Síndrome febril de origen desconocido. Forma inusual de presentación de un caso de síndrome de Cogan / Fever unknown origin. Unusual form of presentation of Cogan´s syndrome

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[Legionella pneumophila pneumonia community epidemic outbreak in Barcelona: "The Barceloneta outbreak". Effect on the early diagnosis and treatment]. / Brote epidémico de neumonía comunitaria por Legionella pneumophila en Barcelona: "el brote de la Barceloneta". Efecto del diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical and microbiological descriptive analysis of the outbreak of community legionnaire's disease recorded in the Barcelona's Barcelonesa neighborhood in November 2000. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the epidemiological and clinical manifestations, as well as the evolution of the cases of Legionella pneumophila pneumonia associated with the outbreak and cared of in the Hospital del Mar. RESULTS: The 48 patients evaluated, all of them with confirmed diagnoses, represent 89% of the cases communicated. Seventy-five percent of patients showed some underlying disease, 54% had some criterion for severity, and mortality was 4%. In 81% of cases the detection of the antigen of Legionella pneumophila in urine was the diagnostic method. CONCLUSIONS: The detection in urine of the Legionella pneumophila antigen makes possible the early diagnosis of legionnaire's disease, particularly in epidemic outbreaks, which that facilitates the fast establishment of the adequate treatment and contributes to the reduction in mortality even in patients of high risk.

Brote epidémico de neumonía comunitaria por Legionella pneumophila en Barcelona: "el brote de la Barceloneta". Efecto del diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz / Legionella pneumophila pneumonia community epidemic outbreak in Barcelona: "The Barceloneta outbreak". Effect of the early diagnosis and treatment

Objetivo. Estudio descriptivo clínico y microbiológico del brote de legionelosis comunitaria registrado en el barrio de la Barceloneta de Barcelona en noviembre de 2000.Pacientes y métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de las características epidemiológicas y clínicas, así como de la evolución de los casos de neumonía por Legionella pneumophila asociados al brote atendidos en el Hospital del Mar. Resultados. Los 48 casos, todos ellos confirmados, representan el 89 por ciento de los declarados. El 75 por ciento de los pacientes presentaba patología de base, el 54 por ciento tenía algún criterio de gravedad y la mortalidad fue del 4 por ciento. En el 81 por ciento de los casos de detección del antígeno de Legionella pneumophila en orina fue el método diagnóstico. Conclusiones. La detección de antigenuria de Legionella pneumophila proporciona un diagnóstico precoz de legionelosis, particularmente en brotes epidémicos, hecho que facilita la rápida instauración del tratamiento adecuado y contribuye a la reducción de la mortalidad, incluso en pacientes de elevado riesgo (AU)

[Lung aspergillosis. Role of the corticoids as associated risk factor in the patient with chronic bronchitis]. / Aspergilosis pulmonar. Papel de los corticoides como factor de riesgo asociado en el bronquítico crónico.

BASIS: Description of a situation of incidence increase of bronchial secretions with positive cultures for Aspergillus fumigatus, and analysis of the related risk factors in the invasive aspergillosis. METHODS: Between January 1999 and February 2000, a prospective study of the patients was conducted with culture of bronchial secretions and with positive result for A. fumigatus. VARIABLES STUDIED: age, sex, primary diagnosis, type of cultivated sample, clinical interpretation (colonization/infection), probable source (community/nosocomial), situation of the patient after discharge, and risk factors for opportunistic infection. The results were compared among the colonized and infected patients. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients showed positive cultures of bronchial secretions to A. fumigatus, 43 (82.6%) colonized and 9 (17.3%) infected. Cultivated sputum sample on 30 occasions (57.6%) and bronchial aspiration in 22 (42.3%). Median age: 70 years (31-84). Sex: 40 men (76.9%). Probable source of infection/colonization: nosocomial in 18 cases (34.6%), community in 3 (5.7%) and unknown in 31 (59.6%). Mortality: 15 patient colonized (34.8%) and 8 infected (88.8%). Risk factors with statistical significance for invasive infection by A. fumigatus: diagnosis of chronic bronchopathy (COPD) (p=0.007) and treatment with prednisone in dose higher than 60 mg/day (p=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The patients with positive culture of bronchial secretions to A. fumigatus with COPD and treatment with prednisone in dose higher than 60 mg/day should be considered with a greater risk for infection by this pathogen. A more restricted use and adequate of the corticoids in these patients, and an early diagnosis and treatment in light of the suspicion of infection by A. fumigatus in patients with COPD, it could imply a reduction of morbidity and mortality.

Aspergilosis pulmonar. Papel de los corticoides como factor de riesgo asociado en el bronquítico crónico / Lung aspergillosis. Role of the corticoids as associated risk factor in the patient with chronic bronchitis

Fundamentos. Descripción de una situación de aumento del número de cultivos de secreciones bronquiales positivos para Aspergillus fumigatus y análisis de los factores de riesgo asociados en la aspergilosis invasora. Métodos. Entre enero de 1999 y febrero de 2000 se efectuó un estudio prospectivo de los enfermos con cultivo de secreciones bronquiales positivo para A. fumigatus. Variables estudiadas: edad, sexo, diagnóstico principal, tipo de muestra cultivada, interpretación clínica (colonización/infección), probable adquisición (extrahospitalaria/ intrahospitalaria), situación al alta y factores de riesgo de infección oportunista. Se compararon los resultados entre los pacientes colonizados e infectados. Resultados. Se detectan 52 enfermos con cultivos de secreciones bronquiales positivos a A. fumigatus, 43 (82,6 por ciento) colonizados y 9 (17,3 por ciento) infectados. Muestras cultivadas de esputo en 30 ocasiones (57,6 por ciento) y broncoaspirado en 22 (42,3 por ciento). Edad media: 70 años (31-84). Sexo: 40 varones (76,9 por ciento). Probable adquisición: intrahospitalaria en 18 casos (34,6 por ciento), extrahospitalaria en tres (5,7 por ciento) y en 31 (59,6 por ciento) desconocida. Mortalidad: 15 pacientes colonizados (34,8 por ciento) y 8 infectados (88,8 por ciento). Factores de riesgo con significación estadística para presentar una infección por A. fumigatus: diagnóstico de broncopatía crónica (enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica [EPOC]) (p= 0,007) y el tratamiento con prednisona en dosis superiores a 60 mg/día (p= 0,0005).Conclusiones. Los enfermos con cultivo de secreciones bronquiales positivas a A. fumigatus con EPOC y tratamiento con prednisona en dosis superiores a 60 mg/día deben considerarse con un riesgo mayor de sufrir una infección por este patógeno. Un uso más restringido y adecuado de los corticoides en estos pacientes, y un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces ante la sospecha de infección por A. fumigatus en pacientes con EPOC, podría suponer una disminución de la morbimortalidad (AU)

[Mitral endocarditis secondary to Streptococcus mitis bacteremic pneumonia]. / Endocarditis mitral secundaria a neumonía bacteriémica por Streptococcus mitis.

Streptococcus viridans usually are an etiologic agent in odontogenic infection and endocarditis and only in some cases have been acknowledged as a respiratory pathogens. We present two cases of Streptococcus mitis bacteremic pneumonia with secondary mitral endocarditis in two patients that were been admitted by a respiratory infection (pneumonia), and later diagnosticated of mitral endocarditis. We dismiss the fisiopathogenic possibility of pneumonia with secondary pulmonary septic embolisms. With this description we help to prove the S. mitis respiratory system pathogenicity and show the known risk of endocarditis in any case of Streptococcus viridans bacteremic infection.

[Bacteremia originated in intravascular cannulae: an epidemiologic study of 91 episodes]. / Bacteriemia originada en cánulas intravasculares: estudio epidemiológico de 91 episodios.

This reports the analysis of an epidemiologic study of intravascular cannula bacteriemia (ICB) in a Barcelona university hospital. There were 91 episodes of ICB representing the 26.7% of the total hospital bacteriemia. In 60.6% of ICB the diagnosis was made in an intensive care area. The most common microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (27.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (14.4%). Intravascular cannulae with higher incidence of bacteriemia were the central venous catheters (55%) and the arterial lines (29%). Bacteriemia produced by arterial lines had short free period interval (7.7 days) and in 80% of the cases were produced by Gram negative bacteria whereas that bacteriemia produced by central venous catheters had a long free period (11.2 days) and the most frequent agents were Gram positive bacteria. The overall mortality was 17% and that attributed to the infection 6%. An age above 65 years had a mortality rate of 33% and was identified as the only significant prognostic factor (p less than 0.001). The mean hospitalization period was 49.9 days and the cost of the treatment 830.000 ptas/patient.

[Bacteremia of cutaneous origin]. / Bacteriemia de origen cutáneo.

558 episodes of bacteremia were detected in our medical center during a 2-year period. 17 of them (3%) were of cutaneous origin. 12 cases were community-acquired and 5 were hospital-acquired. The patients median age was of 65 years. 15 patients had a baseline disease, the most frequent being diabetes mellitus and neoplastic disease. The most common bacteria isolated were group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli; 2 patients had multibacterial episodes. Decubitus ulcer and cellulitis were the most frequently associated skin disease. Global mortality was of 47% and was sepsis related in 29% of the cases. Death prognosis factors were old age, diabetes mellitus, gram-negative causal bacteria, nonappropriate antibiotic therapy, low index of clinical suspicion.