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J Biol Chem ; 299(9): 105072, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37474104

RESUMO

Eukaryotic protein kinases (EPKs) adopt an active conformation following phosphorylation of a particular activation loop residue. Most EPKs spontaneously autophosphorylate this residue. While structure-function relationships of the active conformation are essentially understood, those of the "prone-to-autophosphorylate" conformation are unclear. Here, we propose that a site within the αC-helix of EPKs, occupied by Arg in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Erk1/2 (Arg84/65), impacts spontaneous autophosphorylation. MAPKs lack spontaneous autoactivation, but we found that converting Arg84/65 of Erk1/2 to various residues enables spontaneous autophosphorylation. Furthermore, Erk1 molecules mutated in Arg84 are oncogenic. Arg84/65 thus obstructs the adoption of the "prone-to-autophosphorylate" conformation. All MAPKs harbor an Arg that is equivalent to Arg84/65 of Erks, whereas Arg is rarely found at the equivalent position in other EPKs. We observed that Arg84/65 of Erk1/2 interacts with the DFG motif, suggesting that autophosphorylation may be inhibited by the Arg84/65-DFG interactions. Erk1/2s mutated in Arg84/65 autophosphorylate not only the TEY motif, known as critical for catalysis, but also on Thr207/188. Our MS/MS analysis revealed that a large proportion of the Erk2R65H population is phosphorylated on Thr188 or on Tyr185 + Thr188, and a small fraction is phosphorylated on the TEY motif. No molecules phosphorylated on Thr183 + Thr188 were detected. Thus, phosphorylation of Thr183 and Thr188 is mutually exclusive suggesting that not only TEY-phosphorylated molecules are active but perhaps also those phosphorylated on Tyr185 + Thr188. The effect of mutating Arg84/65 may mimic a physiological scenario in which allosteric effectors cause Erk1/2 activation by autophosphorylation.


Assuntos
Arginina , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno , Fosforilação , Arginina/metabolismo , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular , Células HEK293 , Ativação Enzimática/genética , Mutação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/química , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/química , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Modelos Moleculares , Cristalização , Sequência de Aminoácidos
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