference in incidence rate of complications between elastic stable intramedulary nailing and plate fixation.But al the studies were smal-sample,and high-risk original study.Clinical trials with adequate samples,rational design and strict execution shal be carried out to provide more reliable evidence.

Meta analysis of clinical and pathological features of breast cancer in young women in China / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the clinical and pathological features of Chinese young breast cancer(age ≤ 35)with elder patients(> 35)using Meta analysis .Methods Published studies concerning clinical and pathological features of young breast cancer in China were searched systemically and assessed .Stata12 .0 software was used for data analyzing and calculating OR and its 95%CI .Results Totally 31 studies were selected for Meta analysis ,and most of them were classified as 6 - 7 scores ,which showed the quality of articles was high .The risk factors of breast cancer and its pooled odds ratio values with statistical significance were as fol‐lows 6 .42(95% CI :4 .22 - 9 .79) ,0 .61(95% CI :0 .50 - 0 .74)when clinical staging of 0 - Ⅱ phase or Ⅰ - Ⅱ phase ,2 .25(95% CI :1 .69 - 2 .99)when histological type of Invasive carcinoma ,1 .73(95% CI :1 .23 - 2 .43)when histological grade of III grade ,1 .80 (95% CI :1 .23 - 2 .43)when positive of lymph node metastasis .Conclusion Compared with elder breast cancer ,the clinical and pathological characteristics of young breast cancer were mainly for the high misdiagnosis rate ,the late clinical stage ,the high pro‐portion invasive carcinoma ,the poor histological differentiation and the lymph node metastasising easily ,the hint of young breast cancer screening and treatment may be different principles and measures should be adopted .

Clinical observation of chemotherapy combined with autologous cytokine-induced killer cells and dendritic cells for advanced gastric cancer / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of chemotherapy combined with cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells and dendritic cells (DC) on advanced gastric cancer. Methods Seventy-two cases with advanced gastric cancer (stage IV) treated in 309 Hospital of PLA from Jan. 2011 to Jan. 2013 were randomly divided into chemotherapy group and combined therapeutic group. Chemotherapy group consisted of 35 cases, received 6 to 10 cycles of chemotherapy with the protocol of FOLFOX 4. Combined therapeutic group consisted of 37 cases, beside receiving the same chemotherapeutical protocol, they were given autologous CIK cells combined with subcutaneous injection of DC near inguinal and axillary lymph nodes. The changes in tumor burden, cellular immune responses (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD56+, CD3–CD56+ and CD4+/CD8+) and the Karnofsky's grade were determined, and the 2-year survival rate of both groups was recorded. Results All patients were followed up for 9~30 months (average 22 months). The disease control rate (DCR) was significantly higher in combined therapeutic group (70.3%, 26/37) than in chemotherapy group (54.3%, 19/35, P+, CD4+, CD3+CD56+ and CD3–CD56+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ increased significantly after the treatment in the combined therapeutic group, while the proportion of CD8+ was lowered (P0.05). The 2-year survival rates in the chemotherapy group and the combined therapeutic group were 57.1% and 64.9%, respectively, with no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Chemotherapy combined with autologous CIK cells transfusion and DC injection may improve the treatment result in patients with advanced gastric cancer, by enhancing the autoimmune function, thus it improves the life quality, and it is found to be safe in treatment of patients suffering from advanced gastric cancer.

Construction of lentiviral vector for shRNA of MACC1 gene and its transfection into MB-231 / 重庆医学

Objective To construct a lentiviral vector for RNA interference(RNAi)of MACC1 gene and to detect the best trans-fection condition by transfected into MB-231 cells .Methods The siRNA was designed and converted into cDNA of shRNA (small hair pin RNA) of siRNA for MACC1 gene .The cDNA was synthesized and inserted into pMAGic lentiviral plasmid vector which was linearized by enzyme Age Ⅰ and EcoRⅠ .The recombinant plasmid was transformed into competent E .coli DH5α cells .The positive recombinant colony was selected by ampicillin medium agar and identified by DNA sequencing .The recombinant lentivirus was packaged into mature lentivirus by 293FT cells and used to infect MB-231 cells .To detected the transfection condition of high efficiency of infection and low multiplicity of infection .Results PCR and sequencing verified that the recombinant lentivirus plasmid MACC1-shRNA was successfully constructed .The best transfection condition was MOI=40 by transfected into MB-231 .Conclu-sion The lentiviral RNAi expression vector targeting MACC 1 gene is successfully constructed and it can infect MB-231 cells effi-ciently ,which lays the experimental foundation for the research on the changes of malignant biological activity of tumor cell lines and gene therapy .

Chitosan conduits with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells induce differentiation and growth of the nerve lateral bud / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which can directional y differentiate into neuron-like cells, secrete various cytokines, and provide the base for nerve regeneration. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To study the role of chitosan composite nerve conduit carrying umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in nerve end-to-side anastomosis. ＜br> METHODS:Thirty while rabbits were randomized into three groups. The central branch of the right posterior peroneal nerve were cut and proximal y ligated, and then sutured evaginably to the muscle. In the control group, the distal end of the common peroneal nerve were anastomosed into the tibial nerve at 30°-45°;in the stenting group, the chitosan conduit was bridged at the same interval and angle into the end-to-side anastomosis site between the tibial nerve and peroneal nerve;in the cel-stenting group, the chitosan conduit carrying human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was bridged at the same interval and angle into the end-to-side anastomosis site between the tibial nerve and peroneal nerve. After 12 weeks, gross observation, neurophysiological examination and anti-S-100 immunohistochemistry detection were performed. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After 12 weeks of operation, in the cel-stenting group, the conduit degraded completely, the nerve diameter was similar to that of the normal peroneal nerve, and the motor nerve conduction velocity was higher than that in the control and stenting groups (P＜0.01). Anti-S-100 immunohistochemistry results showed that a great amount of brownish red Schwann cells arranged around the regenerated nerve fibers in the cel-stenting group, while there was few and sparse brownish red substance, and the Schwann cells grew worse in the stenting and control groups. These findings suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have an obvious role in promoting nerve regeneration, induce bud growth, accelerate the growth rate of regenerated fibers, and improve growth and maturity of Schwann cells.

Tissue engineered artificial nerves repair sciatic nerve defect in rats:an evaluation using horseradish peroxidase retrograde tracer technique / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:We have previously prepared acellular nerve graft and implanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the graft, to successful y construct tissue engineered artificial nerves. OBJECTIVE:Horseradish peroxidase nerve retrograde tracer technique was used to evaluate protective effects on sensory neurons fol owing sciatic nerve defect bridging with tissue engineered artificial nerves constructed by acellular nerve graft and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rats. METHODS:Adult, clean, healthy, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three group:(1) Experimental group:Rat sciatic nerve detect was bridged by acellular nerve graft combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;(2) Blank control group:Rat sciatic nerve defect was bridged by acellular nerve graft;(3) Autologous nerve control group:Rat sciatic nerve defect was bridged by autologous nerve transplantation. Regeneration of sensory neurons in the spinal dorsal root ganglia was assessed using horseradish peroxidase nerve retrograde tracer technique at 12 weeks fol owing surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Sensory neuron regeneration in the spinal dorsal root ganglia at 12 weeks fol owing surgery was better in the experimental group compared with blank control group. No significant difference was detected between experimental group and autologous nerve control group. S-100 immunohistochemical staining in plantar skin showed brown positive reaction in each group. These findings indicate that tissue engineered artificial nerves constructed by acellular nerve graft and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have protective effects on sensory neurons in the spinal dorsal root ganglia, and can promote the recovery of sensory function and repair sciatic nerve defect in rats.

Characteristic and magnetic field analysis of a high temperature superconductor axial-flux coreless induction maglev motor.

A new high temperature superconductor axial-flux coreless maglev motor (HTS AFIM) is proposed, of which the primary windings are made of HTS tapes and the secondary is a non-magnetic conductor. The main works of this paper are the magnetic-field computation and characteristics analysis of HTS AFIM. For the first one, the reduction of magnetic fields near outer and inner radius of the HTS AFIM is solved by introducing the sub-loop electro-magnetic model along the radial position. For the second one, the AC losses of HTS coils are calculated. The relationships between the device's characteristics and device parameters are presented, and the results indicate that under certain frequency and current levitation device can output enough lift force. The conclusions are verified by finite element calculations.

Effects from cyclic mechanical stretch on proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effects from cyclic mechanical stretch on proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs). Methods In the experimental groups, cyclic mechanical stretch, with frequency of 1.0 Hz and magnitude of 3%, 6% and 9%, respectively, was applied to RA-FLSs for 2 h, 6 h, and 12 h. The control group remained in the same culture condition as the experimental groups, but without any mechanical stretch. After mechanical loading, the cell viability was analyzed by MTS, and its proliferation was assayed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to measure the gene expression of the cell cycle regulatory factors, including CDK2, cyclinD1, cyclinE1, and P27. Results Cyclic mechanical stretch with magnitude of 6% and 9% for 6 h or 12 h significantly decreased the cell proliferation and viability in RA-FLSs (P0.05). Conclusions The effects from cyclic mechanical stretch on proliferation of RA-FLSs depend on the stretch magnitude and duration. Mechanical stretch with magnitude of 6% and 9% can inhibit RA-FLSs proliferation, which may be achieved by regulating the expression of Cyclin E1, CDK2 and P27. This study provides references for investigating the role of mechanical stimulation in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, as well as its prevention and treatment.

Effects of salvianolic-acid B on the p38MAPK signaling pathway and its transcriptional factor induced by transforming growth factor b1 in activated rat hepatic stellate cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Salvianolic-acid B on p38MAPK signaling pathway and its transcriptional factor activated by Transforming growth factor b1 in rat hepatic stellate cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hepatic stellate cells were isolated from normal rat by in situ perfusion and Nycodenz density-gradient centrifugation method.TGFb1 (10 ng/ml), PD98059(50 mumol/L), SB203580(10 mumol/L) and SA-B (10-6 mol/L) were directly added to the medium of the isolated HSCs. Groups: (1)The detection of total p38, MKK3/6, MEF2A and MEF2C induced by TGFb1 in HSC: include control group, SA-B group, SA-B+TGFb1 group and TGFb1 group. (2)The detection of the phosphorylation of p38, MKK3/6 and a-SMA induced by TGFb1 in HSC: include control group, SA-B group, SA-B+TGFb1 group, TGFb1 group, PD98059 group, PD98059+SA-B group, PD98059+TGFb1 group and SA-B+PD98059+TGFb1 group. (3)The effects of SA-B on activity of MEF2 reporter and collagen a 1(I) reporter induced by TGFb1 in HSC: include mt group, wt group, TGFb1 group, SA-B+TGFb1 group, SA-B group, SB203580+TGFb1 group and SB203580 group. Total and phosphorylated p38 and MKK3/6, MEF2A, MEF2C and a-SMA were assayed by Western blot. HSCs were transfected with either MEF2 or collagen a1(I) luciferase reporter gene by Lipofectamine 2000 transfection method, Cellular extracts were assayed for both MEF2 and collagen a1(I) luciferase activities. Comparisons between groups were performed with Student-Newman-Keuls test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative expression level of the phosphorylation of p38 of SA-B group is 0.33+/-0.05,obviously lower than control group(q=7.08, P less than 0.01); SA-B+TGFb1 group is 0.46+/-0.04, obviously lower than TGF b1 group(q=10.45, P less than 0.01); The relative expression level of the phosphorylation of MKK3/6 of SA-B group is 0.11+/-0.07, obviously lower than control group(q=3.944, P less than 0.05); SA-B+TGF b1 group is 0.28+/-0.07, obviously lower than TGFb1 group (q=7.91, P less than 0.01); The relative luciferase activity of MEF2 reporter of SA-B+TGFb1 group and SB203580+TGF b1 group is 2.93+/-0.09 and 2.50+/-0.05 respectively, both obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=35.35 and 37.2, P less than 0.01); The relative expression level of MEF2C and MEF2A of SA-B group is 15.82+/-0.97 and 13.00+/-0.40 respectively, obviously lower than control group(q is 5.18 and 13.32, both P less than 0.01); SA-B+TGF b1 group is 13.40+/-0.72 and 20.47+/-0.83 respectively, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q is 43.93 and 12.52,both P less than 0.01); The relative expression level of a-SMA of SA-B+TGFb1 group is 8.76+/-0.44, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=20.35, P less than 0.01); SA-B+SB203580+TGFb1 group is only 3.57+/-0.49, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=39.78, P less than 0.01); The relative luciferase activity of collagen a1(I) reporter of SA-B+TGF b1 group and SB203580+TGFb1 group is 1.61+/-0.05 and 1.42+/-0.07 respectively, obviously lower than TGFb1 group(q=26.4 and 27.62, both P less than 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SA-B could inhibit activation of HSC induced by TGFb1 through inhibiting p38MAPK signaling pathway in hepatic stellate cells.</p>

Bioinformatics analysis and prediction for structure and function of nitric oxide synthase and similar proteins from Plasmodium berghei

OBJECTIVE@#To search and analyze nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and similar proteins from Plasmodium berghei(Pb).@*METHODS@#The structure and function of nitric oxide synthase and similar proteins from Plasmodium berghei were analyzed and predicted by bioinformatics.@*RESULTS@#PbNOS were not available, but nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2'-phosphate reduced tetrasodium (NADPH)-cytochrome p450 reductase(CPR) were gained. PbCPR was in the nucleus of Plasmodium berghei, while 134aa-229aa domain was localize in nucleolar organizer. The amino acids sequence of PbCPR had the closest genetic relationship with Plasmodium vivax showing a 73% homology. The tertiary structure of PbCPR displayed the forcep-shape with wings, but no wings existed in the tertiary structure of its' host, Mus musculus(Mm). 137aa-200aa, 201aa-218aa, 220aa-230aa, 232aa-248, 269aa-323aa, 478aa-501aa and 592aa-606aa domains of PbCPR showed no homology with MmCPRs', and all domains were exposed on the surface of the protein.@*CONCLUSIONS@#NOS can't be found in Plasmodium berghei and other Plasmodium species. PbCPR may be a possible resistance site of antimalarial drug, and the targets of antimalarial drug and vaccine. It may be also one of the mechanisms of immune evasion. This study on Plasmodium berghei may be more suitable to Plasmodium vivax. And 137aa-200aa, 201aa-218aa, 220aa-230aa, 232aa-248, 269aa-323aa, 478aa-501aa and 592aa-606aa domains of PbCPR are more ideal targets of antimalarial drug and vaccine.

Reconstructive techniques study after anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospectively compared 2 reconstructive techniques after the anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy. OBJECTIVE: To clinically compare the biomechanical stability and neurologic results of 2 reconstructive techniques after the anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy retrospectively. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous studies comparing different reconstruction techniques after the anterior decompression of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy have yielded mixed results. Some studies have reported a high incidence of graft-plate extrusion when 2 or more corpectomies are performed and reconstructed with a long segmental anterior plate fixation that spans the strut graft without supplemental posterior cervical fixation, a standalone cage and segmental plate fixation after combination 1 level discectomy and 1 level corpectomy used to treat multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reported have no evidence of late-onset instrumentation-related failure, although 2 techniques have never been directly compared in a consecutive series of patients clinically. METHODS: A retrospective study of 59 patients with multilevel (3 levels) cervical spondylotic myelopathy treated with 1 of 2 anterior decompression and reconstruction methods were compared. Copectomy method (39 patients) is 2-level corpectomies and long segment end-construct plate fixation; hybrid method (20 patients) is standalone cage and segmental plate fixation after 1-level discectomy combined with 1-level corpectomy. RESULTS: The follow-up (mean18 mo) results show both methods had similar, satisfactory recovery of neurologic function (P>0.05). There were 7 cases of graft/plate migrations or dislodgments (17.9%) and 4 of these required revision surgery among 39 patients with corpectomy method, as compared with no graft/implant-related complications or nonunion among 20 patients with hybrid method (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly demonstrates that, adequate decompression can be achieved for the multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy with both methods, and the hybrid method offers better biomechanical stability and fusion results than the corpectomy method, and obviates the need for staged circumferential procedures.

Repairing rat sciatic nerve defects with the compound of acellular nerve graft and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have successfully prepared the natural and biologically degraded acellular nerve graft and have proved the effect of promoting neural regeneration.OBJECTIVE: To construct tissue engineered artificial nerve with acellular nerve graft and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and to observe the effect of promoting motor functional recovery and repairing rat sciatic nerve defects. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control animal experiment was performed in the Medical TIssue Engineering Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University between June 2008 and February 2009. MATERIALS: Wistar adult healthy male rats weighing 180-200 g were used to prepare acellular nerve graft, while Wistar adult healthy male rats weighing 100-120 g were used to prepare bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue engineered artificial nerve was produced with acellular nerve graft co-cultured with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Sixty Wistar adult healthy male rats weighing 180-200 g were induced sciatic nerve defect models, 15 mm long. SD rats were divided into three groups at random with 20 animals in each group. ①Experiment group: Rat sciatic nerve defects were bridged with tissue engineered artificial nerve. ②Blank control group: Rat sciatic nerve defects were bridged with tissue engineered nerve scaffold. ③Autologous nerve control group: Rat sciatic nerve defects were bridged with autologous nerve graft. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 12 weeks postoperation, the recovery of motor function was evaluated with gross observation, electrophysiology, histological observation and triceps surae wet weight.RESULTS: ①At 12 weeks postoperation, the toes at the operation side could separate and supported to the ground in the experiment group; there was no significant difference in the regenerated nerve conduction velocity between experimental group and autologous nerve graft group. ②At 12 weeks postoperation, histochemical stain results showed AchE-positive motor end-plate arranged regulady in the middle and superior part of gestrocnemius muscle to form end-plate zone in the experiment group. By use of silver staining, the regenerated nerve tract and the emergent branch were shown to be connected with motor end-plate.③There was no significant difference in the tibialis anterior muscle wet weight between experimental group and autologous nerve graft group. CONCLUSION: Bridging acellular nerve graft and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into rat sciatic nerve defects can promote motor functional recovery.

Thrombus formation in vivo / 医用生物力学

The mechanism of thrombus formation in living vessel wall is complex and involves a combination of blood and vessel wall properties and local flow conditions.The significance，theory and experimental tech-niques of thrombus formation in vivo were comprehensively reviewed.Particularly,the important role of signa-ling pathway and hemodynamic in thrombus formation in vivo was pointed out.The difficulty ic in vivo animal models was analyzed.Some recent new phenomena as welt as new approaches and directions worthy of in-vestigation also were summarized.

Thrombus formation in vivo / 医用生物力学

The mechanism of thrombus formation in living vessel wall is complex and involves a combination of blood and vessel wall properties and local flow conditions.The significance，theory and experimental tech-niques of thrombus formation in vivo were comprehensively reviewed.Particularly,the important role of signa-ling pathway and hemodynamic in thrombus formation in vivo was pointed out.The difficulty ic in vivo animal models was analyzed.Some recent new phenomena as welt as new approaches and directions worthy of in-vestigation also were summarized.