Correction: Development and characterization of three-dimensional antibacterial nanocomposite sponges of chitosan, silver nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D4RA04274C.].

A spectroscopic analysis code for spatially resolved x-ray absorption data from the COAX platform.

Sophisticated tools such as computer vision techniques in combination with 1D lineout type analyses have been used in automating the analysis of spectral data for high energy density (HED) plasmas. Standardized automation can solve the problems posed by the complexity of HED spectra and the quantity of data. We present a spectroscopic code written for automated and streamlined analysis of spatially resolved x-ray absorption data from the COAX platform on Omega-60. COAX uses radiographs and spectroscopic diagnostics to provide shock position and density information. We also obtain the more novel spectral-derived spatial profile of the supersonic radiation flow into a low-density foam. Considerable effort has been spent modernizing our previous spectroscopic analysis method, including the development of new tools characterized by a faster runtime and minimal user input to reduce bias and a testing suite for verifying the accuracy of the various functions within the code. The new code analyzes our spectroscopic images in 1-2 min, with added uncertainty and confidence.

Development and characterization of three-dimensional antibacterial nanocomposite sponges of chitosan, silver nanoparticles and halloysite nanotubes.

In this work, we developed novel nanocomposite three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds composed of chitosan (CTS), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with enhanced antimicrobial activity and fibroblast cell compatibility for their potential use in wound dressing applications. A stock CTS-HNT solution was obtained by mixing water-dispersed HNTs with CTS aqueous-acid solution, and then, AgNPs, in different concentrations, were synthesized in the CTS-HNT solution via a CTS-mediated in situ reduction method. Finally, freeze-gelation was used to obtain CTS-HNT-AgNP 3D porous scaffolds (sponges). Morphology analysis showed that synthesized AgNPs were spherical with an average diameter of 11 nm. HNTs' presence did not affect the AgNPs morphology or size but improved the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, where CTS-HNT sponges exhibited a 5 times larger compression stress than bare-CTS sponges. AgNPs in the scaffolds further increased their mechanical strength in correlation to the AgNP concentration, and conferred them improved antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, inhibiting the planktonic proliferation and adhesion of bacteria in a AgNP concentration depending on manner. In vitro cell viability and immunofluorescence assays exhibited that human fibroblast (HF) culture was supported by the sponges, where HF retained their phenotype upon culture on the sponges. Present CTS-HNT-AgNP sponges showed promising mechanical, antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties to be used as potential scaffolds for wound dressing applications.

Enantiospecificity in NMR enabled by chirality-induced spin selectivity.

Spin polarization in chiral molecules is a magnetic molecular response associated with electron transport and enantioselective bond polarization that occurs even in the absence of an external magnetic field. An unexpected finding by Santos and co-workers reported enantiospecific NMR responses in solid-state cross-polarization (CP) experiments, suggesting a possible additional contribution to the indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling in chiral molecules induced by bond polarization in the presence of spin-orbit coupling. Herein we provide a theoretical treatment for this phenomenon, presenting an effective spin-Hamiltonian for helical molecules like DNA and density functional theory (DFT) results on amino acids that confirm the dependence of J-couplings on the choice of enantiomer. The connection between nuclear spin dynamics and chirality could offer insights for molecular sensing and quantum information sciences. These results establish NMR as a potential tool for chiral discrimination without external agents.

Directed brain interactions over time: A resting-state EEG comparison between schizophrenia and healthy individuals.

Understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia (SZ) is one of the challenges of neuroscience. Many anatomical and functional studies have pointed to problems in brain connectivity in SZ individuals. However, little is known about the relationships between specific brain regions and impairments in brain connectivity in SZ individuals. Herein we propose a new approach using time-varying graphs and the motif synchronization method to build dynamic brain functional networks (BFNs). Dynamic BFNs were constructed from resting-state electroencephalography (rs-EEG) of 14 schizophrenia (SZ) individuals and 14 healthy controls (HCs). BFNs were evaluated based on the percentage of synchronization importance between a pair of regions (considering external and internal interactions) over time. We found differences in the directed interaction between brain regions in SZ individuals compared to the control group. Our method revealed low bilaterally directed interactions between the temporal lobes in SZ individuals compared to HCs, indicating a potential link between altered brain connectivity and the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. From a clinical perspective, these results shed light on developing new therapeutic approaches targeting these specific neural interactions that are altered in individuals with SZ. This knowledge allows the application of better interventions focused on restoring or compensating for interrupted connectivity patterns.

Study of Risk Factors for the Presence of Interdigital Nevi of the Feet. / Estudio de los factores de riesgo de la presencia de los nevus interdigitales de los pies.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: No studies focused on counting the interdigital acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) of the foot (IDNf) have ever been conducted. Therefore, our objective was to study the relationship between the presence of IDNf and the total number of AMN in the feet and the rest of the body, the racial phenotypic characteristics, and other risk factors for melanoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study with 255 patients ≥18 years old who attended our Dermatology Unit from September 2020 through February 2021, and included all AMN ≥1mm from the feet and ≥2mm from the rest of the bod. The association between the variables was studied using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS: The presence of IDNf was significantly and independently associated with the presence of plantar AMN and body counts ≥50 AMN. However, no significant differences were observed regarding sex, age, personal history of melanoma, presence of nevi on the dorsum of the foot, history of sunburn or UV rays, or racial phenotypic characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of IDNf is associated with a higher count of plantar nevi and total AMN in the body, meaning that interdigital spaces of the foot-anatomical expansions of the sole and other possibly genetic causes-could be responsible for the number of AMN found in this location, as these regions are not photoexposed.

Intervenciones farmacéuticas en usuarios de benzodiacepinas durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Pharmaceutical interventions in benzodiazepine users during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introducción: la Intervención Farmacéutica busca optimizar y racionalizar el uso, la efectividad y la seguridad de los medicamentos dispensados resolviendo problemas relacionados con el medicamento (PRM) y resultados negativos asociados a la medicación (RNM).Objetivo: evaluar las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas realizadas a usuarios de benzodiacepinas durante la pandemia COVID-19 desde una Farmacia Comunitaria.Método: estudio prospectivo observacional, descriptivo y transversal (código AEMPS: DAA-CLO-2020-01) de las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas llevadas a cabo por una farmacia comunitaria tinerfeña entre agosto 2020 y febrero 2021.Resultados: un total de 306 Intervenciones Farmacéuticas fueron realizadas sobre 127 pacientes. La educación sanitaria y la información personalizada sobre el medicamento fueron las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas mayoritarias tras detectar entre los pacientes un alto grado de desconocimiento sobre las benzodiacepinas usadas. Las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas que se acompañan de derivación al médico alcanzan el 37,8 % tras detectar PRM y/o RNM o identificar al paciente como candidato para deprescripción. Estas derivaciones incluyen a los pacientes con un estado de depresión muy alto según el test Euroqol 5D-3L. La Intervención Farmacéutica con derivación al Servicio de Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico se realiza en el 3,1 % de los pacientes. El grado de aceptación de la Intervención Farmacéutica por parte de los pacientes alcanza el 98,4 %.Conclusiones: el alto porcentaje de aceptación de las Intervenciones Farmacéuticas refuerza el valor de la Farmacia Comunitaria en la optimización y racionalización del uso de benzodiacepinas y fortalece el vínculo farmacéutico-paciente. La pandemia COVID-19 dificultó la colaboración farmacéutico-médico, a pesar de la existencia de protocolos telemáticos de comunicación entre sanitarios.(AU)

Bocconia frutescens L. induces neurological defects in rat offspring.

Nearly 80% of the world's population trusts traditional medicine and plant-based drug compounds to improve health, and more than 50% of women who participated in a study have used herbal remedies during pregnancy. Bocconia frutescens L. is a plant native to tropical America, where infusion of its leaves has been widely used for the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders. We have already shown that orogastric consumption of B. frutescens L. during the organogenesis period at concentrations equivalent to human consumption produces teratogenic effects in rats, but effects on progeny development have not yet been studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association between the consumption of B. frutescens L. at a dose equivalent to that consumed by humans and the neurological development of rat progeny. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered lyophilized B. frutescens L. extract at 300 mg/kg/day or vehicle via the orogastric route during the organogenesis period (gestation days 7-13). The physical development and sensory and motor maturation of their offspring during lactation were analyzed with a battery of reflex and physical tests. B. frutescens L. produced a significant delay in physical development and sensorimotor maturation, compared to the control group. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis showed signals for both flavonoids and alkaloids in the B. frutescens L. extract. We conclude that the delay in physical and neurological development could be interpreted as alterations in the maturation of some neuronal circuitries induced by B. frutescens L.

Topical and Intralesional Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Literature Review. / [Artículo traducido] Tratamientos tópicos e intralesionales en hidradenitis supurativa. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Topical and intralesional (IL) treatments may be considered the first-line therapy in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); however, the evidence supporting their use is limited. The aim of our review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of topical and IL treatments in patients with HS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a systematic review of the current medical literature available following the PICO(T) method. And including all types of studies (Study type [T]) of individuals with HS of any sex, age, and ethnicity (Population [P]) who received any topical or IL treatment for HS (Intervention [I]) compared to placebo, other treatments, or no treatment at all (Comparator [C]), and reported efficacy and/or safety outcomes (Outcomes [O]). Two outcomes were defined: quality of life and the no. of patients with, at least, one adverse event. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase databases; study selection was performed based on pre-defined criteria. The risk of bias was determined in each study. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 11,363 references, 31 of which met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 1143 patients with HS, 62% of whom were women. A total of 10, 8, 6, 2, and 5 studies, respectively, evaluated the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), glucocorticoids, resorcinol, topical antibiotics, and other interventions. Most articles were case series (n=25), with only five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and one cohort study. RCTs showed improvement in disease activity with topical clindamycin and botulinum toxin (BTX) vs placebo, and PDT with methylene blue (MB) niosomal vs free MB; however, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide was not superior to placebo. The risk of bias was low in three RCTs and high in two RCTs. CONCLUSION: The quality of evidence supporting the use of topical, or IL treatments is low. However, it supports the use of topical clindamycin, PDT, and BTX. Well-designed RCTs with standardized outcomes and homogeneous populations of patients and lesions are needed to support decision-making in the routine clinical practice.

Impact of a Community Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Follow-up (PTF) service in patients using opioid analgesic.

The use of prescribed major opioid analgesics (fentanyl, tapentadol, morphine and oxycodone and combinations) for non-cancer chronic pain is fraught with risks that may generate Negative Medicine Outcomes (NMO). Among the factors associated with these risks, those related to the patient's characteristics and aberrant behavior, the treatment conditions, and the prescription health settings should be evaluated with the aim of minimizing unsafety during the health care process. The present study addresses, from a community pharmacy, the analysis of Drug Related Problems (DRP) and Negative Medicine Outcomes (NMO) in patients using these major opioid analgesics while it aims to demonstrate the role of pharmaceutical care interventions in promoting safety during the use of these molecules. A three step Pharmacotherapeutic Follow-up (PFT) protocol was designed to prevent, detect, and solve DRP and NMO associated with the use of opioid analgesics. 74.6% of the patients used opioid analgesics to treat musculoskeletal pain. Polypharmacy with benzodiazepines (61.9%); antidepressants (57.1%) and antiepileptics (30.2%) was detected in patients using these opioids. The Morisky-Green Adherence test revealed that 30.2% were nonadherent. It was observed, with statistical significance, that in all patients (63), the impact of the 14-week PFT supervised by the community pharmacist achieved an overall reduction in the prevalence of DRP and NMO. While the reduction in the number of DRPs reached 66.7%. Community pharmacies are a strategic point to promote and implement effective opioid stewardship due to both their central role in healthcare services and frequent interaction with patients.

Predictors of first-year postoperative complications after fixation of low-energy ankle fractures: A single-center, retrospective cohort study of 663 consecutive fractures. / [Artículo traducido] Predictores de las complicaciones postoperatorias en el primer año tras la fijación de fracturas de tobillo de baja energía. Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo sobre 663 fracturas intervenidas consecutivamente en un único centro.

INTRODUCTION: Rotational ankle fractures are common, have diverse personalities and affect both robust and fragile patients. Postoperative complications are frequent, creating a sizeable economic burden. The primary purpose of this study was to expand current knowledge on predictors of postoperative complications after low-energy ankle fracture fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study was completed of patients undergoing internal fixation OF low-energy ankle fractures. The primary outcome was first-year postoperative complications, classified as major (surgical) or minor (non-surgical). Data on patients, their injuries, and treatments were collected. To identify potential predictors of outcomes, logistic regression methods were used, with a backward-stepwise method used for model fitting. RESULTS: In total, 663 patients of median age 59 years were analysed. We found a high rate of complications (28.4%), with wound-healing issues and infections predominant. Overall, 14.8% had minor complications, while 13.6% required an unplanned reoperation. On multivariable analysis, the most consistent predictors of complications were older age (OR: 1.02 per year), longer operating time (3.32 per hour), and smoking (2.91). CONCLUSIONS: Older patients and smokers who sustain fractures requiring more complex surgery are at higher risk of postoperative complications.

Sexual experiences and knowledge of people with moderate intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: This study addresses the sexuality of people with moderate intellectual disabilities (PMID), a topic that has been little studied. Understanding romantic and sexual experiences is highly relevant for reducing stigma and prejudice related to their sexuality. Additionally, comprehending the level of sexual knowledge of PMID contributes to the development of preventive and sexual health education programmes tailored for this group. Our aim is to explore the sexual history (relationships, sexual behaviour, condom use and sexual abuse), sex education received and the level of sexual knowledge of PMID. METHOD: The total of 142 PMID completed questionnaires about sexual knowledge and experiences, and their support staff provided additional information. Data were analysed using chi-square test (χ2) and descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: Masturbation was the most common sexual behaviour (75.7%), especially among men (χ2 = 5.81, P < 0.05). Sexual intercourse was rare, and only 30.5% reported using condoms. Women reported a higher prevalence of self-reported sexual abuse (27.3% vs. 6% in men). The study also highlighted misconceptions about sexual intercourse risks and contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that PMID need sexual education to ensure healthy sexual experiences and prevent risky behaviour.

Functional and structural characterisation of RimL from Bacillus cereus, a new Nα-acetyltransferase of ribosomal proteins that was wrongly assigned as an aminoglycosyltransferase.

Enzymes of the GNAT (GCN5-relate N-acetyltransferases) superfamily are important regulators of cell growth and development. They are functionally diverse and share low amino acid sequence identity, making functional annotation difficult. In this study, we report the function and structure of a new ribosomal enzyme, Nα-acetyl transferase from Bacillus cereus (RimLBC), a protein that was previously wrongly annotated as an aminoglycosyltransferase. Firstly, extensive comparative amino acid sequence analyses suggested RimLBC belongs to a cluster of proteins mediating acetylation of the ribosomal protein L7/L12. To assess if this was the case, several well established substrates of aminoglycosyltransferases were screened. The results of these studies did not support an aminoglycoside acetylating function for RimLBC. To gain further insight into RimLBC biological role, a series of studies that included MALDI-TOF, isothermal titration calorimetry, NMR, X-ray protein crystallography, and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed RimLBC affinity for Acetyl-CoA and that the ribosomal protein L7/L12 is a substrate of RimLBC. Last, we advance a mechanistic model of RimLBC mode of recognition of its protein substrates. Taken together, our studies confirmed RimLBC as a new ribosomal Nα-acetyltransferase and provide structural and functional insights into substrate recognition by Nα-acetyltransferases and protein acetylation in bacteria.

Madagascar's burned area from Sentinel-2 imagery (2016-2022): Four times higher than from lower resolution sensors.

Madagascar is one of the most burned regions in the world, to the point that it has been called the 'Isle of fire' or the 'Burning Island'. An accurate characterization of the burned area (BA) is crucial for understanding the true situation and impacts of fires on this island, where there is an active scientific debate on how fire affects multiple environmental and socioeconomic aspects, and how fire regimes should be in a complex context with differing interests. Despite this, recent advances have revealed that BA in Madagascar is poorly characterised by the currently available global BA products. In this work, we present, validate, and explore a BA database at 20 m spatial resolution for Madagascar covering the period 2016-2022. The database was built based on 75,010 Sentinel-2 images using a two-phase BA detection algorithm. The validation with independent long-term reference units showed Dice coefficients ≥79 %, omission errors ≤24 %, commission errors ≤18 %, and a relative bias ≥ - 8 %. An intercomparison with other available global BA products (GABAM, FireCCI51, C3SBA11, or MCD64) demonstrated that our product (i) exhibits temporal consistency, (ii) represents a significant accuracy improvement, as it reduces BA underestimations by about eightfold, (iii) yields BA estimates four times higher, and (iv) shows enhanced capability in detecting fires of all sizes. The observed BA spatial patterns were heterogeneous across the island, with 32 % of the grasslands burning annually, in contrast to other land cover types such as the dense tropical forest where <2 % burned every year. We conclude that the BA characterization in Madagascar must be addressed using imagery at spatial resolution higher than MODIS or Sentinel-3 (≥250 m), and temporal resolution higher than Landsat (16 days) to deal with cloudiness, the rapid attenuation of burn scars signals, and small fire patches.

Topical and Intralesional Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Literature Review.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Topical and intralesional (IL) treatments may be considered the first-line therapy in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS); however, the evidence supporting their use is limited. The aim of our review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of topical and IL treatments in patients with HS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed a systematic review of the current medical literature available following the PICO(T) method. And including all types of studies (Study type [T]) of individuals with HS of any sex, age, and ethnicity (Population [P]) who received any topical or IL treatment for HS (Intervention [I]) compared to placebo, other treatments, or no treatment at all (Comparator [C]), and reported efficacy and/or safety outcomes (Outcomes [O]). Two outcomes were defined: quality of life and the no. of patients with, at least, one adverse event. The search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases; study selection was performed based on pre-defined criteria. The risk of bias was determined in each study. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 11,363 references, 31 of which met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 1143 patients with HS, 62% of whom were women. A total of 10, 8, 6, 2, and 5 studies, respectively, evaluated the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), glucocorticoids, resorcinol, topical antibiotics, and other interventions. Most articles were case series (n=25), with only five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and one cohort study. RCTs showed improvement in disease activity with topical clindamycin and botulinum toxin (BTX) vs placebo, and PDT with methylene blue (MB) niosomal vs free MB; however, intralesional triamcinolone acetonide was not superior to placebo. The risk of bias was low in three RCTs and high in two RCTs. CONCLUSION: The quality of evidence supporting the use of topical, or IL treatments is low. However, it supports the use of topical clindamycin, PDT, and BTX. Well-designed RCTs with standardized outcomes and homogeneous populations of patients and lesions are needed to support decision-making in the routine clinical practice.

Predictors of first-year postoperative complications after fixation of low-energy ankle fractures: A single-center, retrospective cohort study of 663 consecutive fractures.

INTRODUCTION: Rotational ankle fractures are common, have diverse personalities and affect both robust and fragile patients. Postoperative complications are frequent, creating a sizeable economic burden. The primary purpose of this study was to expand current knowledge on predictors of postoperative complications after low-energy ankle fracture fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center cohort study was completed of patients undergoing internal fixation OF low-energy ankle fractures. The primary outcome was first-year postoperative complications, classified as major (surgical) or minor (non-surgical). Data on patients, their injuries, and treatments were collected. To identify potential predictors of outcomes, logistic regression methods were used, with a backward-stepwise method used for model fitting. RESULTS: In total, 663 patients of median age 59 years were analyzed. We found a high rate of complications (28.4%), with wound-healing issues and infections predominant. Overall, 14.8% had minor complications, while 13.6% required an unplanned reoperation. On multivariable analysis, the most consistent predictors of complications were older age (OR=1.02 per year), longer operating time (3.32 per hour), and smoking (2.91). CONCLUSIONS: Older patients and smokers who sustain fractures requiring more complex surgery are at higher risk of postoperative complications.

Five-year airborne pollen calendar for a Sonoran Desert city and the relationships with meteorological variability.

Aerobiological studies are still scarce in northwestern Mexico where allergenic pollen have great impacts on health. Current global pollution and climate change problems are closely related to many allergic diseases, enhancing the need to continue researching these issues and improve life quality. This study provides the first Pollen Calendar for Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Airborne pollen were continuously collected for 5 years (2015-2019). The standardized methodology with a Hirst-type spore trap proposed for global aerobiological studies was used. Weather data were also taken from a station located in the city and used to explore correlations between climate and airborne pollen concentrations in different seasons. The most important pollen taxa recorded in air belongs to herbaceous pollen, such as Poaceae, Ambrosia, Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae, and some shrub trees typical of this arid region, such as Nyctaginaceae, Prosopis, Parkinsonia, and Fabaceae. The most critical herbaceous pollen related to allergies have a long mean pollen season throughout the years, and the most critical periods with high pollen concentration in air occur in two seasons, spring (March-April) and summer-fall (August-October). In these 5 years, the correlation analyses for these two peaks indicate that a link exists between pollen in the air and decreases in precipitation and temperatures, and an increase in relative humidity. An inter-annual variability in pollen concentrations was recorded related to different weather conditions. Although pollen calendars are location-specific, they are useful for future research on biological air quality scenarios in different cities. Using this standardized method for other regions can provide pollen calendars that have been proven clinically important in allergic disease management worldwide.

Isolation, characterization, and experimental infection of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus from commercial turkeys with acute septicemia: a pilot study.

Streptococcus gallolyticus (SG) is a Gram-positive cocci found as commensal gut flora in animals and humans. SG has emerged as a cause of disease in young poults between 1 and 3 wk of age. SG is associated with septicemia resulting in acute mortality with no premonitory signs in turkeys. Three SG isolates were obtained from clinical field cases of acute septicemia of commercial turkeys and used in three independent experiments. In Experiment 1, embryos were inoculated 25 d of embryogenesis with varying concentrations of SG1, SG2, or SG3. In Experiment 2, day of hatch, poults were inoculated with varying concentrations using different routes of administration of SG1, SG2, or SG3. In Experiment 3, day of hatch, poults were inoculated with only isolate SG1 using different paths. Poults were randomly selected for necropsy on d 8 and d 15 and sampled to collect spleen, heart, and liver for SG on d 21, the remaining poults were necropsied and cultured. Samples were plated on Columbia nalidixic acid and colistin agar (CNA) (40°C, 18-24 h). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) confirmed suspect colonies. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test of independence, testing all possible combinations to determine significance (P < 0.05). Weight data were subjected to ANOVA using JMP with significance (P < 0.05). No differences were found in BW or BWG on d 0, 8, 15, or 22. Splenomegaly, focal heart necrosis, and pericarditis were observed in all groups in experiments 1 through 3. In Experiment 3, only airsacculitis was observed in a negative control in separate isolation (P > 0.05). On d 21 of Experiment 3, increased (P < 0.05) recovery of SG from spleens were observed in co-housed negative controls, as well as poults challenged by oral gavage (P > 0.05 for d 7 and d 14). These results confirm numerous previous studies indicating that SG subsp. pasteurianus is a primary infectious microorganism that causes septicemia in young poults.

Ángulo crítico del hombro como predictor de severidad en las lesiones del manguito rotador / Critical shoulder angle as a predictor of severity in rotator cuff injuries

Resumen: Introducción: es bien conocida la conexión existente entre un ángulo crítico del hombro (ACH) mayor a 35o y las lesiones del manguito rotador (LMR). Sin embargo, se desconoce si existe una asociación entre los valores más elevados de ACH y la presencia de LMR de mayor severidad. Material y métodos: estudio de corte transversal, descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo y analítico, en el que a los pacientes con LMR se les evaluó por imagen el ACH y mediante artroscopía el grado de lesión. Se formaron cuatro grupos (sin lesión; lesión parcial; lesión completa; lesión masiva) y se compararon mediante la estadística paramétrica ANOVA. Se estudió la asociación entre LMR y ACH por medio del coeficiente rho de Spearman. Resultados: se estudiaron 71 pacientes, 15 sin LMR (ACH de 34.13 ± 0.98), 17 con lesión parcial (ACH de 36.00 ± 1.15), 22 con lesión completa (ACH de 40.77 ± 0.69) y 17 con lesión masiva (ACH de 41.53 ± 0.68). No se encontró diferencia significativa entre el ACH de los grupos sin lesión y lesión parcial (p = 0.486; 35o), pero sí existió diferencia entre los grupos de lesión completa y lesión masiva (p = 0.000 y p = 0.001; 35o). Se encontró una asociación positiva significativa entre ACH y LMR (rho = 0.605, p = 0.000). Conclusiones: un ACH por arriba de 35o se asocia con LMR de tipo completas y masivas y funciona como factor predictivo de severidad para estas lesiones.

Abstract: Introduction: the connection between a critical shoulder angle (CSA) greater than 35o and the presence rotator cuff tears (RCT) is well known. However, it remains unidentified if there is an association between a higher CSA value and the presence of more severity RCT. Material and methods: cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, prospective and analytical study in which patients with RCT had their CSA evaluated by imaging and the degree of the RCT by arthroscopy. Four groups were formed (without lesion; partial lesion; complete lesion; massive lesion) and were compared using ANOVA parametric statistics. The association between RCT and CSA was studied by rho Spearman coefficient. Results: 71 patients were studied, 15 without RCT (CSA of 34.13 ± 0.98), 17 with partial lesion (CSA of 36.00 ± 1.15), 22 with complete lesion (CSA of 40.77 ± 0.69) and 17 with massive lesion (CSA of 41.53 ± 0.68). No significant statistical difference was found between the CSA of the groups without lesion and partial lesion (p = 0.486; 35o) but there was a difference between the groups with complete and massive lesion (p = 0.000 and p = 0.001; 35o). A significant positive association was found between CSA and RCT (rho = 0.605, p = 0.000). Conclusions: an CSA above 35o is associated to complete and massive RCT and it works as a predictor of severity for these lesions.