Peripheral neuropathy caused by fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) straw intoxication in cattle and experimental reproduction in sheep and goats.

Trigonella foenum-graecum (fenugreek) is a legume widely used as a food supplement in humans and less frequently in ruminants. Toxicity has been described sporadically in ruminants grazing mature fenugreek plants or stubble; however, the pathological features are unclear. This report describes a natural outbreak of intoxication in cattle fed fenugreek straw and the experimental reproduction using 8 sheep and 8 goats. Affected cattle presented clinical signs approximately 1 month after consuming the straw and 100 of 400 cattle (25%) were affected, of which 60 of 100 (60%) died or were euthanized. Clinical signs were characterized by proprioceptive positioning defects with abnormal postures and weakness of hindlimbs. Forelimbs were also affected in severely affected animals, and cattle became recumbent. Locomotion was characterized by trembling, and some cattle showed high-stepping movements of their forelimbs and knuckled over in their fetlocks. Experimental intoxication induced clinical signs only in sheep and were similar to cattle, although with signs starting in the forelegs. Gross and microscopic lesions were similar in spontaneous and experimental intoxications. Macroscopic changes corresponded with muscular hemorrhages and edema, mainly surrounding the peripheral nerves. Microscopic examination only demonstrated lesions in the distal peripheral nerves, which included edema, hemorrhages, and Wallerian degeneration. Neurofilament immunohistochemistry revealed altered axon labeling and S100 showed a decrease in myelin intensity and loss of its typical compact arrangement around axons. Biochemical and hematological abnormalities included elevated levels of muscle and liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. These findings indicate that fenugreek straw induces peripheral neuropathy in cattle and sheep, but not in goats.

First evidence of regional migration of the copper shark Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) in the Southwest Atlantic.

Regional migration of the copper shark Carcharhinus brachyurus was recorded for the first time in the Southwest Atlantic (SWA) from Argentina (latitude: -38.1037, longitude: -57.5371) to Brazil (latitude: -20.6833, longitude: -40.2846) as a result of a citizen science tagging project. The recaptured specimen was a female (103 kg weight), with 18 developing embryos within the uterus. The total distance was at least 2566 km, and it is the longest ever recorded for the species. Furthermore, it extends its northern distribution in the SWA.

Classical and Atypical Scrapie in Sheep and Goats. Review on the Etiology, Genetic Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Control Measures of Both Diseases.

Prion diseases, such as scrapie, are neurodegenerative diseases with a fatal outcome, caused by a conformational change of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), originating with the pathogenic form (PrPSc). Classical scrapie in small ruminants is the paradigm of prion diseases, as it was the first transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) described and is the most studied. It is necessary to understand the etiological properties, the relevance of the transmission pathways, the infectivity of the tissues, and how we can improve the detection of the prion protein to encourage detection of the disease. The aim of this review is to perform an overview of classical and atypical scrapie disease in sheep and goats, detailing those special issues of the disease, such as genetic factors, diagnostic procedures, and surveillance approaches carried out in the European Union with the objective of controlling the dissemination of scrapie disease.

Behavioral and morphological contrasts on the reproduction of two prolonged breeders of the genus Physalaemus (Anura: Leptodactylidae).

The reproduction is one of the main events in the life of an organism, and anurans stand out among vertebrates because of the diversity of their reproductive strategies. We studied the reproduction of two syntopic species, Physalaemus aff. albonotatus and P. santafecinus, and comparatively described their reproductive activity pattern, advertisement calls, calling sites, daily calling activity, amplexus behavior, foam nests, and microhabitats in foam nests. In regards to the reproductive activity pattern, both species were defined as prolonged breeders. However, P. santafecinus exhibited a behavior like explosive breeders: it had a faster reproductive response against rains than P. aff. albonotatus. The calling activity was restricted exclusively to night hours in P. santafecinus, whereas P. aff. albonotatus called during both night and day. The advertisement calls of both species showed a rich harmonic structure, and were characterized by a bimodal harmonic dominance. The species differed significantly in microhabitat calling sites, foam nests, and microhabitats in foam nests. Namely, P. santafecinus frequently called and constructed its nests in sites more exposed than those of P. aff. albonotatus. The general differences in reproductive behaviors observed between the species principally agree with their different reproductive activity patterns.

Frecuencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de prediabetes en el personal sanitario

RESUMEN Introducción: los factores de riesgo importantes para el desarrollo de y diabetes tipo 2 son la obesidad, la dislipidemia y la hiperglucemia. El incremento de la frecuencia las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles es un fenómeno mundial y Paraguay no es la excepción. Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia de desarrollar prediabetes con respecto a patrones alimentarios, identificando trastornos en el metabolismo de los hidratos de carbono en el personal de blanco, teniendo en cuenta el horario laboral y actitudes alimentarias. Metodología: estudio analítico, prospectivo, observacional, de corte trasversal. Estudio enfocado en el personal de blanco del Hospital San Pablo (Asunción, Paraguay), de ambos sexos, quienes aceptaron voluntariamente participar de una encuesta de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de durante el período de julio a diciembre de 2017. Resultados: se encontró una elevada frecuencia de factores de riesgo para en una población joven y dedicada al cuidado de la comunidad. En cuanto a la evaluación de conocimientos de los encuestados, todos describían la influencia negativa de los factores de riesgo, desconociendo ciertas peculiaridades sobre aspectos relacionados con el consumo de hidratos de carbono simples o complejos o el valor de sus niveles de lípidos. En cuanto a la percepción sobre el peso y la actividad física, manifestaron su preocupación. Conclusiones: se halló una elevada frecuencia de factores de riesgo para desarrollar prediabetes. En cuanto a la evaluación de conocimientos de los encuestados, todos describían la influencia negativa de los factores de riesgo, desconociendo ciertas peculiaridades sobre aspectos relacionados con el consumo de hidratos de carbono simples o complejos o el valor de sus niveles de lípidos

ABSTRACT Introduction: The important risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes are obesity, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. The increase in the frequency of chronic noncommunicable diseases is a worldwide phenomenon and Paraguay is no exception. Objectives: To determine the frequency of developing prediabetes with respect to dietary patterns, identifying disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates in health personnel, taking into account working hours and eating attitudes. Methodology: Analytical, prospective, observational and cross-sectional study. Study focused on the health staff of the San Pablo Hospital (Asunción, Paraguay), males and females, who voluntarily agreed to participate in a survey of risk factors for development during the period from July to December 2017. Results: A high frequency of risk factors was found in a young population dedicated to community care. In relation to the evaluation of the knowledge of respondents, all described the negative influence of the risk factors, ignoring certain peculiarities about aspects related to the consumption of simple or complex carbohydrates or the value of their lipid levels. Regarding the perception of weight and physical activity, they expressed concern. Conclusions: A high frequency of risk factors was found to develop prediabetes. Regarding the evaluation of the knowledge of respondents, all described the negative influence of risk factors, ignoring certain peculiarities about aspects related to the consumption of simple or complex carbohydrates or the value of their lipid levels.

Phase II, Multicenter, Single-arm Trial of Eribulin as First-line Therapy for Patients With Aggressive Taxane-pretreated HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: The MERIBEL Study.

BACKGROUND: Eribulin has efficacy in patients with progression after ≥ 1 chemotherapeutic regimen for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A short disease-free interval (DFI) and previous use of taxanes in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting have been associated with worse outcomes for patients receiving first-line chemotherapy for HER2-negative MBC. The aim of the present trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eribulin as first-line therapy for patients with HER2-negative MBC with these poor prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eribulin monotherapy was administered until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The principal selection criteria were HER2 negativity without previous chemotherapy for MBC, the previous use of taxanes for early-stage breast cancer, and a DFI of < 36 months (subsequently amended to 48 months). The primary endpoint was the investigator-assessed time to progression. The secondary endpoints included overall survival, progression-free survival, objective response rate, clinical benefit rate, duration of response, and toxicity profile. A total of 53 patients were enrolled and received ≥ 1 dose of eribulin. RESULTS: The median patient age was 47 years (range, 23-82.8 years). The median DFI was 15.7 months (range, 0.1-46.4 months). The median investigator-assessed time to progression was 4.1 months (range, 0.2-27.8 months; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-6.2 months). The objective response and clinical benefit rate was 20.8% and 26.4%, respectively. All-grade and grade 3/4 adverse events developed in 96.2% and 69.8% of patients, respectively. The most common treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia, leukopenia, alopecia, nausea, and anemia. CONCLUSION: Eribulin is effective and safe as first-line therapy for aggressive taxane-pretreated HER2-negative MBC.

Intensive care treatments associated with favorable discharge outcomes in Argentine children with severe traumatic brain injury: For the South American Guideline Adherence Group.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the critical care management of children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in low middle income countries. We aimed to identify indicators of intensive care unit (ICU) treatments associated with favorable outcomes in Argentine children with severe TBI. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from patients previously enrolled in a prospective seven center study of children with severe TBI who were admitted to an ICU in one of the seven study centers. Severe TBI was defined by head AIS ≥ 3, head CT with traumatic lesion, and admission GCS < 9. Seven indicators of best practice TBI care were examined. The primary outcome was discharge Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale [PCPC] and Pediatric Overall Performance category Scale [POPC]. We also examined variation in ICU care and in-patient mortality. RESULTS: Of the 117 children, 67% were male and 7.5 (4.3) years on average, 92% had isolated TBI. Hypotension (54%) was more common than hypoxia (28%) and clinical or radiographic signs of high intracranial pressure (ICP) were observed in 92%. Yet, ICP monitoring occurred in 60% and hyperosmolar therapy was used in only 36%. Adherence to indicators of best TBI practice ranged from 55.6% to 83.7% across the seven centers and adherence was associated with favorable discharge PCPC (aRR 0.98; 95% CI [0.96, 0.99]), and POPC (aRR 0.98; 95% CI [0.96, 0.99]). Compared to patients whose adherence rates were below 65%, patients whose adherence rates were higher between 75%-100% had better discharge PCPC (aRR 0.28; 95% CI [0.10, 0.83]) and POPC (aRR 0.32; 95% CI [0.15, 0.73]. Two indicators were associated with favorable discharge PCPC: Avoidance of hypoxia (aRR 0.46; 95% CI [0.23, 0.93]), and Nutrition started in 72 hours (aRR 0.45; 95% CI [0.21, 0.99]). Avoiding hypoxia was also associated with favorable discharge POPC (aRR 0.47; 95% CI [0.22, 0.99]). CONCLUSION: There is variation in Argentine ICU practice in the care of children with severe TBI. Second insults are common and hyperosmolar therapy use is uncommon. Adherence to best practice TBI care by avoiding hypoxia and providing timely nutrition were associated with significantly favorable discharge outcomes. Implementing strategies that prevent hypoxia and facilitate early nutrition in the ICUs are urgently needed to improve pediatric TBI outcomes.

Benchmarking Prehospital and Emergency Department Care for Argentine Children with Traumatic Brain Injury: For the South American Guideline Adherence Group.

OBJECTIVE: There is little information on the type of early care provided to children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in low middle income countries. We benchmarked early prehospital [PH] and emergency department [ED] pediatric TBI care in Argentina. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from patients previously enrolled in a prospective seven center study of children with TBI. Eligible participants were patients 0-18 years, and had diagnosis of TBI (admission Glasgow Coma scale score [GCS] < 13 or with GCS 14-15 and abnormal head CT scan within 48 hours of admission, and head AIS > 0). Outcomes were transport type, transport time, PH and ED adherence to best practice, and discharge Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category Scale (PCPC) and Pediatric Overall Performance category Scale (POPC). RESULTS: Of the 366 children, mean age was 8.7 (5.0) years, 58% were male, 90% had isolated TBI and 45.4% were transported by private vehicle. 50 (34.7%) of the 144 children with severe TBI (39.3% of all TBI patients) were transported by private vehicle. Most (267; 73%) patients received initial TBI care at an index hospital prior to study center admission, including children with severe (81.9%) TBI. Transport times were shorter for those patients who were directly transported by ambulance to study center than for the whole cohort (1.4 vs.5.5 hours). Ambulance blood pressure data were recorded in 30.9%. ED guideline adherence rate was higher than PH guideline adherence rate (84.8% vs. 26.4%). For patients directly transferred from scene to study trauma centers, longer transport time was associated with worse discharge outcome (PCPC aOR 1.10 [1.04, 1.18] and (POPC aOR 1.10 [1.04, 1.18]). There was no relationship between PH or ED TBI guideline adherence rate and discharge POPC and PCPC. CONCLUSION: This study benchmarks early pediatric TBI care in Argentina and shows that many critically injured children with TBI do not receive timely or best practice PH care, that PH guideline adherence rate is low and that longer transport time was associated with poor discharge outcomes for patients with direct transfer status. There is an urgent need to improve the early care of children with TBI in Argentina, especially timely transportation to a hospital.

Postdischarge Care of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in Argentina: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To develop, in partnership with families of children with traumatic brain injury, a postdischarge intervention that is effective, simple, and sustainable. DESIGN: Randomized Controlled Trial. SETTING: Seven Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Centers in Argentina. PATIENTS: Persons less than 19 years of age admitted to one of the study hospitals with a diagnosis of severe, moderate, or complicated mild traumatic brain injury and were discharged alive. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or standard care group. A specially trained Community Resource Coordinator was assigned to each family in the intervention group. We hypothesized that children with severe, moderate, and complicated mild traumatic brain injury who received the intervention would have significantly better functional outcomes at 6 months post discharge than those who received standard care. We further hypothesized that there would be a direct correlation between patient outcome and measures of family function. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a composite measured at 6 months post injury. There were 308 patients included in the study (61% men). Forty-four percent sustained a complicated mild traumatic brain injury, 18% moderate, and 38% severe. Sixty-five percent of the patients were 8 years old or younger, and over 70% were transported to the hospital without ambulance assistance. There was no significant difference between groups on the primary outcome measure. There was a statistically significant correlation between the primary outcome measure and the scores on the Family Impact Module of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (ρ = 0.57; p < 0.0001). Children with better outcomes lived with families reporting better function at 6 months post injury. CONCLUSIONS: Although no significant effect of the intervention was demonstrated, this study represents the first conducted in Latin America that documents the complete course of treatment for pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury spanning hospital transport through hospital care and into the postdischarge setting.

Frecuencia de dislipidémicos e hipertensos en personas mayores de 60 años de 3 consultorios / Frequency of dyslipemia and hypertension in persons aged 60 and more from three consulting rooms

OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de dislipidémicos y de hipertensos en personas mayores de 60 años, entre 403 ancianos de 3 consultorios del policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en Plaza la Revolución, Ciudad de La Habana. MÉTODOS: se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal. Se aplicó el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. Variables: edad, sexo, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, presión arterial, hábito de fumar, colesterol total y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS: el 51,1 por ciento son dislipidémicos hipertensos, la forma clínica de dislipidemia más frecuente es la mixta, y es significativa la asociación entre estas 2 variables: dislipidémicos hipertensos y los hipertensos con el índice de masa corporal. CONCLUSIONES: esta investigación permitió incorporar a la dispensarización del área nuevos hipertensos y dislipidémicos, y se comprobó que la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia son trastornos frecuentes en los ancianos estudiados. Un logro a destacar del trabajo del Médico y Enfermera de la Familia, es el bajo índice de ancianos fumadores observado en el estudio.

OBJECTIVE: to determine frequency of dyslipemia and hypertension in persons aged 60 and more among 403 elderlies from three consulting rooms of "Héroes del Moncada" polyclinic in Plaza Municipality of Havana City. METHODS: authors made a cross-sectional and descriptive research. We applied collection model of primary datum from the Center or Research and References of Atherosclerosis of Havana City. The variables included: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), high blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS: the 51,1 percent presenting with dyslipemia and hypertension, the more frequent way of dyslipemia is the mixed one, and it is significant the association between these two variables: dyslipemia-hypertensive and the hypertensive-BMI. CONCLUSIONS: this research allows us the incorporation of new hypertensive and dyslipemia patients to area care verifying that high blood pressure and dyslipemia are frequent disorders in study elderlies. A significant achievement of Family Physician and Nurse is the low rate of smoking in this age group.

Obesidad, hipertensión y tabaquismo:: señales ateroscleróticas tempranas en adolescentes de la secundaria básica "Guido Fuentes" / Obesity, hypertension and smoking:: early atherosclerotic signals found in adolescent students from "Guido Fuentes" junior high school

Introducción Se realizó un estudio transversal a una población de 347 adolescentes de la secundaria básica "Guido Fuentes" perteneciente al policlínico "Héroes del Moncada." Objetivos Identificar la presencia de obesidad, hipertensión y tabaquismo, señales ateroscleróticas tempranas, en los adolescentes; establecer asociaciones entre estas variables y agrupar la población según el número de señales detectadas. Métodos Se hicieron mediciones del peso, la talla, la circunferencia de la cintura y de la cadera y se clasificó el estado nutricional de acuerdo a los percentiles de Índice de Masa Corporal. Se tomó la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica y se clasificaron de acuerdo a sus percentiles de tensión arterial. El hábito de fumar se recogió de acuerdo a lo referido por el adolescente. Se realizó estadística descriptiva para la distribución de frecuencia y análisis de tablas de contingencia simples. Resultados El 20,4 % tenía sobrepeso u obesidad, el 9 % tenía cifras elevadas de tensión arterial, el 55 % eran fumadores pasivos y el 4,9 % fumadores activos. Se demostró la fuerte asociación existente entre la hipertensión y la obesidad (p=0,001). Se observó que el 18,1 % tenía dos señales ateroscleróticas y el 7,8 % las tres, por lo que en total, el 70,3 % presentó señales ateroscleróticas tempranas. Conclusiones Se demuestra la necesidad de establecer medidas preventivas en este grupo poblacional para evitar o disminuir los riesgos que puede ocasionar para la salud a mediano y largo plazo la presencia de la obesidad, hipertensión y el tabaquismo.

Introduction A cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 347 adolescent students from "Guido Fuentes" junior high school, which is cared for by "Heroes del Moncada" polyclinics. Objectives To identify obesity, hypertension and smoking that are atherosclerotic signals in adolescents; to set the association of these variables, and to group the population according to the number of detected signals. Methods Weight, size, waist and hip circumference were estimated, and then the nutritional status was determined according to the body mass index percentiles. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were taken and classified according to blood pressure percentiles. The adolescents gave information on smoking. The statistical analysis comprised summary statistics for frequency distribution and simple contingency table analysis. Results 20.4 % of adolescent students were overweighted or obese, 9% had high blood pressure figures, 55 % were passive smokers whereas 4.9 % were active smokers. There was strong association of hypertension and obesity (p=0,001). It was observed that 18.1% showed two atherosclerotic signasls and 7.8 % had all three, therefore, 70.3 % presented with early atherosclerotic signals. Conclusions The need of taking preventive measures in this population group so as to avoid or reduce the risks that obesity, hypertension and smoking can bring to health in the medium and long run.

Frecuencia de dislipidémicos e hipertensos en personas mayores de 60 años de 3 consultorios / Frequency of dyslipemia and hypertension in persons aged 60 and more from three consulting rooms

OBJETIVO: determinar la frecuencia de dislipidémicos y de hipertensos en personas mayores de 60 años, entre 403 ancianos de 3 consultorios del policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en Plaza la Revolución, Ciudad de La Habana. MÉTODOS: se realizó una investigación descriptiva transversal. Se aplicó el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigación y Referencias de Aterosclerosis de La Habana. Variables: edad, sexo, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, presión arterial, hábito de fumar, colesterol total y triglicéridos. RESULTADOS: el 51,1 por ciento son dislipidémicos hipertensos, la forma clínica de dislipidemia más frecuente es la mixta, y es significativa la asociación entre estas 2 variables: dislipidémicos hipertensos y los hipertensos con el índice de masa corporal. CONCLUSIONES: esta investigación permitió incorporar a la dispensarización del área nuevos hipertensos y dislipidémicos, y se comprobó que la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia son trastornos frecuentes en los ancianos estudiados. Un logro a destacar del trabajo del Médico y Enfermera de la Familia, es el bajo índice de ancianos fumadores observado en el estudio(AU)

OBJECTIVE: to determine frequency of dyslipemia and hypertension in persons aged 60 and more among 403 elderlies from three consulting rooms of "Héroes del Moncada" polyclinic in Plaza Municipality of Havana City. METHODS: authors made a cross-sectional and descriptive research. We applied collection model of primary datum from the Center or Research and References of Atherosclerosis of Havana City. The variables included: age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), high blood pressure, smoking, and total cholesterol and triglycerides. RESULTS: the 51,1 percent presenting with dyslipemia and hypertension, the more frequent way of dyslipemia is the mixed one, and it is significant the association between these two variables: dyslipemia-hypertensive and the hypertensive-BMI. CONCLUSIONS: this research allows us the incorporation of new hypertensive and dyslipemia patients to area care verifying that high blood pressure and dyslipemia are frequent disorders in study elderlies. A significant achievement of Family Physician and Nurse is the low rate of smoking in this age group(AU)

Factores de riesgo aterogénico en adolescentes de secundaria básica / Atherogenic risk factors in adolescents from secondary basic school

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar factores de riesgo aterogénico, en adolescentes de secundaria básica, y establecer las relaciones entre esta variable y sus variaciones según edad y sexo. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en una población de 347 adolescentes de la secundaria básica Guido Fuentes, del policlínico Héroes del Moncada (Plaza de la Revolución). Se registró los datos en el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigaciones y Referencias de la Habana (CIRAH). Se realizaron mensuraciones del peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura y de la cadera. Se evalúo el estado nutricional por percentiles de índice de masa corporal y el índice cintura-cadera por percentiles. Las cifras de tensión arterial se clasificaron de acuerdo con los percentiles de tensión arterial ajustados para edad, sexo y talla. Resultados. El 9 por ciento de los adolescentes presentó cifras de tensión arterial por encima de las normales. Hubo relación significativa entre la hipertensión y la obesidad y la circunferencia de la cintura. En el 100 por ciento de los pacientes que tenían asociados obesidad e hipertensión, se recogieron antecedentes familiares de enfermedad aterosclerótica antes de los 55 años. Conclusiones. Se identificó gran número de adolescentes con alteraciones del peso corporal y quedó demostrada una fuerte asociación entre la hipertensión arterial, la obesidad y la circunferencia de la cintura. La mayor parte de los adolescentes con factores de riesgo identificados presentaron antecedentes familiares de enfermedad aterosclerótica antes de los 55 años de edad.

Introduction. The aim of this paper is to identify atherogenic risk factors in adolescents from secondary basic school and to establish the relations between this variable and its variations according to age and sex. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 347 adolescents from Guido Fuentes secondary basic school corresponding to Héroes del Moncada polyclinic, Plaza de la Revolución. Data were registered in the primary data collection form of the Research and Reference Centre of Havana. Mensurations of weight, height, waist and hip circumference were made. The nutritional state was evaluated by percentiles of the body mass index and of the waist-hip index. The arterial pressure figures were classified according to the percentiles of arterial pressure adjusted by age, sex and height. Results. Nine percent of the adolescents presented figures of arterial pressure above the normal. There was a significant relation among hypertension, obesity and hip circumference. In 100 percent of the patients that had associated obesity and hypertension, it was found family history of atherosclerotic disease in individuals under 55 years old. Conclusions. Several adolescents with alterations of the body weight were identified, and the existence of a strong association among arterial hypertension, obesity and hip circumference was proved. Most of the adolescents with identified risk factors had family history of atherosclerotic disease before the age of 55.

Factores de riesgo aterogénico en adolescentes de secundaria básica / Atherogenic risk factors in adolescents from secondary basic school

Introducción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar factores de riesgo aterogénico, en adolescentes de secundaria básica, y establecer las relaciones entre esta variable y sus variaciones según edad y sexo. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal en una población de 347 adolescentes de la secundaria básica Guido Fuentes, del policlínico Héroes del Moncada (Plaza de la Revolución). Se registró los datos en el modelo de recolección del dato primario del Centro de Investigaciones y Referencias de la Habana (CIRAH). Se realizaron mensuraciones del peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura y de la cadera. Se evalúo el estado nutricional por percentiles de índice de masa corporal y el índice cintura-cadera por percentiles. Las cifras de tensión arterial se clasificaron de acuerdo con los percentiles de tensión arterial ajustados para edad, sexo y talla. Resultados. El 9 por ciento de los adolescentes presentó cifras de tensión arterial por encima de las normales. Hubo relación significativa entre la hipertensión y la obesidad y la circunferencia de la cintura. En el 100 por ciento de los pacientes que tenían asociados obesidad e hipertensión, se recogieron antecedentes familiares de enfermedad aterosclerótica antes de los 55 años. Conclusiones. Se identificó gran número de adolescentes con alteraciones del peso corporal y quedó demostrada una fuerte asociación entre la hipertensión arterial, la obesidad y la circunferencia de la cintura. La mayor parte de los adolescentes con factores de riesgo identificados presentaron antecedentes familiares de enfermedad aterosclerótica antes de los 55 años de edad(AU)

Introduction. The aim of this paper is to identify atherogenic risk factors in adolescents from secondary basic school and to establish the relations between this variable and its variations according to age and sex. Methods. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 347 adolescents from Guido Fuentes secondary basic school corresponding to Héroes del Moncada polyclinic, Plaza de la Revolución. Data were registered in the primary data collection form of the Research and Reference Centre of Havana. Mensurations of weight, height, waist and hip circumference were made. The nutritional state was evaluated by percentiles of the body mass index and of the waist-hip index. The arterial pressure figures were classified according to the percentiles of arterial pressure adjusted by age, sex and height. Results. Nine percent of the adolescents presented figures of arterial pressure above the normal. There was a significant relation among hypertension, obesity and hip circumference. In 100 percent of the patients that had associated obesity and hypertension, it was found family history of atherosclerotic disease in individuals under 55 years old. Conclusions. Several adolescents with alterations of the body weight were identified, and the existence of a strong association among arterial hypertension, obesity and hip circumference was proved. Most of the adolescents with identified risk factors had family history of atherosclerotic disease before the age of 55(AU)

Factores de riesgo aterogénico en la población de 19 a 39 años de 2 consultorios del médico de familia / Atherogenic risk factors in the population aged 19-39 years from two family physician´ offices

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de tipo transversal, en dos consultorios del médico de familia del Policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en el cual se estudiaron 98 adultos jóvenes de un total de 980 que constituían la población de 19 a 39 años de estos consultorios. Mediante entrevista con los pacientes, se estableció el peso, las medidas y tallas, para crear el índice de masa corporal. La tensión arterial se tomó en 3 ocasiones y se calculó la tensión arterial media, la cual se clasificó según lo establecido por la JNC-VII-2001, en normal y prehipertensos; la hipertensión en ligera, moderada y severa. Se tomaron muestras de sangre para determinar los valores de colesterol sérico, triglicéridos y HDL. Se indagó sobre el hábito de fumar. Las variables fueron dadas en porcentajes. En cada paciente se analizó el número de factores de riesgo y sus asociaciones. Los resultados más relevantes consistieron en que 58,3 por ciento presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, la mitad de los hipertensos detectados fueron casos nuevos, 51 por ciento de la población eran fumadores activos. En cuanto a las dislipidemias se detectó como más frecuente la hipertrigliceridemia con 37,8 por ciento y 30,85 presentó un índice aterogénico elevado.

A cross-sectional descriptive research study was made in two family physician offices from “Héroes del Moncada” polyclinics in which 98 young adults of a total number of 980 that constituted the 19-39 years from these two offices. Through survey administered to patients, variables like weight and sizes could be set in order to create a body mass index. Blood pressure was taken three times to estimate average blood pressure, which was classified according to JNC-VII-2001 as normal or prehypertensive whereas hypertension was classified as mild, moderate and severe. Blood samples served to determine serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipids. Smoking was also taken into consideration. The corresponding variables were given as percentages. The number of risk factors and their association was analyzed in each patient. The most relevant factors were 58,3 percent of cases with overweight or obesity, half of hypertensive persons were newly detected cases, 51 percent of the population was active smokers. Hypertriglyceridemia was the most common dislipidemia accounting for 37,8 percent and high atherogenic index was observed in 30,85percent of cases.

Factores de riesgo aterogénico en la población de 19 a 39 años de 2 consultorios del médico de familia / Atherogenic risk factors in the population aged 19-39 years from two family physician´ offices

Se realizó una investigación descriptiva de tipo transversal, en dos consultorios del médico de familia del Policlínico Héroes del Moncada, en el cual se estudiaron 98 adultos jóvenes de un total de 980 que constituían la población de 19 a 39 años de estos consultorios. Mediante entrevista con los pacientes, se estableció el peso, las medidas y tallas, para crear el índice de masa corporal. La tensión arterial se tomó en 3 ocasiones y se calculó la tensión arterial media, la cual se clasificó según lo establecido por la JNC-VII-2001, en normal y prehipertensos; la hipertensión en ligera, moderada y severa. Se tomaron muestras de sangre para determinar los valores de colesterol sérico, triglicéridos y HDL. Se indagó sobre el hábito de fumar. Las variables fueron dadas en porcentajes. En cada paciente se analizó el número de factores de riesgo y sus asociaciones. Los resultados más relevantes consistieron en que 58,3 por ciento presentó sobrepeso u obesidad, la mitad de los hipertensos detectados fueron casos nuevos, 51 por ciento de la población eran fumadores activos. En cuanto a las dislipidemias se detectó como más frecuente la hipertrigliceridemia con 37,8 por ciento y 30,85 presentó un índice aterogénico elevado(AU)

A cross-sectional descriptive research study was made in two family physician offices from “Héroes del Moncada” polyclinics in which 98 young adults of a total number of 980 that constituted the 19-39 years from these two offices. Through survey administered to patients, variables like weight and sizes could be set in order to create a body mass index. Blood pressure was taken three times to estimate average blood pressure, which was classified according to JNC-VII-2001 as normal or prehypertensive whereas hypertension was classified as mild, moderate and severe. Blood samples served to determine serum cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipids. Smoking was also taken into consideration. The corresponding variables were given as percentages. The number of risk factors and their association was analyzed in each patient. The most relevant factors were 58,3 percent of cases with overweight or obesity, half of hypertensive persons were newly detected cases, 51 percent of the population was active smokers. Hypertriglyceridemia was the most common dislipidemia accounting for 37,8 percent and high atherogenic index was observed in 30,85percent of cases(AU)

Hipertension, Hipernefroma y Embarazo: presentación de un caso / Hypertension, hypernephroma and pregnancy: a case presentation

Se presenta el caso de una gestante con antecedentes patológicos personales de hipertensión arterial leve y toxemia grave en su último embarazo y antecedentes patológicos familiares de hipertensión. En su última gestación en el año 1995 presentó toxemia grave y se le practicó una interrupción de su embarazo por el método de rivanol, a las 29 semanas de gestación. En un cuadro de hiperuricemia, oligoanuria, epigastralgia, hiperrreflexia y oligoamnios severo, se decidió la interrupción en beneficio materno. En el curso de la gestación actual de 12 semanas y como parte del estudio de las posibles etiologías de la hipertensión, se detectó en el examen físico una tumoración renal que fue confirmada por ultrasonografía como una tumoración sólida en el riñón izquierdo que ocupaba las dos terceras partes del mismo. Se decidió la interrupción de la gestación ante la sospecha de un hipernefroma. La TAC corroboró el diagnóstico. Se realizó nefrectomía izquierda; no se encontraron metástasis ganglionares y se confirmó el diagnóstico por anatomía patológica. Actualmente el seguimiento ultrasónico hepático y ganglionar no reflejan recidivas de la enfermedad

Hipertension, Hipernefroma y Embarazo: presentación de un caso / Hypertension, hypernephroma and pregnancy: a case presentation

Se presenta el caso de una gestante con antecedentes patológicos personales de hipertensión arterial leve y toxemia grave en su último embarazo y antecedentes patológicos familiares de hipertensión. En su última gestación en el año 1995 presentó toxemia grave y se le practicó una interrupción de su embarazo por el método de rivanol, a las 29 semanas de gestación. En un cuadro de hiperuricemia, oligoanuria, epigastralgia, hiperrreflexia y oligoamnios severo, se decidió la interrupción en beneficio materno. En el curso de la gestación actual de 12 semanas y como parte del estudio de las posibles etiologías de la hipertensión, se detectó en el examen físico una tumoración renal que fue confirmada por ultrasonografía como una tumoración sólida en el riñón izquierdo que ocupaba las dos terceras partes del mismo. Se decidió la interrupción de la gestación ante la sospecha de un hipernefroma. La TAC corroboró el diagnóstico. Se realizó nefrectomía izquierda; no se encontraron metástasis ganglionares y se confirmó el diagnóstico por anatomía patológica. Actualmente el seguimiento ultrasónico hepático y ganglionar no reflejan recidivas de la enfermedad(AU)

Factores de riesgo aterogénico en una población de adultos mayores / Atherogenic risk factors in an elderly population

La aterosclerosis constituye la primera causa de muerte y también de morbilidad en ingresos hospitalarios en el ámbito mundial donde las infecciones no ocupan este lugar tan preponderante. En Cuba, sus más frecuentes y dañinas consecuencias orgánicas constituyen también la primera causa de muerte. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en 108 adultos mayores de un total de 427 pacientes de ambos sexos durante el año 2003 para identificar factores de riesgo aterogénicos. Se utilizó el modelo de recolección del dato primario para obtener información sobre la edad, peso al nacer, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, consumo de cigarrillos, tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica, concentración del colesterol del suero y de su fracción de alta densidad y el grado de actividad física. Se encontró que el 26,9(por ciento) de la muestra eran fumadores activos, el 33,3(por ciento) tenían sobrepeso, el 15,7 eran obesos, el 81,4, hipertensos y de ellos el 50(por ciento) eran pacientes nuevos. Un alto porcentaje no practicaba ejercicios físicos. Se apreció que 78 pacientes tenían hipercolesterolemia y en 46, la concentración de la lipoproteína de alta densidad estaba disminuida. En la población de adultos mayores estudiada se identificaron, en porcentajes apreciables, factores de riesgo aterogénicos que pueden ser modificados en aras de tener una mejor salud y calidad de vida(AU)

Factores de riesgo aterogénico en una población de adultos mayores / Atherogenic risk factors in an elderly population

La aterosclerosis constituye la primera causa de muerte y también de morbilidad en ingresos hospitalarios en el ámbito mundial donde las infecciones no ocupan este lugar tan preponderante. En Cuba, sus más frecuentes y dañinas consecuencias orgánicas constituyen también la primera causa de muerte. Se realizó una investigación descriptiva en 108 adultos mayores de un total de 427 pacientes de ambos sexos durante el año 2003 para identificar factores de riesgo aterogénicos. Se utilizó el modelo de recolección del dato primario para obtener información sobre la edad, peso al nacer, antecedentes patológicos personales y familiares, consumo de cigarrillos, tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica, concentración del colesterol del suero y de su fracción de alta densidad y el grado de actividad física. Se encontró que el 26,9 por ciento de la muestra eran fumadores activos, el 33,3 por ciento tenían sobrepeso, el 15,7 eran obesos, el 81,4, hipertensos y de ellos el 50 por ciento eran pacientes nuevos. Un alto porcentaje no practicaba ejercicios físicos. Se apreció que 78 pacientes tenían hipercolesterolemia y en 46, la concentración de la lipoproteína de alta densidad estaba disminuida. En la población de adultos mayores estudiada se identificaron, en porcentajes apreciables, factores de riesgo aterogénicos que pueden ser modificados en aras de tener una mejor salud y calidad de vida(AU)

The aterosclerosis constitutes the first cause of death and also of morbilidad in hospital revenues in the world environment where the infections don't occupy this place so preponderant. In Cuba, their most frequent and harmful organic consequences also constitute the first cause of death. He/she was carried out a descriptive investigation in 108 adults bigger than a total of 427 patients of both sexes during the year 2003 to identify factors of risk aterogénicos. The pattern of gathering of the primary fact was used to obtain information on the age, weight when being born, personal and family pathological antecedents, consumption of cigarettes, systolic arterial tension and diastólica, concentration of the cholesterol of the serum and of its fraction of high density and the degree of physical activity. It was found that 26,9 percent of the sample was smoking active, 33,3 percent had overweight, the 15,7 were obese, the 81,4, hipertensos and of them 50 percent was patient new. A high percentage didn't practice physical exercises. It was appreciated that 78 patients had hipercolesterolemia and in 46, the concentration of the lipoproteína of high density was diminished. In the studied bigger population of adults they were identified, in appreciable percentages, factors of risk aterogénicos that can be modified for the sake of having a better health and quality of life(AU)