RESUMO
Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty-two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not-permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self-regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.
Assuntos
Publicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas , Alimentos , Benchmarking , Criança , Humanos , TelevisãoRESUMO
Resumen Antecedentes: la Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética de la Universidad de Antioquia ejecutó entre 2013-2014 la Estrategia de información y comunicación sobre etiquetado nutricional de los alimentos, para contribuir con la prevención de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, financiada por la Secretaría de Salud de Medellín. La ejecución y evaluación de esta Estrategia mediante extensión universitaria permitió este proceso de sistematización desde la óptica de 26 estudiantes participantes. Objetivo: sistematizar la experiencia de los estudiantes participantes en la ejecución de la Estrategia, con el fin de reconocer los aprendizajes generados en ellos. Materiales y métodos: investigación cualitativa mediante la metodología de sistematización retrospectiva de experiencias, la pregunta orientadora fue ¿qué aprendizajes se generaron en los estudiantes, como resultado de su participación en la ejecución de la Estrategia? El sistema categorial se construyó a partir de información recolectada mediante grupo focal, entrevista semiestructurada y Facebook®. Resultados: se analizaron tres categorías: motivaciones, dificultades y aprendizajes, y emergió una nueva: concepción de educación. Conclusiones: involucrar a los estudiantes en procesos de extensión genera en ellos aprendizajes significativos, pertinentes y en contexto, favorece el desarrollo de competencias críticas, reflexivas y propositivas frente a su quehacer, y les permite comprender la educación como un proceso bidireccional y reflexivo.
Abstract Background: The Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética [School of Nutrition and Dietetics] at the University of Antioquia-Colombia, executed during 2013-2014 the "Information and Communication Strategy on Nutrition Food Labelling to Contribute to the Prevention of Chronic Diseases", funded by Ministry of Health of Medellin. The execution and evaluation of this strategy through community-institutional relations allowed systemization of the process from the perspective of 26 participating students. Objective: To systematize the experience of the participating students in the execution of the strategy in order to understand their learning acquired during the process. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using the methodology of retrospective experience systematization, the guiding question was "What lessons were learned by the students, as a result of their participation in the implementation of the Strategy?" The categorical system was constructed from data collected by focus groups, a semi-structured interview, and Facebook®. Results: Three initial categories were analyzed: motivation, learning. and difficulties, and a new category emerged which was labeled 'conception of education'. Conclusions: Involving students in community-institutional relation processes generates meaningful, relevant and contextual learning, encourages the development of critical, reflective and purposeful skills about their work, and permits the understanding of education as a two-way, reflective process.
RESUMO
Introducción: Una de las funciones de los medios de comunicación masiva es movilizar la sociedad y la agenda política en torno a problemáticas públicas como por ejemplo la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje dado al tema obesidad en dos periódicos colombianos durante los años 2008-2013. Materiales y metodos: Estudio transversal, se seleccionaron 163 noticias, 48 del periódico El Espectador y 115 de El Colombiano. Se realizó análisis deductivo, posteriormente el análisis descriptivo mediante pruebas X2 para establecer la relación entre las variables. α=0,05. SPSS v.18. Resultados: Se evidenció un aumento gradual de las noticias relacionadas con la obesidad en el periodo estudiado. Las fuentes de información más consultadas para construir las noticias fueron científicas-académicas (42,3%). Se encontró asociación entre los artículos que tratan la magnitud de la obesidad, sus estrategias para afrontarla y cuando se empleó como fuente a los políticos (p<0.05). En la población infantil, los temas publicidad (16,4%) y comidas rápidas (26,9%) tuvieron una mayor cobertura (p<0.05). Conclusión: La cobertura del tema obesidad creció en Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se empezaron a implementar estrategias para su prevención y control. Esta situación puede favorecer la movilización pública y política frente a nuevas estrategias que propendan por la solución de esta problemática.
Introduction: One of the functions of the mass media is to mobilize society and the political agenda around public issues such as obesity. Objective: To describe the approach given to obesity in two Colombian newspapers during the years 2008-2013. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted were 163 news were selected from two newspapers; 48 from El Espectador newspaper and 115 from El Colombiano. First a deductive analysis of the news was performed and then a descriptive analysis using X2 tests to establish the relationship between the variables. α<0.05. SPSS v.18. Results: An increase in obesity-related news was found. The sources of information most frequently consulted to build the news were scientific-academic ones (42.3%). It was found an association between the articles dealing with the magnitude of the obesity, the strategies to confront it and when it was used a politician source (p <0.05). In the pediatric population, issues related with advertising (16.4%) and fast food (26.9%) had greater coverage (p <0.05). Conclusion: The mass media news related with obesity increased in Colombia, at the same time the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of this disease started. This situation can foster public and political mobilization that promote new strategies that contribute to the solution of the obesity problem.
Assuntos
Obesidade , Meios de Comunicação , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Comunicação em SaúdeRESUMO
Antecedentes: se realizó una campaña de información, educación y comunicación (IEC) sobre síndrome metabólico para personal universitario del área de la salud, derivada de una investigación realizada en esta población. Objetivo: reconocer las dinámicas y aprendizajes generados en los profesionales ejecutores de la campaña "Somos salud". Metodología: sistematización de experiencia realizada por los ejecutores de la campaña, quienes definieron la pregunta orientadora, reconstruyeron la experiencia, hicieron la reflexión crítica, en la cual identificaron aspectos significativos que permitieron construir y validar el sistema categorial. La información se recolectó mediante grupos focales. Resultados: se identificó como categoría principal: "Aprender en la práctica de la estrategia IEC" y como subcategorías destacadas: la reflexión sobre IEC y educación, la relación extensión-investigación, asuntos críticos de la ejecución y el diseño de mensajes y materiales. Conclusiones: se reconoce que aunque los procesos de IEC no garantizan cambios inmediatos en prácticas individuales y colectivas, contribuyen a conocer y discutir problemáticas de salud. Se reflexionó críticamente sobre la manera como se hace educación para la salud, resaltando la necesidad de considerar aspectos individuales y contextuales, mediadores en las decisiones de salud y reconociendo al profesional de la salud como agente y sujeto de tales decisiones.
Background: An information, education and communication campaign (IEC) was carried out about the metabolic syndrome, for university professional of the health sector; it is derived from a research carried out in this population. Objective: Recognition of dynamics and learning created in the professionals who perform the "We are Health" campaign. Methodology: Systematization of the experience was carried out by the campaign performers; who have defined the guiding question, rebuilt the experience, made a critical reflection, and identified significant aspects in it that let to build and validate the categorical system. By means of focus groups the information was collected. Results: "Learning by doing of the IEC strategy" was identified as the main category, and as emphasized subcategories: the reflection about the IEC and education, the extension-research relationship, critical aspects of the execution and design of messages and materials. Conclusions: Although it is recognized that the IEC processes do not guarantee immediate changes in individual and collective practices, they contribute to know and discuss health related issues. It was critically reflected on the way as education for health is made, emphasizing the need to consider individual and contextual aspects that mediate on health decisions, and the recognition of the health care professional as an agent and subject of such decisions.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação em Saúde , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Síndrome Metabólica/metabolismoRESUMO
Antecedentes: el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras es un factor de riesgo para enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles; con el fin de promover su consumo se vienen implementando diversas estrategias que incluyen ayudas como los juegos de mesa reglados, los cuales deben ser validados para garantizar su efectividad. Objetivo: validar el juego "Chefcitos" diseñado para promover hábitos de vida saludable y el consumo de frutas y verduras en niños entre 7 y 12 años. Materiales y métodos: estudio cualitativo, con doce niños, entre 7 y 12 años de edad, de la Institución Educativa José Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta, del Municipio de Copacabana, Colombia. Se diseñó el juego y se validó con información recogida a partir de la técnica del grupo focal, la observación participante y dos cuestionarios, uno inicial y otro final. Las categorías previas siguiendo la literatura en el tema, fueron: atractividad, entendimiento, identificación, aceptación y persuasión o inducción a la acción. Resultados y discusión: el juego "Chefcitos" es una ayuda educativa válida para promover el consumo de frutas y verduras, además de algunos hábitos de vida saludable, Conclusión: el proceso de validación es necesario antes de usar ayudas educativas con el fin de valorar su pertinencia, validez y potencialidad para motivar la adopción voluntaria de conductas saludables.
Background: The low consumption of fruits and vegetables is a risk factor for chronic non communicable diseases, to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables in children several strategies and aids have been developed. One of this aid are the table games. These should be validated to ensure its effectiveness. Objective: To validate the "Chefcitos" game (game´s name, as a little chef) designed to promote healthy lifestyles and the consumption of fruits and vegetables in children over seven years of age. Materials and methods: A qualitative study, with twelve children aged between seven and twelve years from José Miguel de Restrepo y Puerta School, Copacabana, Colombia. The game was designed and validated; Information was collected by focus groups and participant observation, and pre and posttest. The categories of analysis were: attractiveness, understanding, identification, acceptance and persuasion or inducement to action. Results and discussion: The game "Chefcitos" is a valid educational aid to promote consumption of fruits and vegetables, and healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: The validation process is necessary before using educational aids in order to assess its potential to encourage voluntary adoption of healthy behaviors.
Assuntos
Humanos , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Nutrição da Criança , Promoção da Saúde , Dieta SaudávelRESUMO
Antecedentes: el etiquetado nutricional es una oportunidad para obtener datos del contenido de sodio en alimentos empacados. Objetivo: describir el contenido de sodio de los alimentos procesados líderes en ventas en una cadena de hipermercados con presencia nacional en Colombia; a partir de fotografías del etiquetado nutricional. Materiales y métodos: se obtuvo la información de contenido de sodio de alimentos a partir de fotografías del etiquetado nutricional, posteriormente se agruparon en 15 categorías. La información de contenido de sodio se unificó al aporte por 100 g o mL de producto. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo del contenido de sodio en las distintas categorías: media, rango máximo y mínimo. Se determinaron los porcentajes de ingesta adecuada y nivel máximo de consumo tolerable de sodio que aporta cada categoría por porción. Resultados: fueron evaluados 426 productos. La media y el rango del contenido de sodio por 100 g de las categorías con mayor contenido del mineral fueron: condimentos y esencias (5829 mg; 0-21000), salsas y aderezos (2426 mg; 0-7818), comida lista para consumir (1929 mg; 41-6400) y carnes procesadas (1068 mg; 44-7455). Existe una alta variabilidad en el contenido de sodio entre categorías y al interior de una misma categoría. Conclusión: los datos reportados son un insumo para la generación de metas de reducción del contenido de sodio en alimentos procesados distribuidos en Colombia y abren una ventana de investigación y desarrollo para la industria de alimentos.
Background: Nutrition labels provide an opportunity to obtain data of sodium content in packaged foods. Objective: To describe sodium content, by nutritional labeling, from processed food obtained from a leader supermarket in Colombia. Materials and methods: Photos of food labels were obtained and divided into 15 categories. Sodium content per portion, 100 g, or 100 mL was analyzed. A descriptive analysis was performed by mean, range (maximum and minimum). Percentages of adequate intake and upper intake level that a portion would provide were determined. Results: 426 products were evaluated. Mean; range of sodium content per 100 g from categories with the highest mineral levels were: spices and essences (5829 mg; 0-21000), sauces and dressings (2426 mg; 0-7818), convenient meal (1929 mg; 41-6400), and processed meats (1068 mg; 44-7455). Variability in sodium content between categories and products from a same category was high. Conclusion: Data reported are an input to generate targets for sodium reduction in processed foods distributed in Colombia. Furthermore, they are an opportunity for research and development of food industry.
Assuntos
Humanos , Alimentos , Sódio , Colômbia , Rotulagem de Alimentos , Informação Nutricional , Cloreto de SódioRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the nutritional content of foods and non-alcoholic beverages advertised in the children's frame vs. the general frame in two national, private, free-access, television channels in Colombia. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. The recording was performed in July of 2012, for four days randomly chosen from 6:00 am to 12:30 pm. The nutritional content was classified according to the nutritional profiles criteria of the Food Standards Agency for risk-indicating nutrients, the Health Pan-American Organization for trans fat, and the 333 Colombian Resolution of 2011 that classifies foods as source of protecting nutrients. Descriptive statistics were used, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to establish the normality, and the Chi square test for variables comparison. A p value < 0.05 was considered. RESULTS: During 52 hours of recording, 1560 commercials were shown, of which 23.3% (364), advertised foods and beverages, of which 56.3% were shown within the children's frame. Regarding the nutritional content, a high percentage of foods and non-alcoholic beverages classified as "rich" in sugar, sodium, saturated fat was observed within the children's' frame (69.0%, 56.0%, 57.1%), as compared to the general frame. By contrast, the percentage of foods and nonalcoholic beverages classified as "rich" in total fat was higher in the general frame as compared to the children's frame (70.4% vs. 29.6%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Higher exposure to advertising of foods and non-alcoholic beverages was observed within the children's' frame, characterized by high content of risk-indicating nutrients and low content of foods and non-alcoholic beverages with protective nutrients.
Objetivo: Describir el contenido nutricional de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas publicitados en la franja infantil vs general, en dos canales gratuitos privados de televisión nacional colombiana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La grabación se realizó en julio de 2012, durante cuatro días seleccionados aleatoriamente de 6:00 am a 12:30 pm. El contenido nutricional se clasificó según los criterios de perfiles nutricionales de la Food Standards Agency para nutrientes trazadores de riesgo, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para grasa trans, y la Resolución colombiana 333 de 2011 para clasificar los alimentos como fuente o no, de nutrientes protectores. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, prueba de Kolmogorov- Smirnov para establecer la normalidad y prueba de Chi cuadrado para la comparación entre variables. Se consideró un p < 0,05. Resultados: En 52 horas de grabación se emitieron 1.560 pautas publicitarias, de las cuales el 23,3% (364 pautas), fue de publicidad de alimentos y bebidas y de estas, el 56,3% se publicitaron en la franja infantil. En cuanto al contenido nutricional, se destacó mayor porcentaje de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas clasificados como "altos" en azúcar, sodio y grasa saturada en la franja infantil (69,0%, 56,0%, 57,1%) respecto a la franja general. Por el contrario, el porcentaje de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas clasificados como "alto" en grasa total fue mayor en la franja general vs la franja infantil (70,4%, 29,6% respectivamente). Conclusiones: Una mayor exposición a la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas se evidenció en la franja infantil, caracterizada por alto contenido de nutrientes trazadores de riesgo y bajo contenido de nutrientes protectores de los alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas publicitados.
Assuntos
Publicidade/estatística & dados numéricos , Bebidas , Alimentos , Valor Nutritivo , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Colômbia , Estudos Transversais , HumanosRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir el contenido nutricional de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas publicitados en la franja infantil vs general, en dos canales gratuitos privados de televisión nacional colombiana. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La grabación se realizó en julio de 2012, durante cuatro días seleccionados aleatoriamente de 6:00 am a 12:30 pm. El contenido nutricional se clasificó según los criterios de perfiles nutricionales de la Food Standards Agency para nutrientes trazadores de riesgo, la Organización Panamericana de la Salud para grasa trans, y la Resolución colombiana 333 de 2011 para clasificar los alimentos como fuente o no, de nutrientes protectores. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov para establecer la normalidad y prueba de Chi cuadrado para la comparación entre variables. Se consideró un p < 0,05. Resultados: En 52 horas de grabación se emitieron 1.560 pautas publicitarias, de las cuales el 23,3% (364 pautas), fue de publicidad de alimentos y bebidas y de estas, el 56,3% se publicitaron en la franja infantil. En cuanto al contenido nutricional, se destacó mayor porcentaje de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas clasificados como «altos» en azúcar, sodio y grasa saturada en la franja infantil (69,0%, 56,0%, 57,1%) respecto a la franja general. Por el contrario, el porcentaje de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas clasificados como «alto» en grasa total fue mayor en la franja general vs la franja infantil (70,4%, 29,6% respectivamente). Conclusiones: Una mayor exposición a la publicidad de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas se evidenció en la franja infantil, caracterizada por alto contenido de nutrientes trazadores de riesgo y bajo contenido de nutrientes protectores de los alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas publicitados (AU)
Objective: To describe the nutritional content of foods and non-alcoholic beverages advertised in the children's frame vs. the general frame in two national, private, free-access, television channels in Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. The recording was performed in July of 2012, for four days randomly chosen from 6:00 am to 12:30 pm. The nutritional content was classified according to the nutritional profiles criteria of the Food Standards Agency for risk-indicating nutrients, the Health Pan-American Organization for trans fat, and the 333 Colombian Resolution of 2011 that classifies foods as source of protecting nutrients. Descriptive statistics were used, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to establish the normality, and the Chi square test for variables comparison. A p value < 0.05 was considered. Results: During 52 hours of recording, 1560 commercials were shown, of which 23.3% (364), advertised foods and beverages, of which 56.3% were shown within the children's frame. Regarding the nutritional content, a high percentage of foods and non-alcoholic beverages classified as «rich» in sugar, sodium, saturated fat was observed within the children's' frame (69.0%, 56.0%, 57.1%), as compared to the general frame. By contrast, the percentage of foods and nonalcoholic beverages classified as «rich» in total fat was higher in the general frame as compared to the children's frame (70.4% vs. 29.6%, respectively). Conclusions: Higher exposure to advertising of foods and non-alcoholic beverages was observed within the children's' frame, characterized by high content of risk-indicating nutrients and low content of foods and non-alcoholic beverages with protective nutrients (AU)
Assuntos
Criança , Humanos , Valor Nutritivo , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Análise de Alimentos , Nutrição da Criança , Qualidade dos Alimentos , Composição de Alimentos , Promoção da Saúde Alimentar e Nutricional , Televisão/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Fundamentos: La educación nutricional (EN) cumple un papel fundamental en el éxito de intervenciones nutricionales dirigidas a gestantes, en su práctica se detectan debilidades. Se realizó una revisión documental de experiencias en EN, en gestantes para identificar factores de éxito que contribuyan a intervenciones con impacto positivo. Métodos: Revisión documental de artículos científicos nacionales e internacional de EN dirigidos a gestantes publicados en bases de datos científicas. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés y español, publicados de 2005 a 2012, de intervenciones educativas en alimentación y nutrición que describieran: población, metodología, seguimiento y evaluación; se excluyeron los artículos que solo median el conocimiento de las gestantes en temas de alimentación y nutrición, sin realizar intervención educativa. Resultados: La literatura recomienda y justifica la implementación de programas educativos en la atención a las gestantes dado su potencial para conducir al cambio favorable de conductas alimentarias y al éxito en las intervenciones nutricionales, sin embargo en la atención habitual que se brinda a esta población esta práctica presenta grandes deficiencias. Conclusiones: La EN requiere de una mirada integral por parte del profesional en nutrición, además de un marco de políticas públicas que garanticen la sostenibilidad de los programas (AU)
Basics: Nutrition education (NE) plays a fundamental role in the success of nutritional interventions addressed to pregnant women. Weaknesses are detected in this type of practice. A document review of experieces in NE among pregnant women was conducted in order to identify key success factors which contribute to positive impact interventions. Methods: A literature review of national and international scientific articles on NE directed to pregnant women was published in scientific databases. Articles in English and Spanish, published from 2005 to 2012, providing education in food and nutrition that described: population, methodology, monitoring and evaluation were included. Articles that only measured the knowledge of pregnant women about food and nutrition without any educational intervention were excluded. Results: Literature on the topic recommends and justifies the implementation of educational programs in the care of pregnant women because of its potential to conduct positive change eating behavior and successful nutrition interventions; however in the standard care that is given to this type population, there are still major deficiencies. Conclusions: NE requires a comprehensive perspective from the practitioner in nutrition, in addition to a policy framework that guarantees the sustainability of the programs (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Educação Alimentar e Nutricional , Gravidez/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Nutrição dos Grupos Vulneráveis , Programas e Políticas de Nutrição e Alimentação , Programas de Nutrição/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to develop targeted materials to encourage Hispanic parents to seek eye care for their children. Hispanic children present with high rates of eye problems such as astigmatism, strabismus, and amblyopia. Related vision impairment can be prevented with timely detection and treatment. After failing a vision screening, a child must obtain professional eye care to take care of the suspected problem. We involved Hispanic community members and health care experts in Alabama to develop educational materials to encourage Hispanic parents to seek eye care for their children. There were six stages in the development of the educational materials: (a) focus groups with Hispanic parents, (b) development of preliminary materials (c) panel with Hispanic health experts (d) panel with members of the target population (e) final production of materials (f) pilot testing of materials. The parents and health experts suggested the information should be provided in the form of radio announcements, brochures, and newspaper advertisements. They also noted the content should stress the importance of seeking vision care for children even when there were no visible problems. Materials developed through this project included messages designed to overcome specific barriers identified by Hispanic parents and to educate them on the importance of comprehensive eye care for all children, regardless of the presence of visible symptoms.
Assuntos
Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Pais/educação , Transtornos da Visão/etnologia , Seleção Visual/estatística & dados numéricos , Alabama/epidemiologia , Pré-Escolar , Participação da Comunidade , Competência Cultural , Diagnóstico Precoce , Grupos Focais , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , Materiais de Ensino/normas , Transtornos da Visão/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Visão/prevenção & controle , Seleção Visual/métodosRESUMO
An interview tool, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS 3.0), was translated into Spanish for application in studies of psychiatric disorders in Colombia. Two Spanish translations of the original English version of DIGS were prepared and back-translated into English. A review committee verified the linguistic and cultural equivalence of the translations. The evaluator and test-retest reliability were assessed calculating Cohen's kappa for samples of 65 and 91 patients respectively. DIGS proved valid in both appearance and content. The confidence interval (C.I.) was excellent for schizophrenia (kappa = 0.81, C.I. 95% = 0.68-0.93), bipolar disorder (kappa = 0.87, C.I. 95% = 0.75-0.99), major depressive disorder (kappa = 0.86, C.I. 95% = 0.70-1.00), and for a normal diagnosis (kappa = 0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89); it was good for other psychiatric diagnosis (kappa = 0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89) and poor for schizoaffective disorder (kappa = 0.37, C.I. 95% = -0.02-0.76). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all diagnoses (kappa > 0.8), except for "other psychiatric diagnoses" (kappa = 0.64, C.I. 95% = 0.31-0.96). The Spanish translation of the DIGS was comprehensible, with face and content validity, and good test-retest and evaluator reliability. This translation will be a useful tool for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders in Latin America, particularly where schizophrenia and affective disorders are involved.
Assuntos
Testes Genéticos/métodos , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Colômbia , Humanos , Idioma , Transtornos Mentais/genética , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , TraduçãoRESUMO
Objetivo: validar la entrevista diagnóstica para estudios genéticos (DIGS 3.0) en Colombia. Métodos: se hicieron dos traducciones del inglés al español del DIGS y se hizo traducción en sentido inverso (al inglés) de cada una. Un comité de revisión verificó la equivalencia translingüística y transcultural. Se evaluó la confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador del DIGS 3.0 en 65 y 91 pacientes, respectivamente, mediante el cálculo de kappa de Cohen. Resultados: el DIGS 3.0 mostró ser comprensible, con validez de apariencia y de contenido. La confiabilidad interevaluador fue excelente para esquizofrenia (kapa=0,81, IC95%: 0,68-0,93), trastorno bipolar (kapa=0,87, IC95%: 0,75-0,99), trastorno depresivo mayor (kapa=0,86, IC95%: 0,7- 1) y ausencia de trastorno psiquiátrico (kapa=0,88, IC95%: 0,71-1); fue buena para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,65, IC95%: 0,41-0,89) y pobre para trastorno esquizoafectivo (kapa=0,37, IC95%: -0,02-0,76). La confiabilidad examen-reexamen fue excelente para todos los diagnósticos (kapa>0,8), excepto para otro diagnóstico psiquiátrico (kapa=0,64, IC95%: 0,31-0,96), donde fue buena. Conclusiones: la versión en español del DIGS para Colombia mostró comprensibilidad, validez de apariencia y de contenido, y confiabilidad examen-reexamen e interevaluador. Es una herramienta útil para estudios genéticos en esquizofrenia y en trastornos afectivos.
An interview tool, Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS 3.0), was translated into Spanish for application in studies of psychiatric disorders in Colombia. Two Spanish translations of the original English version of DIGS were prepared and backtranslated into English. A review committee verified the linguistic and cultural equivalence of the translations. The evaluator and test-retest reliability were assessed calculating Cohens kappa for samples of 65 and 91 patients respectively. DIGS proved valid in both appearance and content. The confidence interval (C.I.) was excellent for schizophrenia (kappa=0.81, C.I. 95% = 0.68-0.93), bipolar disorder (kappa=0.87, C.I. 95% = 0.75-0.99), major depressive disorder (kappa=0.86, C.I. 95% = 0.70-1.00), and for a normal diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89); it was good for other psychiatric diagnosis (kappa=0.65, C.I. 95% = 0.41-0.89) and poor for schizoaffective disorder (kappa=0.37, C.I. 95% = -0.02-0.76). Test-retest reliability was excellent for all diagnoses (kappa>0.8), except for "other psychiatric diagnoses" (kappa=0.64, C.I. 95% = 0.31-0.96). The Spanish translation of the DIGS was comprehensible, with face and content validity, and good test-retest and evaluator reliability. This translation will be a useful tool for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders in Latin America, particularly where schizophrenia and affective disorders are involved.