Lead Isolation and Capture in Perovskite Photovoltaics toward Eco-Friendly Commercialization.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developed rapidly in efficiency and stability in recent years, which can compete with silicon solar cells. However, an important obstacle to the commercialization of PSCs is the toxicity of lead ions (Pb2+) from water-soluble perovskites. The entry of free Pb2+ into organisms can cause severe harm to humans, such as blood lead poisoning, organ failure, etc. Therefore, this work reports a "lead isolation-capture" dual detoxification strategy with calcium disodium edetate (EDTA Na-Ca), which can inhibit lead leakage from PSCs under extreme conditions. More importantly, leaked lead exists in a nontoxic aggregation state chelated by EDTA. For the first time, in vivo experiments are conducted in mice to systematically prove that this material has a significant inhibitory effect on the toxicity of perovskites. In addition, this strategy can further enhance device performance, enabling the optimized devices to achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.19%. This innovative strategy is a major breakthrough in the research on the prevention of lead toxicity in PSCs.

Improvement of Perovskite Solar Cells Efficiency by Management of the Electron Withdrawing Groups in Hole Transport Materials: Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification.

Management of functional groups in hole transporting materials (HTMs) is a feasible strategy to improve perovskite solar cells (PSCs) efficiency. Therefore, starting from the carbazole-diphenylamine-based JY7 molecule, JY8 and JY9 molecules are incorporated into the different electron-withdrawing groups of fluorine and cyano groups on the side chains. The theoretical results reveal that the introduction of electron-withdrawing groups of JY8 and JY9 can improve these highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, intermolecular stacking arrangements, and stronger interface adsorption on the perovskite. Especially, the results of molecular dynamics (MD) indicate that the fluorinated JY8 molecule can yield a preferred surface orientation, which exhibits stronger interface adsorption on the perovskite. To validate the computational model, the JY7-JY9 are synthesized and assembled into PSC devices. Experimental results confirm that the HTMs of JY8 exhibit outstanding performance, such as high hole mobility, low defect density, and efficient hole extraction. Consequently, the PSC devices based on JY8 achieve a higher PCE than those of JY7 and JY9. This work highlights the management of the electron-withdrawing groups in HTMs to realize the goal of designing HTMs for the improvement of PSC efficiency.

Mental health and psychosocial interventions to limit the adverse psychological effects of disasters and emergencies in China: a scoping review.

Exposure to disasters and public health emergencies negatively affects mental health. Research documenting the psychosocial responses to these calamities in China increased dramatically after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the available literature on China's mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) responses to these events. This scoping review systematically maps existing published research and grey literature sources regarding MHPSS to disasters and emergencies in China. We examined relevant literature in English and Chinese from six databases and official websites from Jan 1, 2000, to Aug 13, 2021, and included 77 full-text records in this review. The main types of interventions reported included a) stepped care intervention models, b) individual structured psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, c) mental health education, d) psychological counselling, and e) government-based policy interventions. Most interventions were evaluated using quantitative methods that assessed the treatment of common mental disorders. The review found that rapid national mobilization, emphasis on resilience-strengthening interventions, and the widespread use of step-care models were essential components of reducing the adverse psychosocial effects of disasters. The review also identified remaining gaps, including a) a lack of integration of disaster-related services with the pre-existing health care system, b) inadequate supervision of MHPSS providers, and c) limited monitoring and evaluation of the services provided. These results show where additional research is needed in China to improve mental health services. It also provides a framework that other countries can adapt when developing and evaluating MHPSS policies and plans in response to disasters.

Highly Stable Polyaniline-Based Cathode Material Enabled by Phosphorene for Zinc-Ion Batteries with Superior Specific Capacity and Cycle Life.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are regarded as a type of promising energy-storage device because of their high safety and low cost, and polyaniline (PANI) is normally employed as a cathode material for ZIBs owing to its unique electrochemical properties and high environmental stability. However, a low specific capacity and a short cycle life limit the development and applications of PANI-based electrodes. Herein, we have developed a novel type of highly stable PANI-based cathode material enabled by phosphene (PR) for aqueous Zn-PANI batteries through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization. The introduction of PR nanoflakes not only inhibits the degradation of PANI and generates more active sites for Zn2+ storage but also enables a synergistic effect of the Zn2+ insertion/extraction and P-Zn alloying reaction. This promotes a high reversible specific capacity of 240.2 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and excellent rate performance for the PR/PANI nanocomposite cathode material. Compared to the pristine PANI cathode material, the PR/PANI nanocomposite cathode material is more suitable for the Zn-PANI battery, thanks to its higher specific capacity and better cycle stability. This study provides an innovative approach for developing the next generation of reliable PR-based electrode materials for aqueous energy-storage devices.

Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Eastern versus Western countries: meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Locally advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma can be treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy followed by oesophagectomy. Discrepancies in pathological response rates have been reported between studies from Eastern versus Western countries. The aim of this study was to compare the pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in Eastern versus Western countries. METHODS: Databases were searched until November 2022 for studies reporting pCR rates after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Multi-level meta-analyses were performed to pool pCR rates separately for cohorts from studies performed in centres in the Sinosphere (East) or in Europe and the Anglosphere (West). RESULTS: For neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, 51 Eastern cohorts (5636 patients) and 20 Western cohorts (3039 patients) were included. Studies from Eastern countries included more men, younger patients, more proximal tumours, and more cT4 and cN+ disease. Patients in the West were more often treated with high-dose radiotherapy, whereas patients in the East were more often treated with a platinum + fluoropyrimidine regimen. The pooled pCR rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was 31.7% (95% c.i. 29.5% to 34.1%) in Eastern cohorts versus 40.4% (95% c.i. 35.0% to 45.9%) in Western cohorts (fixed-effect P = 0.003). For cohorts with similar cTNM stages, pooled pCR rates for the East and the West were 32.5% and 41.9% respectively (fixed-effect P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is less favourable in patients treated in Eastern countries compared with Western countries. Despite efforts to investigate accounting factors, the discrepancy in pCR rate cannot be entirely explained by differences in patient, tumour, or treatment characteristics.

Quantum chemistry calculation-aided discovery of potent small-molecule mimics of glutathione peroxidases for the treatment of cisplatin-induced hearing loss.

Hearing loss (HL) is a health burden that seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy, and few FDA-approved treatment specifically targets this condition. The main mechanisms that contribute to cisplatin-induced hearing loss are oxidative stress and subsequent cell death, including ferroptosis revealed by us as a new mechanism recently. In this study, we employed the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory approach as a convenient prediction method for the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity of isoselenazolones and discovered new isoselenazolones with great GPx-like activity. Notably, compound 19 exhibited significant protective effects against cisplatin-induced hair cell (HC) damage in vitro and in vivo and effectively reverses cisplatin-induced hearing loss through oral administration. Further investigations revealed that this compound effectively alleviated hair cell oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis. This research highlights the potential of GPx mimics as a therapeutic strategy against cisplatin-induced hearing loss. The application of quantum chemistry (QC) calculations in the study of GPx mimics sheds light on the development of new, innovative treatments for hearing loss.

Towards a better psychological satisfaction: developing a mixed multi-criteria evaluation system to urban 'Not in my back yard' facilities siting.

'Not in My Back Yard (NIMBY)' facilities are psychologically sensitive to urban and regional development. Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) method has been widely used for the decision-making of optimum siting of urban NIMBY facilities which aim to improve residents' psychological satisfaction. However, the evaluation of qualitative criteria in siting analysis remains under researched, such as the insufficient focus on urban and regional spatial development, social public opinion, and psychological factors. Thus, the effective improvement of MCE method through an interdisciplinary view can optimise the decision process and advance the factor assessment system of siting, which helps to supplement qualitative criteria evaluation. The specific improvement steps are as follows. The first step is to introduce the mixed MCE method to improve the qualitative criteria evaluation method by pre-processing qualitative criteria with min-max standardisation and normalization. This process transfers all negative factors to positive ones and transforms the F function to linear functions. The second step is to optimise the existing two-phase siting decision-making including the feasibility evaluation phase and the MCE phase. The third step is to propose a modular criteria system composed of urban and regional spatial planning, social psychological factors and the corresponding improvement strategy of this system from three perspectives of composition, measure, and weight. We argue that the improved method could be broadly applied to optimum siting decision of urban NIMBY facilities and enhance the psychological satisfaction of residents.

PET Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Various Cancers Using [18F]AlF­NOTA­FAPI­04: Comparison with 18F-FDG in a Single-Center, Prospective Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Targeting fibroblast-activation protein is a newer diagnostic approach for the visualization of tumor stroma, and a novel aluminum-[18F] fluoride (Al18F)-labeled fibroblast-activation protein inhibitor-4 (FAPI-04), hereafter [18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04, presents a promising alternative to gallium 68 (68Ga)-labeled FAPI owing to its relatively longer half-life. This study sought to evaluate the clinical usefulness of [18F] AlF-NOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT for the diagnosis of various types of cancer, compared to [18F] FDG PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study conducted from October 2021 to January 2024, a total of 148 patients with 16 different tumor entities underwent contemporaneous 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT either for an initial assessment or for recurrence detection. Uptake of 18F-FDG and 18F-FAPI-04 was quantified by the maximum standard uptake value (SUV max). Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were compared by using the McNemar test between these two imaging agents. RESULTS: 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT could clearly depict 16 different types of cancer with excellent image contrast, thereby leading to a higher detection rate of primary tumors than did 18F-FDG PET/CT (98.06% vs. 81.55%, P＜0.001). In per-lymph node analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in the diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes were 92.44%, 90.44%, and 91.56%, respectively, which was much higher than that 18F-FDG PET/CT (80.23%, 79.41%, and 79.87%, respectively). Meanwhile, 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT outperformed 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying more suspected distant metastases (86.57% vs. 74.13%, P＜0.001). Furthermore, 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT upgraded tumor staging in 36/101 patients (35.6%), and detected tumor recurrence or metastases in 43/47 patients (91.49%). CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated that primary and metastatic lesions in patients with various types of malignant tumors are well-visualized on 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT, which exhibited a superior diagnostic performance than 18F-FDG PET/CT. Moreover, 18F-FAPI-04 PET/CT is a promising tool for tumor staging and follow-up of various malignancies.

A Review of Dupilumab in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Infants and Children.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common pruritic and chronic inflammatory skin disease, has a major impact on a patient's quality of life. It is characterized by dry, itchy, and eczema-like rashes. AD is more prevalent in young children and has been linked to a variety of other allergy disorders. Traditional drug therapy has certain limitations for treating young children with AD. However, biologics have good clinical application prospects in the medical treatment of young patients. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, specifically binds to the IL-4 Rα subunit, inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling and blocking the occurrence of type 2 inflammatory response. It has a good effect on treating infants and children with moderate-to-severe AD. This review explores the safety and efficacy of dupilumab in the treatment of AD in infants and children and the impact of early intervention on AD progression, with the aim of informing clinical practice in the use of dupilumab for the treatment of young patients with AD.

Passive localization and reconstruction of multiple non-line-of-sight objects in a scene with a large visible transmissive window.

Passive non-line-of-sight imaging methods have been demonstrated to be capable of reconstructing images of hidden objects. However, current passive non-line-of-sight imaging methods have performance limitations due to the requirements of an occluder and aliasing between multiple objects. In this paper, we propose a method for passive localization and reconstruction of multiple non-line-of-sight objects in a scene with a large visible transmissive window. The analysis of the transport matrix revealed that more redundant information is acquired in a scene with a window than that with an occluder, which makes the image reconstruction more difficult. We utilized the projection operator and residual theory to separate the reconstruction equation of multiple objects into the independent equations of the located objects that can be reconstructed independently by TVAL3 and Split-Bregman algorithms, which greatly reduces the computational complexity of the reconstruction. Our method lays the foundation for multiple objects reconstruction in complex non-line-of-sight scenes.

Numerical analysis of MICP treated sand based on bio-chemo-hydro model.

Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) represents an environmentally friendly and innovative soil grouting technology. Involving intricate biochemical processes, it poses challenges for a thorough investigation of factors influencing microbial grouting effectiveness through experimentation alone. Consequently, A three-dimensional numerical model was developed to predict the permeability of bio-grouting in porous media. The numerical model is validated by comparing its results with test results available in the literature. The validated model is then used to investigate the effects of variation bacterial solution concentration, cementation solution concentration, grouting rate and grouting time on grouting effectiveness. It was founded that the remediation effect was positively correlated with the bacterial solution concentration and the number of grouting. An increased grouting rate enhanced the transport efficiency of reactants. Additionally, the concentration of cementation solution exhibited no significant effect on the reduction of calcium carbonate yield and permeability.

Review of carbon dot-hydrogel composite material as a future water-environmental regulator.

As water pollution and scarcity pose severe threats to the sustainable progress of human society, it is important to develop a method or materials that can accurately and efficiently detect pollutants and purify aquatic environments or exploit marine resources. The compositing of photoluminescent and hydrophilic carbon dots (CDs) with hydrogels bearing three-dimensional networks to form CD-hydrogel composites to protect aquatic environments is a "win-win" strategy. Herein, the feasibility of the aforementioned method has been demonstrated. This paper reviews the recent progress of CD-hydrogel materials used in aquatic environments. First, the synthesis methods for these composites are discussed, and then, the composites are categorized according to different methods of combining the raw materials. Thereafter, the progress in research on CD-hydrogel materials in the field of water quality detection and purification is reviewed in terms of the application of the mechanisms. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of CD-hydrogel materials are described. These results are expected to provide insights into the development of CD-hydrogel composites for researchers in this field.

New Late Pleistocene age for the Homo sapiens skeleton from Liujiang southern China.

The emergence of Homo sapiens in Eastern Asia is a topic of significant research interest. However, well-preserved human fossils in secure, dateable contexts in this region are extremely rare, and often the subject of intense debate owing to stratigraphic and geochronological problems. Tongtianyan cave, in Liujiang District of Liuzhou City, southern China is one of the most important fossils finds of H. sapiens, though its age has been debated, with chronometric dates ranging from the late Middle Pleistocene to the early Late Pleistocene. Here we provide new age estimates and revised provenience information for the Liujiang human fossils, which represent one of the most complete fossil skeletons of H. sapiens in China. U-series dating on the human fossils and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence dating on the fossil-bearing sediments provided ages ranging from ~33,000 to 23,000 years ago (ka). The revised age estimates correspond with the dates of other human fossils in northern China, at Tianyuan Cave (~40.8-38.1 ka) and Zhoukoudian Upper Cave (39.0-36.3 ka), indicating the geographically widespread presence of H. sapiens across Eastern Asia in the Late Pleistocene, which is significant for better understanding human dispersals and adaptations in the region.

Process and mechanism of preparing metallized blast furnace burden from metallurgical dust and sludge.

Metallurgical dust and sludge are solid waste resources with recycling value. In recent years, rotary hearth furnace has become the most important means to treat metallurgical dust and sludge because of its wide range of raw materials and strong treatment capacity. In this study blast furnace ash and converter sludge were selected as the research objects, and high-quality metallized pellets were prepared based on the rotary hearth furnace process. The strength changed of pellets, the reduction process of iron oxides and the removal process of zinc during the roasting of pellets in rotary hearth furnace were studied. To explore the reasonable roasting condition for preparing metallized pellets in rotary hearth furnace. The optimum roasting temperature of the pellets was 1250℃ and the roasting time was 25 min. The compressive strength, metallization rate and dezincification rate of metallized pellets reached 1361N, 97.44% and 95.67%, respectively. The efficient resource utilization of various metallurgical dust and sludge is realized.

Construction and validation of a machine learning model for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis based on fecal microbiota.

Purpose: Human gut microbiota has been shown to be significantly associated with various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an excellent auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) based on fecal microbial biomarkers. Method: The fecal metagenomic sequencing data associated with JIA were extracted from NCBI, and the sequencing data were transformed into the relative abundance of microorganisms by professional data cleaning (KneadData, Trimmomatic and Bowtie2) and comparison software (Kraken2 and Bracken). After that, the fecal microbes with high abundance were extracted for subsequent analysis. The extracted fecal microbes were further screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and the selected fecal microbe biomarkers were used for model training. In this study, we constructed six different machine learning (ML) models, and then selected the best model for constructing a JIA diagnostic tool by comparing the performance of the models based on a combined consideration of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, specificity, F1 score, calibration curves and clinical decision curves. In addition, to further explain the model, Permutation Importance analysis and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) were performed to understand the contribution of each biomarker in the prediction process. Result: A total of 231 individuals were included in this study, including 203 JIA patients and Non-JIA individuals. In the analysis of diversity at the genus level, the alpha diversity represented by Shannon value was not significantly different between the two groups, while the belt diversity was slightly different. After selection by LASSO regression, 10 fecal microbe biomarkers were selected for model training. By comparing six different models, the XGB model showed the best performance, which average AUC, accuracy and F1 score were 0.976, 0.914 and 0.952, respectively, thus being used to construct the final JIA diagnosis model. Conclusion: A JIA diagnosis model based on XGB algorithm was constructed with excellent performance, which may assist physicians in early detection of JIA patients and improve the prognosis of JIA patients.

Targeted degradation of zDHHC-PATs decreases substrate S-palmitoylation.

Reversible S-palmitoylation of protein cysteines, catalysed by a family of integral membrane zDHHC-motif containing palmitoyl acyl transferases (zDHHC-PATs), controls the localisation, activity, and interactions of numerous integral and peripheral membrane proteins. There are compelling reasons to want to inhibit the activity of individual zDHHC-PATs in both the laboratory and the clinic, but the specificity of existing tools is poor. Given the extensive conservation of the zDHHC-PAT active site, development of isoform-specific competitive inhibitors is highly challenging. We therefore hypothesised that proteolysis-targeting chimaeras (PROTACs) may offer greater specificity to target this class of enzymes. In proof-of-principle experiments we engineered cell lines expressing tetracycline-inducible Halo-tagged zDHHC5 or zDHHC20, and evaluated the impact of Halo-PROTACs on zDHHC-PAT expression and substrate palmitoylation. In HEK-derived FT-293 cells, Halo-zDHHC5 degradation significantly decreased palmitoylation of its substrate phospholemman, and Halo-zDHHC20 degradation significantly diminished palmitoylation of its substrate IFITM3, but not of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In contrast, in a second kidney derived cell line, Vero E6, Halo-zDHHC20 degradation did not alter palmitoylation of either IFITM3 or SARS-CoV-2 spike. We conclude from these experiments that PROTAC-mediated targeting of zDHHC-PATs to decrease substrate palmitoylation is feasible. However, given the well-established degeneracy in the zDHHC-PAT family, in some settings the activity of non-targeted zDHHC-PATs may substitute and preserve substrate palmitoylation.

Research progress of the netrins and their receptors in cancer.

Netrins, a family of secreted and membrane-associated proteins, can regulate axonal guidance, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, cell migration, cell survival, and tumorigenesis. Four secreted netrins (netrin 1, 3, 4 and 5) and two glycosylphosphatidylinositols-anchored membrane proteins, netrin-G1 and G2, have been identified in mammals. Netrins and their receptors can serve as a biomarker and molecular therapeutic target for pathological differentiation, diagnosis and prognosis of malignant cancers. We review here the potential roles of the netrins family and their receptors in cancer.

Multi-omics Data Integration Analysis Identified Therapeutic Targets and Potential Reuse Drugs for Osteoporosis.

AIMS: To facilitate drug discovery and development for the treatment of osteoporosis. BACKGROUND: With global aging, osteoporosis has become a common problem threatening the health of the elderly. It is of important clinical value to explore new targets for drug intervention and develop promising drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To understand the major molecules that mediate the communication between the cell populations of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis patients and identify potential reusable drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data of BM-MSCs in GSE147287 dataset were classified using the Seurat package. CellChat was devoted to analyzing the ligand-receptor pairs (LR pairs) contributing to the communication between BM-MSCs subsets. The LR pairs that were differentially expressed between osteoporosis samples and control samples and significantly correlated with immune score were screened in the GSE35959 dataset, and the differentially expressed gene in both GSE35959 and GSE13850 data sets were identified as targets from a single ligand or receptor. The therapeutic drugs for osteoporosis were screened by network proximity method, and the top-ranked drugs were selected for molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation with the target targets. RESULTS: Twelve subsets of BM-MSCs were identified, of which CD45-BM-MSCS_4, CD45-BM- MSCS_5, and CD45+ BM-MSCs_5 subsets showed significantly different distributions between osteoporosis samples and osteoarthritis samples. Six LR pairs were identified in the bidirectional communication between these three BM-MSCs subsets and other BM-MSCs subsets. Among them, MIF-CD74 and ITGB2-ICAM2 were significantly correlated with the immune score. CD74 was identified as the target, and a total of 48 drugs targeting CD47 protein were identified. Among them, DB01940 had the lowest free energy binding score with CD74 protein and the binding state was very stable. CONCLUSION: This study provided a new network-based framework for drug reuse and identified initial insights into therapeutic agents targeting CD74 in osteoporosis, which may be meaningful for promoting the development of osteoporosis treatment.

Anti-freezing hydrogel regulated by ice-structuring proteins/cellulose nanofibers system as flexible sensor for winter sports.

Conductive hydrogels are widely used as sensors in wearable devices. However, hydrogels cannot endure harsh low-temperature environments. Herein, a new regulatory system based on natural ice-structuring proteins (ISPs) and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is introduced into hydrogel network consisting of chemically crosslinked network of copolymerized acrylamide and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, and physically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol chains, affording an anti-freezing hydrogel with high conductivity (2.63 S/m). These hydrogels show excellent adhesion behavior to various matrices (including aluminum, glass, pigskin, and plastic). Their mechanical properties are significantly improved with the increase in CNF content (tensile strength of 106.4 kPa, elastic modulus of 133.8 kPa). In addition, ISPs inhibit the growth of ice. This endows the hydrogels with anti-freezing property and allows them to maintain satisfactory mechanical properties, conductivity and sensing properties below zero degrees. Moreover, this hydrogel shows high sensitivity to tensile and compressive deformation (GF = 5.07 at 600-800 % strain). Therefore, it can be utilized to develop strain-type pressure sensors that can be attached directly to human skin for detecting various body motions accurately, reliably, and stably. This study proposes a simple strategy to improve the anti-freezing property of hydrogels, which provides new insights for developing flexible hydrogel electronic devices for application in winter sports.