Efficacy and safety of visnadine in the treatment of symptoms of sexual dysfunction in heterosexual women: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the primary evidence on the efficacy and safety of visnadine on symptoms of sexual dysfunction (SD) in heterosexual women. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with a primary search without language restriction in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and international clinical trial registries. Trials reporting the use of visnadine by any route in women with SD were eligible. We performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment in a double-blind approach. The primary outcomes were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and its domains. Secondary outcomes were safety, arousal, lubrication, pleasure, orgasm, negative sensations, duration, and overall satisfaction. RESULTS: Initially, 242 records were retrieved. We selected nine papers for full-text reading and finally included two RCTs: one with a parallel design and one with a crossover design with a total of 96 patients. One study compared visnadine aerosol with a placebo, while the other compared different frequencies of visnadine aerosol use. Visnadine use showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in overall FSFI scores, regardless of the frequency of use. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the high clinical and methodological heterogeneity between available studies. CONCLUSION: RCTs regarding the use of visnadine for the Female SD are scarce and methodologically limited. This preliminary evidence shows visnadine as a potentially effective and safe option to alleviate some of the clinical symptoms of SD in heterosexual women. However, future better-designed randomized studies with larger sample numbers are required.

[Exposure to domestic violence and bullying victimization among Peruvian adolescents]. / Exposición a violencia en el hogar y victimización por acoso escolar en adolescentes peruanos.

With the aim of evaluating the association between exposure to violence at home and bullying victimization among Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, during 2019, a cross-sectional study of secondary data analysis of the 2019 Peruvian National Survey on Social Relations (ENARES) was carried out. The independent variable was exposure to violence at home, and the dependent variable was bullying victimization, which included psychological and physical bullying. Potential confounding variables were also included. Multinomial logistic regression models were used, and relative risk ratios (RRR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. The complex sampling of the ENARES 2019 was considered in all calculations. Data from 1,569 Peruvian adolescents were included. Thirty-eight point one percent were exposed to violence at home, while 37.9% were victims of psychological bullying only, 3.4% of physical bullying only, and 22.4% of both types of bullying. Adolescents who were always or almost always exposed to violence at home were 4.8 times more likely to be victims of bullying (RRR = 4.80; 95%CI: 2.44-9.42), adjusted for multiple confounding variables. In Peru, the Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who were exposed to violence at home were more likely to be victims of bullying at school. These results should draw the attention of public policies decision-makers toward children's protection.

Con el objetivo de evaluar la asociación entre la exposición a la violencia en el hogar y la victimización por acoso escolar en adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 años, durante el año 2019, se realizó un estudio transversal de análisis de datos secundario de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Relaciones Sociales (ENARES) de 2019. La variable independiente fue la exposición a violencia en el hogar y la variable dependiente fue la victimización por acoso escolar, que incluyó al acoso psicológico y físico. Además, se incluyeron posibles variables de confusión. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística multinomial y se estimaron razones de riesgo relativo (RRR) con sus intervalos del 95% de confianza (IC95%). En todos los cálculos se consideró el muestreo complejo de la ENARES 2019. Se incluyeron datos de 1.569 adolescentes peruanos. El 38,1% estuvo expuesto a violencia en el hogar, mientras que el 37,9% fue víctima solo de acoso psicológico, el 3,4% solo de acoso físico y el 22,4% de ambos tipos de acoso escolar. Los adolescentes, que siempre o casi siempre estuvieron expuestos a la violencia en el hogar, tuvieron 4,8 veces la probabilidad de ser víctimas de acoso escolar (RRR = 4,80; IC95%: 2,44-9,42), ajustado por múltiples variables de confusión. En Perú, los adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 años que estuvieron expuestos a violencia en el hogar tuvieron mayor probabilidad de ser víctimas de acoso escolar. Estos resultados deben llamar la atención de los decisores en políticas públicas de protección infantil.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a associação entre a exposição à violência doméstica e a vitimização do bullying em adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 anos em 2019, foi realizado um estudo transversal da análise de dados secundários da Pesquisa Nacional de Relações Sociais (ENARES) de 2019. A variável independente foi a exposição à violência doméstica e a variável dependente foi a vitimização por bullying, que incluiu bullying psicológico e físico. Além disso, possíveis variáveis de confusão foram incluídas. Modelos de regressão logística multinomial foram utilizados e as razões de risco relativo (RRR) foram estimadas com seus intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Em todos os cálculos foram consideradas a amostragem complexa da ENARES 2019. Foram incluídos dados de 1.569 adolescentes peruanos. 38,1% foram expostos à violência doméstica, enquanto 37,9% foram vítimas apenas de assédio psicológico, 3,4% apenas de assédio físico e 22,4% de ambos os tipos de bullying. Os adolescentes que sempre ou quase sempre estiveram expostos à violência doméstica tiveram 4,8 vezes a probabilidade de serem vítimas de bullying (RRR = 4,80; IC95%: 2,44-9,42), ajustado por múltiplas variáveis de confusão. No Peru, adolescentes peruanos de 12 a 17 anos que foram expostos à violência doméstica tiveram maior probabilidade de serem vítimas de bullying. Esses resultados devem chamar a atenção dos decisores em políticas públicas de proteção à criança.

Percepción de las medidas de salud pública en Perú para frenar el avance de la COVID-19 / Perception of the public health measures implemented in Peru to stop the spread of COVID-19

Introducción: Es importante medir en la población la percepción del impacto que han tenido las medidas adoptadas por los gobiernos ante la rápida expansión del coronavirus. Objetivo: Determinar la percepción de las medidas implementadas por el gobierno de Perú en materia de salud pública para frenar el avance de la COVID-19. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico y multicéntrico, para el cual se hizo una encuesta virtual en la que participaron más de 4000 personas de todo el país. Resultados: La gran mayoría estaban a favor que esta es una epidemia/pandemia grave (47 por ciento de acuerdo y 42 por ciento muy de acuerdo), sin embargo, solo el 22 por ciento, 21 por ciento, 17 por ciento y 46 por ciento que el país, el sector salud, los hospitales y los médicos, respectivamente, están preparados para enfrentarla. Las medidas más apoyadas en cuanto a migración fueron la aprobación del cierre de fronteras (68 por ciento muy de acuerdo) y no dejar entrar a quienes estuvieron en China u otros países con elevadas cifras de casos de coronavirus (60 por ciento muy de acuerdo). Asimismo, estuvieron de acuerdo que no deben celebrarse eventos masivos por un tiempo (69 por ciento muy de acuerdo), seguidos por quienes proponían declarar la salud pública en emergencia (61 por ciento muy de acuerdo) y el cierren de colegios y universidades por un tiempo (50 por ciento muy de acuerdo). Se encontraron muchas asociaciones estadísticas de estas percepciones, según sexo, edad o grado académico (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: La población estuvo de acuerdo con la mayoría de las medidas, algunas fueron más apoyadas y estuvieron asociadas a las características socioeducativas(AU)

ABSTRACT measures taken by governments in response to the fast spread of the coronavirus. Objective: Determine the perception of the public health measures implemented by the Peruvian government to stop the spread of COVID-19. Methods: A multicenter cross-sectional analytical study was conducted based on a virtual survey applied to more than 4 000 people across the country. Results: The vast majority of respondents agreed that COVID-19 is a serious epidemic / pandemic (47% in agreement and 42% very much in agreement). However, only 22%, 21%, 17% and 46% thought that the country, the health sector, the hospitals and the doctors, respectively, were prepared to face it. The most widely supported migration measures were border closure (68% very much in agreement) and denying entrance to travelers returning from China or other countries with high rates of coronavirus infection (60% very much in agreement). Respondents agreed that mass gatherings should not be held for a while (69% very much in agreement), a figure followed by those proposing to declare a public health emergency (61% very much in agreement) and the closure of colleges and universities for some time (50% very much in agreement). Many statistical associations of these perceptions were found, according to sex, age or educational level (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The population supports most of the measures, those related to socioeducational characteristics receiving greater support(AU)

Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey.

Self-medication impacts both negatively and positively the health of people, which has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medicated drugs used for respiratory symptoms, as COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms or once tested positive. To determine the perception of symptom relief and demographic variables that promote self-medication in Peru. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter study in 3792 study respondents on the use, the reason for use, and perception of relief after the use of six drugs during the quarantine period. An online questionnaire was developed, pretested and submitted to the general public. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual's desire to self-medicate, associations were considered significant at p < 0.05 and using region (coast, mountain and jungle) as cluster group. The majority of respondents self-medicated with acetaminophen for respiratory symptoms and mainly because they had a cold or flu. It was observed that all the surveyed drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, azithromycin, penicillin, antiretrovirals and hydroxychloroquine) were consumed for various symptoms including: fever, fatigue, cough, sneezing, muscle pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, headache and breathing difficulty. Over 90% of respondents perceived relief of at least one symptom. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older people have a higher frequency of antiretroviral self-medication, respondents who currently have a job had a higher frequency of penicillin self-medication, and that respondents from the Andes consumed less acetaminophen, while the ones from the rainforest consumed it more. There were significant percentages of self-medication, including drugs without sufficient scientific evidence. Age, region where one lived and job status were variables associated with self-medication frequency. Continuous awareness and sensitization about the risks of self-medication are warranted.