First Report of Tomato Yellow Mottle-Associated Virus Infecting Tobacco in China.

Tomato yellow mottle-associated virus (TYMaV) belongs to the genus Cytorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae and has been reported to infect a variety of Solanaceae crops, such as Solanum lycopersicum, S. nigrum, Capsicum annuum and Nicotiana benthamiana (Li et al. 2022, Li et al. 2023, Xu et al. 2017, Zhou et al. 2019). In August 2022, about 500 out of 2000 tobacco (N. tabacum) plants showing leaf distortion, crinkling and mosaic symptoms were found in one tobacco growing field in Xingren City, Guizhou Province, China. To identify the causal pathogen(s), leaves from 20 symptomatic tobacco plants were collected and pooled to perform small RNA deep sequencing (sRNA-Seq) and assembly. Briefly, total RNA was extracted with TRIzol Reagent (Takara, Kusatsu, Japan). A small RNA cDNA library was constructed by the small RNA Sample Pre Kit. sRNA-Seq was performed with an Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. About 29 million reads were obtained and 334 contigs generated after removal of host-derived sequences. Among them, 31 unique contigs mapped to the TYMaV genome (NC_034240.1), covering 28.43% of the genome with the mean read coverage of 0.92%. Meanwhile, 226 contigs mapped to the genome of a potyvirus, chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV, NC_005778.1), covering 88.79% of the genome with the mean read coverage of 0.83%. To verify the sRNA-Seq result for TYMaV identification, reverse transcription (RT)- PCR was performed with specific primers TYMaV-F (5'-CTGACGTAGTGTTGGCAGAT-3') and TYMaV-R (5'-AACCTCCATGCAGAACCATGG-3'). The expected-size 936-bp fragment was amplified from total RNA of all 20 samples. Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Dot-ELISA) with antibody for TYMaV (kindly provided by Dr. Zhenggang Li from Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences) were performed and further verified TYMaV infection. In addition, five asymptomatic tobacco plants from the same field as controls were used to detect TYMaV by RT-PCR and Dot-ELISA, and all samples showed negative test results. Subsequently, 17 primer pairs (Supplementary Table 1) were used to obtain the full-length sequence of TYMaV from a single positive tobacco sample by RT-PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing at Sangon Biotech (Shanghai, China). The resulting amplicon sequences were assembled into a nearly full-length genome sequence of a TYMaV isolate from tobacco in Guizhou (TYMaV-GZ). BLASTn analysis of the 13, 393 nt-long sequence (GeneBank accession number, PP444718) revealed 84.7% and 87.2% nt sequence identity with the TYMaV tomato isolate (KY075646.1) and the TYMaV S. nigrum isolate (MW527091.1), respectively. Moreover, five S. nigrum plants showing leaf crinkling and mosaic symptoms from tobacco fields tested positive for TYMaV by RT-PCR assay, suggesting a potential spread of TYMaV between tobacco and S. nigrum, which may serve as a reservoir for the virus in the tobacco fields. However, the transmission route of TYMaV remains unknown, and further verification is needed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of TYMaV infecting tobacco crop in China. It will be important to assess the potential economic importance of TYMaV to tobacco production in China and elsewhere, and to elucidate the respective roles of this virus and ChiVMV in the leaf distorting and yellowing symptoms.

LncRNA RGMB-AS1 inhibits HMOX1 ubiquitination and NAA10 activation to induce ferroptosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death caused by excessive lipid peroxide accumulation, has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we identified the long non-coding RNA RGMB-AS1 as a key regulator of ferroptosis in NSCLC. Mechanistically, RGMB-AS1 interacted with heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and prevented its ubiquitination by the E3 ligase TRC8, leading to increased HMOX1 stability and enhanced ferroptosis. Additionally, RGMB-AS1 bound to the 82-87 amino acid region of N-alpha-acetyltransferase 10 (NAA10), stimulating its acetyltransferase activity and promoting the conversion of acetyl-CoA to HMG-CoA, further contributing to ferroptosis. The RGMB-AS1-HMOX1 and RGMB-AS1-NAA10 axes synergistically inhibited NSCLC growth both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, low RGMB-AS1 expression was associated with advanced tumor stage and poor overall survival in NSCLC patients. Furthermore, adeno-associated virus-mediated RGMB-AS1 overexpression significantly suppressed tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Our findings uncover a novel lncRNA-mediated regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis and highlight the potential of RGMB-AS1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC.

Positive associations fuel soil biodiversity and ecological networks worldwide.

Microbial interactions are key to maintaining soil biodiversity. However, whether negative or positive associations govern the soil microbial system at a global scale remains virtually unknown, limiting our understanding of how microbes interact to support soil biodiversity and functions. Here, we explored ecological networks among multitrophic soil organisms involving bacteria, protists, fungi, and invertebrates in a global soil survey across 20 regions of the planet and found that positive associations among both pairs and triads of soil taxa governed global soil microbial networks. We further revealed that soil networks with greater levels of positive associations supported larger soil biodiversity and resulted in lower network fragility to withstand potential perturbations of species losses. Our study provides unique evidence of the widespread positive associations between soil organisms and their crucial role in maintaining the multitrophic structure of soil biodiversity worldwide.

Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveal the competitive relationship between co-cultured Trichoderma asperellum HG1 and Bacillus subtilis Tpb55.

Microbial co-culture has proven to be an effective way to improve the ability of microorganisms to biocontrol. However, the interactive mechanisms of co-cultural microbes, especially between fungi and bacteria, have rarely been studied. By comparative analysis of morphology, transcriptomics and metabolomics, the interactive mechanisms of a sequential co-culture system of Trichoderma asperellum HG1 and Bacillus subtilis Tpb55 was explored in this study. The results revealed that co- culture has no significant effect on the growth and cell morphology of the two strains, but lead to mycelium wrinkling of HG1. RNA-seq analysis showed that co-culture significantly upregulated the HG1 genes concerning amino acid degradation and metabolism, proteolysis, resisting environmental stress, cell homeostasis, glycolysis, the glyoxylate cycle, and the citric acid (TCA) cycle, while Tpb55 genes related to cell homeostasis, spore formation and membrane fluidization were significantly upregulated, but genes associating to TCA, glycolytic cycles and fatty acid ß-oxidation were significantly downregulated. Metabolomic results revealed that some amino acids related to energy metabolism were significantly altered in HG1, whereas palmitic acid, which is related to cell membrane functions, was upregulated in Tpb55. These results indicated that HG1 could interfere with carbon metabolism and cell membrane fluidity, but accelerate spore formation of Tpb55. Biophysical assays further convinced that co-culture could decrease ATP content and inhibit ATPase activity in HG1, and could promote spore formation and reduce the cell membrane fluidity of Tpb55. In addition, co-culture also accelerated the production of intracellular anti-oomycete compound octhilinone. The above results indicate that HG1 and Tpb55 are mainly in a competitive relationship in the co culture system. These findings provide new insights for understanding the interaction mechanism between co cultured microbes.

Study of Tribological Properties and Evolution of Morphological Characteristics of Transfer Films in PTFE Composites Synergistically Reinforced with Nano-ZrO2 and PEEK Particles.

The materials tribology community has identified that the transfer film attached to the surface of the counterpart metal during the friction process is not only closely related to the filler modification material but also a key factor affecting the tribological properties of polymer composites; however, there is a lack of feasible methods to quantify the characteristics of the transfer film. In this study, Nano-ZrO2 and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) were filled into a PTFE matrix in order to enhance the wear resistance of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The tribological properties of the modified PTFE composites were tested using a linear reciprocating friction and wear tester, and the entire friction experiment was designed in seven separate stages. Morphological features were extracted and analyzed from photographs of the transfer film acquired by optical microscopy at each friction stage using an image processing program. The thickness and roughness of the transfer film sections were measured using a non-contact profilometer. Abrasive debris were collected, and their morphological features were observed with an electron microscope. The results showed that the synergistic addition of soft PEEK and hard Nano-ZrO2 particles effectively inhibited interlayer slippage between PTFE molecular chains, dramatically reducing the size and yield of abrasive debris, and facilitated the improvement of the thickness and firmness of the transfer film, which significantly enhanced the wear resistance of the PTFE composites (the lowest volumetric wear rate for Nano-ZrO2/PEEK/PTFE was only 1.76 × 10-4 mm3/Nm). Quantitative analyses of the morphological characteristics of the transfer films revealed that the coverage and roundness of the transfer films gradually increase with the friction stroke, while the aspect ratio and texture entropy subsequently decrease gradually. The coverage, area, mean, third-order moments, and consistency of the transfer film strongly correlated with the volumetric wear rate (correlation coefficient |r| > 0.9).

Finite Element Analysis and Computational Fluid Dynamics Verification of Molten Pool Characteristics During Selective Laser Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Plates.

The finite element (FE) method is used to characterize the thermal gradient, solidification rate, and molten pool sizes of Ti-6Al-4V plates in the process of selective laser melting (SLM). The results are verified by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The proposed FE model contains a series of toolpath information that is directly converted from a G-code file, including hatch spacing, laser power, layer thickness, dwell time, and scanning speed generated by using Slic3r software from a CAD file. A proposed multi-layer, multi-track FE model is used to investigate the influence of the laser power, scanning speed, and scanning path on the microstructure in the Ti-6Al-4V plate built via SLM. The processing window is also determined based on the proposed FE model. The FE results indicate that, with a decrease in the laser power and an increase in the scanning speed, the morphology of the crystal grains, showing fully columnar crystals, gradually deviates from the fully equiaxed region. The formed grains are dependent on the laser power, scanning speed, and deposition position, but they are not sensitive to the scanning path, and with the deposition from the bottom layer to the top layer, the size of the formed grains is gradually increasing, which shows a good agreement with the experimental results.

Combination of Transcriptomics and Proteomics Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes and Proteins in the Skin of EDAR Gene-Targeted and Wildtype Cashmere Goats.

Cashmere goats play a pivotal role in the animal hair industry and are economically valuable. Cashmere is produced through the periodic growth of secondary hair follicles. To improve their yield of cashmere, the regulatory mechanisms of cashmere follicle growth and development need to be analysed. Therefore, in this study, EDAR gene-targeted cashmere goats were used as an animal model to observe the phenotypic characteristics of abnormal hair growth and development at the top of the head. Transcriptomic and proteomic techniques were used to screen for differentially expressed genes and proteins. In total, 732 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 395 upregulated and 337 downregulated genes. In addition, 140 differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 69 upregulated and 71 downregulated proteins. These results provide a research target for elucidating the mechanism through which EDAR regulates hair follicle growth in cashmere goats. It also enriches the available data on the regulatory network involved in hair follicle growth.

Polyphyllin D punctures hypertrophic lysosomes to reverse drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting acid sphingomyelinase.

Hypertrophic lysosomes are critical for tumor progression and drug resistance; however, effective and specific lysosome-targeting compounds for cancer therapy are lacking. Here we conducted a lysosomotropic pharmacophore-based in silico screen in a natural product library (2,212 compounds), and identified polyphyllin D (PD) as a novel lysosome-targeted compound. PD treatment was found to cause lysosomal damage, as evidenced by the blockade of autophagic flux, loss of lysophagy, and the release of lysosomal contents, thus exhibiting anticancer effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell both in vitro and in vivo. Closer mechanistic examination revealed that PD suppressed the activity of acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1), a lysosomal phosphodieserase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to produce ceramide and phosphocholine, by directly occupying its surface groove, with Trp148 in SMPD1 acting as a major binding residue; this suppression of SMPD1 activity irreversibly triggers lysosomal injury and initiates lysosome-dependent cell death. Furthermore, PD-enhanced lysosomal membrane permeabilization to release sorafenib, augmenting the anticancer effect of sorafenib both in vivo and in vitro. Overall, our study suggests that PD can potentially be further developed as a novel autophagy inhibitor, and a combination of PD with classical chemotherapeutic anticancer drugs could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for HCC intervention.

Comparative mitogenomes reveal diverse and novel gene rearrangements in the genus Meteorus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

Meteorus Haliday, 1835 is a cosmopolitan genus within Braconidae (Hymenoptera). They are koinobiont endoparasitoids of Coleoptera or Lepidoptera larvae. Only one mitogenome of this genus was available. Here, we sequenced and annotated three mitogenomes of Meteorus species, and found that the tRNA gene rearrangements in these mitogenomes were rich and diverse. Compared with the ancestral organization, only seven tRNAs (trnW, trnY, trnL2, trnH, trnT, trnP and trnV) were conserved and trnG had its own unique location in the four mitogenomes. This dramatic tRNA rearrangement was not observed in mitogenomes of other insect groups before. In addition, the tRNA cluster (trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1-trnE-trnF) between nad3 and nad5 was rearranged into two patterns, i.e., trnE-trnA-trnR-trnN-trnS1 and trnA-trnR-trnS1-trnE-trnF-trnN. The phylogenetic results showed that the Meteorus species formed a clade within the subfamily Euphorinae, and were close to Zele (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae). In the Meteorus, two clades were reconstructed: M. sp. USNM and Meteorus pulchricornis forming one clade while the remaining two species forming another clade. This phylogenetic relationship also matched the tRNA rearrangement patterns. The diverse and phylogenetic signal of tRNA rearrangements within one genus provided insights into tRNA rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome at genus/species levels in insects.

Quantitative Measurement of Morphological Characteristics of PTFE Composite Transfer Films Based on Computer Graphics.

In this paper, the tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites filled with Nano-ZrO2 and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) particles were tested for sliding friction against a counterpart metal (ASTM 1045 steel) using a linear reciprocating friction and wear experimental machine. Data on tribological performance and optical images of the transfer film were obtained at various friction stages for the material. MATLAB software was employed to develop quantitative analysis procedures for the morphological characteristics of the transfer film. The program enables image enhancement and morphological processing of transfer film images, then identifies, extracts, and quantifies the geometric and textural properties of the transfer film as a foundation for analyzing the variation of the characteristics and their relationship to the tribological properties of the material. The results demonstrated that the geometric, morphological, and textural characteristics of the transfer film were dynamically developing during the friction process, with noticeable differences between various friction stages and a significant impact on the tribological properties of the material. Quantitative analysis revealed a good correlation between the trends of some morphological and textural characteristics (the coverage, area, diameter, roundness, consistency, and texture entropy) of the transfer film and the wear resistance of the PTFE composite. Therefore, these morphological and textural characteristics can thus be used to quantify the transfer film quality and utilized as an indirect indicator of the tribological properties of the material.

A water-soluble NIR fluorescent probe capable of rapid response and selective detection of hydrogen sulfide in food samples and living cells.

DDAO (1,3-Dichloro-7-hydroxy-9,9-dimethyl-2(9H)-acridone) is a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore that has received increasing attention in recent years, exhibiting near-infrared emission at 658 nm, low pKa (∼5.0), good water solubility and high quantum yield (Φ = 0.39). The reported DDAO-based fluorescent probes can be applied to biological imaging ofenzymes and other substances in vivo with high sensitivity and selectivity. Herein, using -OCN as the detection group, a novel NIR H2S fluorescent probe DDAO-CN based on DDAO was designed and synthesized. In PBS buffer (10 mM, pH 7.4), probe DDAO-CN displayed specific selection, short response time (within 10 s) and low detection limit (4.3 nM) towards to H2S under the catalysis of CTAB. At the same time, the probe is able to sense H2S gas produced by food spoilage via the fluorescent test strip loaded with DDAO-CN. Moreover, since the probe has optimal pH range (6.0-9.0), it has been successfully used for bioimaging H2S in the HeLa cells with low cytotoxicity.

Targeting ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction to suppress colorectal cancer metastasis and vemurafenib resistance.

INTRODUCTION: Acquired resistance to BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib is frequently observed in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), and it is a thorny issue that results in treatment failure. As adaptive responses for vemurafenib treatment, a series of cellular bypasses are response for the adaptive feedback reactivation of ERK signaling, which warrant further investigation. OBJECTIVES: We identified ARF1 (ADP-ribosylation factor 1) as a novel regulator of both vemurafenib resistance and cancer metastasis, its molecular mechanism and potential inhibitor were investigated in this study. METHODS: DIA-based quantitative proteomics and RNA-seq were performed to systematic analyze the profiling of vemurafenib-resistant RKO cells (RKO-VR) and highly invasive RKO cells (RKO-I8), respectively. Co­immunoprecipitation assay was performed to detect the interaction of ARF1 and IQGAP1 (IQ-domain GTPase activating protein 1). An ELISA-based drug screen system on FDA-approved drug library was established to screen the compounds against the interaction of ARF1-IQGAP1.The biological functions of ARF1 and LY2835219 were determined by transwell, western blotting, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and in vivo experimental metastasis assays. RESULTS: We found that ARF1 strongly interacted with IQGAP1 to activate ERK signaling in VR and I8 CRC cells. Deletion of IQGAP1 or inactivation of ARF1 (ARF-T48S) restored the invasive ability induced by ARF1. As ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction is essential for ERK activation, we screened LY2835219 as novel inhibitor of ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction, which inactivated ERK signaling and suppressed CRC metastasis and vemurafenib-resistance in vitro and in vivo with no observed side effect. Furthermore, LY2835219 in combined treatment with vemurafenib exerted significantly inhibitory effect on ARF1-mediated cancer metastasis than used independently. CONCLUSION: This study uncovers that ARF1-IQGAP1 interaction-mediated ERK signaling reactivation is critical for vemurafenib resistance and cancer metastasis, and that LY2835219 is a promising therapeutic agent for CRC both as a single agent and in combination with vemurafenib.

Synthesis of Tryptamines from Radical Cyclization of 2-Iodoaryl Allenyl Amines and Coupling with 2-Azallyls.

An efficient synthesis of tryptamines is developed. Indole structures were constructed using 2-iodoaryl allenyl amines as electron acceptors and radical cyclization precursors. Radical-radical coupling of indolyl methyl radicals and azaallyl radicals led to the tryptamine derivatives. The utility and versatility of this method are showcased by the synthesis of 22 examples of tryptamines in ≤88% yield. In each case, indole formation is accompanied by in situ removal of the Boc protecting group.

Profound Change in Soil Microbial Assembly Process and Co-occurrence Pattern in Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 and Bacillus aryabhattai MB35-5 on Soybean.

Rhizosphere microbial communities are vital for plant growth and soil sustainability; however, the composition of rhizobacterial communities, especially the assembly process and co-occurrence pattern among microbiota after the inoculation of some beneficial bacteria, remains considerably unclear. In this study, we investigated the structure of rhizomicrobial communities, their assembly process, and interactions contrasting when Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 and Bacillus aryabhattai MB35-5 are co-inoculated or Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 mono-inoculated in black and cinnamon soils of soybean fields. The obtained results indicated that the Chao and Shannon indices were all higher in cinnamon soil than that in black soil. In black soil, the co-inoculation increased the Shannon indices of bacteria comparing with that of the mono-inoculation. In cinnamon soil, the co-inoculation decreased the Chao indices of fungi comparing with that of mono-inoculation. Compared with the mono-inoculation, the interactions of microorganisms of co-inoculation in the co-occurrence pattern increased in complexity, and the nodes and edges of co-inoculation increased by 10.94, 40.18 and 4.82, 16.91% for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 and Bacillus aryabhattai MB35-5 increased the contribution of stochastic processes comparing with Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 inoculation in the assembly process of soil microorganisms, and owing to the limitation of species diffusion might restrict the direction of pathogenic microorganism movement. These findings support the feasibility of rebuilding the rhizosphere microbial system via specific microbial strain inoculation and provide evidence that the co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5038 and Bacillus aryabhattai MB35-5 can be adopted as an excellent compound rhizobia agent resource for the sustainable development of agriculture.

Crowning Lithium Ions in Hole-Transport Layer toward Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

State-of-the-art perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit comparable power conversion efficiency (PCE) to that of silicon photovoltaic devices. However, the device stability remains a major obstacle that restricts widespread application. Doping-induced hygroscopicity, ion diffusion, and use of polar solvents in the hole-transport layer are detrimental factors for performance degradation of PSCs. Here, phase-transfer-catalyzed LiTFSI doping in Spiro-OMeTAD is developed to address these negative impacts. 12-Crown-4 as an efficient phase-transfer catalyst promotes the dissolution of LiTFSI without requiring acetonitrile. A combined experimental and theoretical study demonstrates the host-guest interaction between Li+ ions and 12-crown-4. Crowning Li+ ions by forming more stable and less diffusive crown-ether-Li+ complexes retards the generation of hygroscopic lithium oxides and mitigates Li+ -ion migration. Optimized PSCs deliver enhanced PCE and significantly improved stability under humid and thermal conditions compared with a control device. This method can also be applied to dope π-conjugated polymer. The findings provide a facile avenue to improve the long-term stability of PSCs.

Continental-scale plant invasions reshuffle the soil microbiome of blue carbon ecosystems.

Theory and experiments support that plant invasions largely impact aboveground biodiversity and function. Yet, much less is known on the influence of plant invasions on the structure and function of the soil microbiome of coastal wetlands, one of the largest major reservoirs of biodiversity and carbon on Earth. We studied the continental-scale invasion of Spartina alterniflora across 2451 km of Chinese coastlines as our model-system and found that S. alterniflora invasion can largely influence the soil microbiome (across six depths from 0 to 100 cm), compared with the most common microhabitat found before invasion (mudflats, Mud). In detail, S. alterniflora invasion was not only positively associated with bacterial richness but also resulted in important biotic homogenization of bacterial communities, suggesting that plant invasion can lead to important continental scale trade-offs in the soil microbiome. We found that plant invasion changed the community composition of soil bacterial communities across the soil profile. Moreover, the bacterial communities associated with S. alterniflora invasions where less responsive to climatic changes than those in native Mud microhabitats, suggesting that these new microbial communities might become more dominant under climate change. Plant invasion also resulted in important reductions in the complexity and stability of microbial networks, decoupling the associations between microbes and carbon pools. Taken together, our results indicated that plant invasions can largely influence the microbiome of coastal wetlands at the scale of China, representing the first continental-scale example on how plant invasions can reshuffle the soil microbiome, with consequences for the myriad of functions that they support.

Highly bioactive iridium metal-complex alleviates spinal cord injury via ROS scavenging and inflammation reduction.

Generation of a promising antioxidative reagent with superior biocompatibility is urgently needed to remedy spinal cord injuries (SCI), repair the damaged neurons and restrain the secondary injuries caused by inflammation-induced oxidative stress. Inhibitory elements in the injury sites and necessitous inherent neural regeneration ability were major challenges for functional recovery after spinal cord injuries. We here developed a highly bioactive iridium complex (IrFPHtz) with enhanced antioxidative activities and improved SCI therapeutic efficacy. Both in vivo and in vitro, IrFPHtz has exhibited neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Mechanically, IrFPHtz directly targets SOD1 and upregulates the expression of SOD1 to eliminate the excess Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production induced by SCI, and thus protecting neuron cells from further damage. As a result, IrFPHtz safeguarded the neurons and myelin sheaths against trauma, lessened glial scar conformations and facilitated the repair of neurons and long axon expansion in the glial scar. Furthermore, IrFPHtz significantly ameliorated the behavioral functions of SCI mice and promoted a satisfactory curative effect. Therefore, this study sheds light on a novel method for SCI treatment using IrFPHtz as a potential drug and implicates the clinical significance of metal complexes in diseases featuring with upregulated ROS species.

Distinct Co-occurrence Relationships and Assembly Processes of Active Methane-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities Between Paddy and Natural Wetlands of Northeast China.

Studies of methane-oxidizing bacteria are updating our views of their composition and function in paddy and natural wetlands. However, few studies have characterized differences in the methane-oxidizing bacterial communities between paddy and natural wetlands. Here, we conducted a 13C stable isotope-probing experiment and high-throughput sequencing to determine the structure profiling, co-occurrence relationships, and assembly processes of methanotrophic communities in four wetlands of Northeast China. There was a clear difference in community structure between paddy and natural wetlands. LEfSe analyses revealed that Methylobacter, FWs, and Methylosinus were enriched in natural wetlands, while Methylosarcina were prevailing in paddy, all identified as indicative methanotrophs. We observed distinct co-occurrence relationships between paddy and natural wetlands: more robust and complex connections in natural wetlands than paddy wetlands. Furthermore, the relative importance of stochastic processes was greater than that of deterministic processes, as stochastic processes explained >50% of the variation in communities. These results demonstrated that the co-occurrence relationships and assembly processes of active methanotrophic communities in paddy and natural wetlands were distinct. Overall, the results of this study enhance our understanding of the communities of methane-oxidizing bacteria in paddy and natural wetlands of Northeast China.