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The focus of nanoparticles in vivo trafficking has been mostly on their tissue-level biodistribution and clearance. Recent progress in the nanomedicine field suggests that the targeting of nanoparticles to immune cells can be used to modulate the immune response and enhance therapeutic delivery to the diseased tissue. In the presence of tumor lesions, monocytic-myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) expand significantly in the bone marrow, egress into peripheral blood, and traffic to the solid tumor, where they help maintain an immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the interaction between PAMAM dendrimers and M-MDSCs in two murine models of glioblastoma, by examining the cell-level biodistribution kinetics of the systemically injected dendrimers. We found that M-MDSCs in the tumor and lymphoid organs can efficiently endocytose hydroxyl dendrimers. Interestingly, the trafficking of M-MDSCs from the bone marrow to the tumor contributed to the deposition of hydroxyl dendrimers in the tumor. M-MDSCs showed different capacities of endocytosing dendrimers of different functionalities in vivo. This differential uptake was mediated by the unique serum proteins associated with each dendrimer surface functionality. The results of this study set up the framework for developing dendrimer-based immunotherapy to target M-MDSCs for cancer treatment.
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Older adults following an inpatient geriatric rehabilitation (GR) program commonly experience adverse health outcomes such as hospital readmission, institutionalization, and mortality. Although several studies have explored factors related to these outcomes, the influence of admission reason on the predictive factors of adverse health outcomes in the rehabilitation process remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to identify predictive factors for adverse health outcomes in inpatients attending GR according to their admission reason. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients with orthogeriatric (OG) conditions and patients with hospital-associated deconditioning (HAD) admitted to GR after an acute hospitalization between 2016 and 2020. Patients were evaluated by a comprehensive geriatric assessment at admission, including sociodemographic data, social resources, clinical data, cognitive, functional and nutritional status, and physical performance measurements. Adverse health outcomes were collected (hospital readmission, institutionalization, and mortality). Univariate analyses and multivariate backward binary logistic regressions were used to determine predictive factors. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In this study, 290 patients were admitted for OG conditions, and 122 patients were admitted due to HAD. In patients with OG conditions, lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) predicted institutionalization and mortality. Lower Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form predicted institutionalization, whereas lower Barthel Index and lower Tinetti-Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment scores were associated with higher mortality. In patients with HAD, higher age-adjusted comorbidity index predicted hospital readmission and mortality, and lower Short Physical Performance Battery scores predicted institutionalization and mortality. Finally, lower MMSE scores, worse values in Older Americans Resources and Services Scale and male gender were associated with a higher risk of institutionalization. CONCLUSIONS: Predictive factors for hospital readmission, institutionalization, and mortality in patients with OG conditions and HAD during GR were different. Some of those predictors, such as nutritional status and physical performance, are modifiable. Understanding predictive factors for adverse outcomes, and how these factors differ by admission diagnosis, improves our ability to identify patients most at risk. Early identification of these patients could assist with prevention efforts and lead to a reduction of negative outcomes.
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Liver fibrosis is the result of chronic liver injury of different etiologies produced by an imbalance between the synthesis and degeneration of the extracellular matrix and dysregulation of physiological mechanisms. Liver has a high regenerative capacity in the early stage of chronic diseases so a prompt liver fibrosis detection is important. Consequently, an easy and economic tool that could identify patients with liver fibrosis at the initial stages is needed. To achieve this, many non-invasive serum direct, such as hyaluronic acid or metalloproteases, and indirect biomarkers have been proposed to evaluate liver fibrosis. Also, there have been developed formulas that combine these biomarkers, some of them also introduce clinical and/or demographic parameters, like FIB-4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), enhance liver fibrosis (ELF) or Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS). In this manuscript we critically reviewed different serum biomarkers and formulas for their utility in the diagnosis and progression of liver fibrosis.
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Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor, resulting in poor survival despite aggressive therapies. GBM is characterized by a highly heterogeneous and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) made up predominantly of infiltrating peripheral immune cells. One significant immune cell type that contributes to glioma immune evasion is a population of immunosuppressive cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Previous studies suggest that a subset of myeloid cells, expressing monocytic (M)-MDSC markers and dual expression of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1, utilize CCR2 to infiltrate the TME. This study evaluated the mechanism of CCR2+/CX3CR1+ M-MDSC differentiation and T cell suppressive function in murine glioma models. We determined that bone marrow-derived CCR2+/CX3CR1+ cells adopt an immune suppressive cell phenotype when cultured with glioma-derived factors. Glioma secreted CSF1R ligands M-CSF and IL-34 were identified as key drivers of M-MDSC differentiation while adenosine and iNOS pathways were implicated in M-MDSC suppression of T cells. Mining a human GBM spatial RNAseq database revealed a variety of different pathways that M-MDSCs utilize to exert their suppressive function that are driven by complex niches within the microenvironment. These data provide a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of M-MDSCs in glioblastoma.
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INTRODUCTION: Sensor-based digital health technology (DHT) has emerged as a promising means to assess patient functioning within and outside clinical trials. Sensor-based functional outcomes (SBFOs) provide valuable insights that complement other measures of how a patient feels or functions to enhance understanding of the patient experience to inform medical product development. AREAS COVERED: This perspective paper provides recommendations for defining SBFOs, discusses the core evidence required to support SBFOs to inform decision-making, and considers future directions for the field. EXPERT COMMENTARY: The clinical outcome assessment (COA) development process provides an important starting point for developing patient-centered SBFOs; however, given the infancy of the field, SBFO development may benefit from a hybrid approach to evidence generation by merging exploratory data analysis with patient engagement in measure development. Effective SBFO development requires combining unique expertise in patient engagement, measurement and regulatory science, and digital health and analytics. Challenges specific to SBFO development include identifying concepts of interest, ensuring measurement of meaningful aspects of health, and identifying thresholds for meaningful change. SBFOs are complementary to other COAs and, as part of an integrated evidence strategy, offer great promise in fostering a holistic understanding of patient experience and treatment benefits, particularly in real-world settings.
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Tecnologia Biomédica , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Participação do Paciente , Humanos , Tecnologia Biomédica/métodos , Tomada de Decisões , Tecnologia Digital , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Assistência Centrada no PacienteRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a group exercise intervention conducted by real-time videoconference on the low back pain of eldercare workers. METHODS: We randomly assigned 130 eldercare workers to an experimental group (EG: n = 65) or control group (CG: n = 65). Participants from both groups took part in routine prevention programs carried out in their workplace, and participants from the EG received an additional 12-week resistance-exercise intervention supervised by real-time videoconference. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention, and the primary outcome was average low back pain intensity during the last 7 days, measured by the 0-10 numerical rating scale. Secondary outcomes included additional measures of low back, neck, shoulder and hand/wrist pain, as well as psycho-affective parameters, medication consumption and muscle performance. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were applied with a group-by-time ANCOVA including baseline measurements as covariates. RESULTS: 125 participants completed post-intervention assessments (EG: n = 63, CG: n = 62). The intention-to-treat analysis showed an effect favouring the EG on average low back pain intensity (p = 0.034). Improvements in additional low back and hand/wrist pain outcomes were also observed, as well as on upper limb muscle performance (p < 0.05). The per-protocol analysis demonstrated additional benefits in depression, quality of life, hypnotic/anxiolytic medication consumption and lower limb and trunk muscle performance in participants with ≥ 50% adherence (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was effective for reducing the low back and hand/wrist pain of eldercare workers and increasing upper limb muscle performance. The per-protocol analysis showed additional benefits in psycho-affective parameters, medication consumption and muscle performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05050526. Registered 20 September 2021-Prospectively registered, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/study/NCT05050526.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Small-dense-low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is proatherogenic and not commonly measured. The aims were to evaluate capillary blood and its stability for sdLDL-C measurement and measure sdLDL-C in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: 182 patients were studied (49 with MS). sdLDL-C was measured by electrophoresis (LipoPrint®), direct measurement (Roche Diagnostics) and Sampson equation. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of atheroma was evaluated. sdLDL-C was compared in paired venous and capillary blood according to CLSI-EP09c (n = 40). sdLDL-C stability was studied after 24 h at room temperature (RT). RESULTS: sdLDL-C in capillary blood and venous blood showed agreement with the direct measurement (bias: 4.17 mg/dL, LOA 95 %:-5.66; 13.99) and estimation (bias:8.12 mg/dL, LOA 95 %:-8.59; 24.82). sdLDL-C is stable in capillary blood for 24 h at RT. The electrophoretic method yielded lower (p < 0.05) sdLDL-C than the equation or direct measurement. Patients with MS had (p < 0.05) higher sdLDL-C (%) than patients without MS. Patients with atheroma plaques had higher sdLDL-C (p < 0.05). Estimated sdLDL-C correlated with IMT (r = 0.259, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Capillary blood is an alternative to venous blood for sdLDL-C measurement and is stable for 24 h after collection. Estimated and directly measured sdLDL-C associate with the MS being accessible tools for cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Síndrome Metabólica , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Placa Aterosclerótica/diagnóstico por imagem , LDL-Colesterol , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Introduction: So far, both for the general and older population, research on human values and wellbeing mainly shows correlational associations but does not inquire about the direction of this relationship. This is also true for values and civic participation. Therefore, our objective is to identify the directional association between civic participation and Schwartz values, and between values and wellbeing, among older Europeans. Methods: A pseudo-panel was created from the cross-sectional data of the European Social Survey (ESS 2002-2018), controlling for gender, age-group, country and level of studies (n = 3926). The data analysis was performed using a cross-lagged model, applying both random-effects and fixed-effects models. Results: On the one hand, the relationship between participation and values is bidirectional, but the effect of civic participation on values is more significant since participating stimulates the development of certain values. On the other hand, although the relationship between values and wellbeing is also bidirectional, the effect of wellbeing on values is stronger since a given level of wellbeing favors the development of particular values. Discussion: We conclude that civic participation should be promoted within the older population since it directly increases wellbeing, and moreover reinforces those (Growth-oriented) values that positively influence the health, happiness and life satisfaction of older people.
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Background: Throughout the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, the severity of the disease has varied. The aim of this study was to determine how patients' comorbidities affected and were related to, different outcomes during this time. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 1, 2020, and January 9, 2022. We extracted sociodemographic, basal comorbidities, prescribed treatments, COVID-19 vaccination data, and outcomes such as death and admission to hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) during the different periods of the pandemic. We used logistic regression to quantify the effect of each covariate in each outcome variable and a random forest algorithm to select the most relevant comorbidities. Results: Predictors of death included having dementia, heart failure, kidney disease, or cancer, while arterial hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular diseases, and leukemia were also relevant. Heart failure, dementia, kidney disease, diabetes, and cancer were predictors of adverse evolution (death or ICU admission) with arterial hypertension, ischemic heart, cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular diseases, and leukemia also relevant. Arterial hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, kidney, ischemic heart diseases, and cancer were predictors of hospitalization, while dyslipidemia and respiratory, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases were also relevant. Conclusions: Preexisting comorbidities such as dementia, cardiovascular and renal diseases, and cancers were those most related to adverse outcomes. Of particular note were the discrepancies between predictors of adverse outcomes and predictors of hospitalization and the fact that patients with dementia had a lower probability of being admitted in the first wave.
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COVID-19 , Demência , Diabetes Mellitus , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hipertensão , Leucemia , Neoplasias , Doenças Vasculares Periféricas , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Fatores de Risco , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Hospitalização , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) at the time of colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis has been proposed as a predictor of long-term survival. The aim of the study was to analyse its usefulness in a homogeneous population with control of the main confounding factors. METHODOLOGY: Observational study of 836 patients operated on for CRC who were divided into two groups: NLR ≤ 3.3 vs NLR > 3.3. To control for confounders, they were matched one-to-one by propensity analysis. A final sample of 526 patients remained for study. RESULTS: The two groups were mismatched in terms of age, comorbidity, tumour stage, rectal location, and neoadjuvant therapy. Once matching was performed, baseline NLR was statistically significantly associated with long-term survival (p < 0.001) and behaved as an independent prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.001; HR: 1,996; 95% CI: 1.32-3.00) when adjusted in a Cox regression model using age (p < 0,001; HR: 1,04; IC95%: 1,02-1,06) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (p < 0,001; HR: 1,40; IC95%: 1,27-1,55). Neoadjuvant therapy lost its statistical significance (p = 0,137; HR: 1,59; IC95%: 0,86-2,93). CONCLUSIONS: A high baseline NLR (> 3.3) in patients with colorectal cancer at diagnosis represents a poor prognostic factor in terms of survival. Its use in routine practice could intensify therapeutic strategies and follow-up in these patients.
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Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide widely used for agricultural pest control. Many nations worldwide have restricted or completely banned it due to its extreme toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates. Arthrobacter sp. strain KW has the ability to degrade α, ß endosulfan and its intermediate metabolite endosulfate; this degradation is associated with Ese protein, a two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase (TC-FDM). Employing in silico tools, we obtained the 3D model of Ese protein, and our results suggest that it belongs to the Luciferase Like Monooxygenase family (LLM). Docking studies showed that the residues V59, V315, D316, and T335 interact with α-endosulfan. The residues: V59, T60, V315, D316, and T335 are implicated in the interacting site with ß-endosulfan, and the residues: H17, V315, D316, T335, N364, and Q363 participate in the interaction with endosulfate. Topological analysis of the electron density by means of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and the Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) index reveals that the Ese-ligands complexes are formed mainly by dispersive forces, where Cl atoms have a predominant role. As Ese is a monooxygenase member, we predict the homodimer formation. However, enzymatic studies must be developed to investigate the Ese protein's enzymatic and catalytic activity.
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Arthrobacter , Inseticidas , Animais , Endossulfano/química , Endossulfano/metabolismo , Arthrobacter/metabolismo , Biodegradação Ambiental , Inseticidas/química , Inseticidas/metabolismo , Oxigenases de Função MistaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: OnabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA) is indicated for upper facial lines (UFL). Fear of unnatural-looking outcomes is a frequently reported treatment barrier. AIMS: Examine patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after onabotA treatment for UFL. METHODS: A post hoc analysis was conducted on two 12-month pivotal studies of onabotA for forehead and glabellar lines (20 U each), with/without treatment of crow's feet lines (±24 U). This analysis used PROs from the Facial Line Satisfaction Questionnaire: Items 4 (natural look), 5 (treatment effect), 11 (met expectations), and Impact Domain (appearance and psychological impact). The analysis included 458 neurotoxin-naive adults achieving a ≥2-grade improvement in forehead line (FHL) severity on the Facial Wrinkle Scale at Day 30 (primary endpoint). [Corrections made on 28 December 2023, after first online publication: 'UFL' in the previous sentence has been corrected to 'forehead line (FHL)' in this version.] Data were further stratified into millennials and men. RESULTS: At Day 30, 90.5% of all participants, 94.6% of millennials, and 85.7% of men were satisfied with receiving a natural look. Millennials had higher odds of being satisfied with natural outcomes at Day 30. This measure remained > 80% for all groups throughout the 12 months. Additionally, ≥80% were satisfied with the treatment effect, and >90% reported results met expectations. At Day 30, ≥50% reported positive impacts on self-perceived appearance and psychological well-being, but millennials had higher, and men had lower odds of reporting these improvements. CONCLUSIONS: Participants achieving a ≥2-grade improvement in FHL severity after onabotA reported high satisfaction with natural outcomes and the treatment effect, with improved self-perceived appearance and psychological well-being. [Corrections made on 28 December 2023, after first online publication: 'UFL' in the previous sentence has been corrected to 'FHL' in this version.] These results may help aesthetic providers and patients address fears regarding unnatural results with onabotA.
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Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A , Técnicas Cosméticas , Fármacos Neuromusculares , Envelhecimento da Pele , Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuromusculares/uso terapêutico , Satisfação do Paciente , Método Duplo-Cego , Testa , Autoimagem , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Copper(III) fluorides are catalytically competent, yet elusive, intermediates in cross-coupling. The synthesis of [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 F] (2), the first stable (isolable) CuIII -F, was accomplished via chloride addition to [CuIII (CF3 )3 (py)] (1) yielding [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 Cl(py)] (1â Cl), followed by treatment with AgF. The CuIII halides 1â Cl and 2 were fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (Sc-XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). Complex 2 proved capable of forging C-CF3 bonds from silyl-capped alkynes. In-depth mechanistic studies combining probes, theoretical calculations, trapping of intermediate 4a ([PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 (C≡CPh)]) and radical tests unveil the key role of the CuIII acetylides that undergo facile 2e- reductive elimination furnishing the trifluoromethylated alkynes (RC≡CCF3 ), which are industrially relevant synthons in drug discovery, pharma and agrochemistry.
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The UK has an ever-increasing ageing population; hence, promoting balanced nutrition can have fundamental health and cost benefits. In addition, the majority of older adults' dietary fibre intake is below recommendations and this is despite its well-cited benefits; therefore, more emphasis should be placed on identifying viable age-suitable strategies to overcome the associated dietary fibre-related knowledge gap. Accordingly, one hundred and seventy older adults (65-87 years) were recruited to partake in two survey related studies: (1) initial insights (e.g., dietary fibre-related knowledge, awareness, attitudes and behaviour as well as information preferences) were captured to inform the design of educational materials; and (2) the impact of two targeted educational materials on modulating older adults' future dietary fibre intake was tested. Older adults were willing to learn more about dietary fibre and requested additional information relating to its benefits, recommendations and food-based examples in a clear and accessible format. Therefore, two educational materials (factsheet and practical tips) were developed encompassing key themes. Overall, older adults engaged with the educational materials (regardless of topic and format); thus, demonstrating the potential benefits of this approach going forwards. There was strong agreement with all variables: learning something new, change future dietary fibre intake, format liking, content engaging and share with others as well as the overall experience being cited as useful/helpful. Going forwards, importance should be placed on measuring dietary fibre consumption post engaging with educational materials. In addition, utilising a holistic approach incorporating support from different sources (e.g., health professionals, government, food companies, supermarkets and community) could be fundamental in helping older adults to consume more dietary fibre and subsequently contributing to positive health outcomes.
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Envelhecimento , Estado Nutricional , Humanos , Idoso , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fibras na DietaRESUMO
El consumo de alcohol se considera un fenómeno complejo y multifactorial que puede estudiarse a través de diversas posturas teóricas, sin embargo, algunas teorías existentes carecen de sufi-cientes elementos para explorar y comprender dicho fenómeno. Por lo anterior, se propone una Teoría de Rango Medio que aborde los factores personales, ambientales y representaciones so-ciales del consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios a partir de la Teoría Cognitiva Social de Bandura y de la conceptualización de la representación social de Moscovici. Para ello, se utilizó el método de Estructura Conceptual-Teórico-Empírico propuesto por Fawcett, compuesto por cinco pasos. La teoría derivada de este método contribuye en la identificación de un fenómeno específico para la disciplina mediante la determinación de conceptos y su relación con el con-sumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Además, de la incorporación de las representaciones sociales como elemento innovador para la profundización del fenómeno. Esta propuesta puede ser considerada en futuras investigaciones para ser probada y contribuir significativamente en el desarrollo de conocimiento sobre el consumo de alcohol
Alcohol consumption is considered a complex and multifactorial phenomenon that can be studied through various theoretical positions; however, some existing theories lack sufficient elements to explore and understand this phenomenon. Therefore, a Middle Range Theory is proposed that addresses personal, environmental, and social representations of alcohol consumption in young university students based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and Moscovici's conceptualiza-tion of social representation. For this, the method of Conceptual-Theoretical-Empirical Structure proposed by Fawcett was used, consisting of five steps. The theory derived from this method con-tributes to the identification of a specific phenomenon for the discipline by determining concepts and their relationship with alcohol consumption in young university students. In addition, the incorporation of social representations as an innovative element for the deepening of the phenom-enon. This proposal can be considered in future research to be tested and contribute significantly to the development of knowledge about alcohol consumption
O consumo de álcool é considerado um fenômeno complexo e multifatorial que pode ser estu-dado por meio de vários posicionamentos teóricos, porém, algumas teorias existentes carecem de elementos suficientes para explorar e compreender esse fenômeno. Assim, propõe-se uma Teoria de Médio Alcance que aborda as representações pessoais, ambientais e sociais do consu-mo de álcool em universitários com base na Teoria Social Cognitiva de Bandura e na conceitu-ação de representação social de Moscovici. Para isso, foi utilizado o método da Estrutura Con-ceitual-Teórico-Empírica proposto por Fawcett, composto por cinco etapas. A teoria derivada desse método contribui para a identificação de um fenômeno específico da disciplina ao deter-minar conceitos e sua relação com o consumo de álcool em jovens universitários. Além disso, a incorporação das representações sociais como elemento inovador para o aprofundamento do fenômeno. Essa proposta pode ser considerada em pesquisas futuras a serem testadas e contribuir significativamente para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre o consumo de álcool
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Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Fatores de Risco , Adulto , Fatores de Proteção , Representação SocialRESUMO
Almost 3% of the proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the main causative agent of human tuberculosis, are lipoproteins. These lipoproteins are characteristic of the mycobacterial cell envelope and participate in many mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. In this review, the authors provide an updated analysis of M. tuberculosis lipoproteins and categorize them according to their demonstrated or predicted functions, including transport of compounds to and from the cytoplasm, biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell envelope, defense and resistance mechanisms, enzymatic activities and signaling pathways. In addition, this updated analysis revealed that at least 40% of M. tuberculosis lipoproteins are glycosylated.
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Membrana Celular , Parede Celular/metabolismo , Lipoproteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismoRESUMO
Background: The NutrIMSS program is granted to populations with chronic conditions to improve basic health indicators and its effectiveness in this population is unknown. Objective: To analyze the change in the basic health indicators of patients who attended the NutrIMSS Program, at the UMF No. 2 of the IMSS in Mexico City, during the period 2018 to 2019. Material and methods: From 105 files of IMSS beneficiaries, a retrospective cohort study was carried out considering two measurements, before and after the NutrIMSS program. To evaluate the average change over time of health indicators, GEE models (Generalized Estimation Equations) and multiple linear regression models were used. Statistical analysis was used using the statistical program StataCorp 2015. Results: Patients who attended the Program showed changes between the beginning and end of the period with an average of three months of follow-up. They presented a decrease in the following health indicators: body weight of 1 kg, body mass index: 0.8 kg/m2, glucose of 13 mg/dL, triglycerides of 57 mg/dL and cholesterol of 17 mg/dL (p < 0.005 in all cases). There was no difference in the level of blood pressure. Conclusions: The NutrIMSS program influenced the improvement of the health indicators of the population of the program and is an ally to improve the health of the IMSS beneficiary population.
Introducción: el programa NutrIMSS se otorga a población con padecimientos crónicos para mejorar los indicadores básicos de salud; sin embargo, se desconoce su efectividad en esta población. Objetivo: analizar el cambio en los indicadores básicos de salud de pacientes que acudieron al programa NutrIMSS, en la UMF No. 2 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) en la Ciudad de México, durante el periodo 2018 a 2019. Material y métodos: a partir de 105 expedientes de derechohabientes del IMSS se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, considerando dos mediciones, antes y después del programa NutrIMSS. Para evaluar el cambio promedio en el tiempo de los indicadores de salud se utilizaron modelos GEE (Ecuaciones de Estimación Generalizadas) y modelos de regresión lineal múltiple. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa estadístico StataCorp 2015. Resultados: los pacientes que acudieron a NutrIMSS mostraron cambios entre el inicio y el fin del periodo, con un promedio de seguimiento de tres meses. Presentaron una disminución en los siguientes indicadores de salud: peso corporal de 1 kg, índice de masa corporal: 0.8 kg/m2, glucosa de 13 mg/dL, triglicéridos de 57 mg/dL y colesterol de 17 mg/dL (p < 0.005, en todos los casos). No se presentó diferencia en el nivel de la tensión arterial. Conclusiones: el programa NutrIMSS influyó para mejorar los indicadores de salud de la población del programa y es un aliado en la mejora de la salud de la población derechohabiente del IMSS.
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Colesterol , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Triglicerídeos , Índice de Massa Corporal , MéxicoRESUMO
The objective of this longitudinal study was to analyze changes in physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, anxiety, mood, and perceived health as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in a cohort of Spanish university students, both during the home confinement and one year after. Additionally, we analyzed the associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and other measured parameters. Data were collected through two online questionnaires that included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and self-reported anxiety, mood, and perceived health levels before, during and one year after home confinement. Participants reported decreased physical activity, increased sedentary time, and deterioration in sleep quality and perceived health during confinement. Most parameters had improved one year later; however, the participants still reported less physical activity, more sedentary time, and deterioration in sleep quality and perceived health compared to before confinement. Men reported greater reduction of physical activity during home confinement than women. In contrast, women reported reduced physical activity one year after confinement, whereas men reported increased activity. Participants reported higher anxiety and worse mood both during and one year post-confinement compared to pre-confinement, with women reporting higher levels of anxiety than men. Sports science students were closer to regaining pre-pandemic levels of physical activity one year post-confinement than students in other disciplines. Sleep, anxiety, and mood were worse among students with obesity compared to students in other BMI categories. Overall, increased physical activity and decreased sedentary time were associated with less anxiety and better sleep, mood, and perceived health during and one year post-confinement. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, anxiety, mood, and perceived health were disrupted one year after home confinement. Higher levels of physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with preserved sleep and mental health during the pandemic.
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Fluorescent probes capable of sensing the biological medium are of utmost importance in medical diagnostics. However, the optical spectrum of such probes needs to be tuned with care for compatibility with living tissues. More specifically, fluorescent bioprobes must be adjusted so as to avoid light interference with pigments (e.g. hemoglobin), tissue photodamage, scattering of the emitted light, and autofluorescence. This leads to two important conditions on the optical spectrum of the probes. On the one hand, the emission wavelength must be in an optical window of 650 to 950 nm. On the other hand, the Stokes shift must be large, ideally greater than 150 nm. In this paper, we showcase the in-silico design of potential fluorescent biomarkers fulfilling these two conditions by means of heteroatomic substitution and conjugation on a 1,2,4-triazole core initially far away from biological standards.