Análisis de riesgos de la brucelosis en el estado de Tlaxcala / Risk analysis of brucelosis in the state of Tlaxcala

Objetivo. Identificar los riesgos de la brucelosis en el estado de Tlaxcala, México. Material y métodos. Se realizó un diagnóstico de tipo social en los municipios de Huamantla, Ixtenco y Teacalco, localizadas en la región oriente del estado. Se determinó la seroprevalencia de brucelosis en cabras y humanos. Resultados. El 46.9% de productores conoce los programas de la vacunación contra brucelosis; 19.7% aplica vacuna y 80.3% no aplica vacuna. Huamantla presentó la mayor seroprevalencia de brucelosis animal en 66.8 por ciento. San José Teacalco distribuye y comercializa quesos no pasteurizados en una distancia mayor de 270 km, lo que amplía los riesgos de contagio por brucelosis. Ixtenco registró la mayor prevalencia de brucelosis en humanos con 1.51 por ciento. Conclusión. Los municipios estudiados presentan riesgos de contagio y propagación de la brucelosis.

Objective. To identify the risk of brucellosis in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Materials and methods. A diagnosis of social type was conducted in the municipalities of Huamantla, Ixtenco and Teacalco, located in the eastern region of the state. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and humans was determined. Results. 46.9% of producers know the programs of vaccination against brucellosis; 19.7% apply the vaccine and 80.3% do not apply the vaccine. Huamantla had the highest seroprevalence of animal brucellosis in 66.8%; San Jose Teacalco distributes unpasteurized cheeses to a distance of 270 km, increasing the risk of infection with brucellosis. Ixtenco recorded the highest prevalence of brucellosis in humans, with 1.51%. Conclusion. The municipalities studied present risks of infection and spread of brucellosis.

[Risk analysis of brucelosis in the state of Tlaxcala]. / Análisis de riesgos de la brucelosis en el estado de Tlaxcala.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk of brucellosis in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A diagnosis of social type was conducted in the municipalities of Huamantla, Ixtenco and Teacalco, located in the eastern region of the state. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats and humans was determined. RESULTS: 46.9% of producers know the programs of vaccination against brucellosis; 19.7% apply the vaccine and 80.3% do not apply the vaccine. Huamantla had the highest seroprevalence of animal brucellosis in 66.8%; San Jose Teacalco distributes unpasteurized cheeses to a distance of 270 km, increasing the risk of infection with brucellosis. Ixtenco recorded the highest prevalence of brucellosis in humans, with 1.51%. CONCLUSION: The municipalities studied present risks of infection and spread of brucellosis.

[Johnson and Toshach method utility for calculating fetal weight in term pregnancies within a second level hospital]. / Utilidad del método de Johnson y Toshach para calcular el peso fetal en embarazos de término en un hospital de segundo nivel.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of the Johnson and Toshach's method to calculate the fetal weight before the birth in patients with term pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A longitudinal, transversal and prospective study was done to analyze 244 patients between 37 to 41.6 weeks pregnancy, they were physically examinated and questionated, the body mass index was calculated and Johnson & Toshach method was used to calculate the fetal weight. The calculated weights with the formula were compared with the fetal weights measured at birth with t-Student's test to determine if significative difference exists (p < 0.05) between the medias of both groups. The data were classified in five categories according to the gestational age and the weights were compared using the Tukey's test to compare the statistic medias (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The category of the 39 to 39.9 gestational weeks of the study group is accounted for 29.5%, the calculated weight's media with the Johnson & Toshach method was of 3,292.88 g while the media of the real weights was of 3,273.13 g. There wasn not significative statistic difference between both groups with a variation of +/- 126 g. There is a correlation of 0.940 between the calculated weight and the real weight. The media of the weights calculated in the macrosomic products was of 4,252.5 g, and the media of the real weights was of 4,293.86 g, there is not significant statistic difference (p = 0.59). According to the gestational age, there was not significant difference. The 9.01% of the cases is represented by the macrosomic products (22) whose were obese in 77%. CONCLUSIONS: The Johnson and Toshach method is useful with a 95% confiability because there was not significant difference between the fetal weight measured and the weigth estimated by the formula, it is a non invasive method, of easy application that permits to detect fetal macrosomia with a variation of +/- 126 g (limit of variation stablished in the original technique is of +/- 240 g). We consider that the formula is useful to detect macrosomic products.