Factores de riesgo como pronóstico de padecer cáncer de mama en un estado de México / Risk factors in the development of breast cancer, state of Mexico

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es una de las patología más frecuentes de la mujer y con gran impacto en la sociedad. Los factores de riesgo más estudiados han sido los hormonales, los genéticos y los ambientales, aunque también los hábitos tóxicos, el sobrepeso y la obesidad; como factores protectores, por el contrario, la lactancia materna y la actividad física. Objetivo: Conocer los factores de riesgo de las mujeres con cáncer de mama en nuestro grupo de estudio. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en 115 mujeres diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama y en 115 mujeres sanas que acudieron al centro Oncológico de ISSEMyM en el periodo enero-diciembre del año 2011. Se recogieron datos sobre la historia familiar de cáncer, de los antecedentes personales, así como de los estilos de vida y de la determinación del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC). El riesgo fue estimado con modelos multivariados de regresión logística y chi cuadrada. Resultados: Se encontró un riesgo mayor de padecer cáncer de mama a las mujeres con sobrepeso y obesidad, que no desarrollaban ejercicio alguno y con un menor índice de lactancia materna. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el cáncer de mama y los hábitos tóxicos. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, el cáncer de mama se relaciona con el sobrepeso, la obesidad y la inactividad física. La lactancia materna, practicada durante los primeros meses de vida del bebé, se manifestó como un factor protector de padecer esta enfermedad (AU)

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women today, and its social impact is devastating. The risk factors focused on in recent research are mainly hormonal, genetic, and environmental though toxic habits, overweight, and obesity have also been studied. In contrast, protective factors against breast cancer include breastfeeding and daily exercise. Objective: To ascertain the risk factors for the women with breast cancer in our study sample. Material and methods: A study of cases and controls was performed on 115 women diagnosed with breast cancer and on 115 healthy women, who had been patients at the National Cancer Institute ISSEMYM in Mexico from January to December 2011. Information was collected from the women in the sample pertaining to their family history of cancer, personal background, life style, and body mass index (BMI). Breast cancer risk was estimated with multivariate logistic regression models and the chi-square test. Results: It was found that there was a greater risk of breast cancer in overweight or obese women who did not do any physical exercise and either who had breastfed their children for a very short time or who had not breastfed them at all. No significant differences were found between breast cancer and toxic habits. Conclusions: The results of our study found a direct relation between breast cancer and overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity. Breastfeeding during the first months of the babyís life was found to be a protective factor against breast cancer (AU)

Sobrepeso/obesidad en mujeres y su implicación en el cáncer de mama; edad de diagnóstico / Overweight/obesity in women and its implication in breast cancer; age of diagnosis

El sobrepeso, la obesidad y el cáncer de mama constituyen tres patologías muy prevalentes en la actualidad y con gran impacto en la sociedad. Muchas investigaciones han intentado establecer una asociación entre esos procesos, circunstancias que aún se están estudiando. Objetivo de estudio: Verificar una asociación entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad de las mujeres con cáncer de mama y su relación con la edad de diagnóstico. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 118 mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama con edades comprendidas entre 32 y 76 años. Todas diagnosticadas y tratadas de cáncer de mama entre los años 2009 y 2011 en el centro Oncológico de ISSEMyM de México. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se seleccionó la muestra aleatoria n = 60 con mujeres divididas en dos grupos. El grupo 1 con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama y normopeso. El grupo 2 fueron mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama y presentaban sobrepeso y obesidad. Se utilizó en ambos grupos la EGS-GP (Evaluación Global Subjetiva Generada por el Paciente) y se determinó el IMC (peso y estatura) y la circunferencia de cintura. Resultados: Se estableció una relación estadísticamente significativa entre la edad de diagnóstico, dependiendo si la mujer presentaba normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos de este estudio muestran que el sobrepeso y la obesidad se encuentran íntimamente ligados con el cáncer de mama y la edad de diagnóstico. El diagnóstico se produce de una forma más temprana que en las mujeres con normopeso (AU)

Overweight, obesity, and breast cancer are three pathologies that are endemic in the world today and which have a great impact on society. Many research studies are currently trying to discover possible associations between these factors and to specify the links between them. Objective: To verify whether there is a direct connection between overweight/obesity in women with breast cancer and its relation to age of diagnosis. Materials and methods: The sample population in this study was composed of 118 women (32-76 years of age) who had been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in 2009-2011 at the Centro Oncológico Estatal ISSEMyM [National Cancer Institute of Mexico]. An observational, descriptive, and transversal study was performed in which a random sample of n = 60 women was divided into two groups. The first group was composed of women with breast cancer, but who were of normal weight. The second group was composed of women with breast cancer, but who were either overweight or obese. In both groups, the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was applied, and the BMI (weight and height) was determined as well as waist circumference. Results: A statistically significant relation was found between age of diagnosis and weight (normal/overweight/obese) of the subjects (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results obtained show that overweight and obesity are directly linked to breast cancer and age of diagnosis. Breast cancer was diagnosed earlier in women of normal weight (AU)

[Risk factors in the development of breast cancer, state of Mexico]. / Factores de riesgo como pronóstico de padecer cáncer de mama en un estado de México.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most frequent diseases in women today, and its social impact is devastating. The risk factors focused on in recent research are mainly hormonal, genetic, and environmental though toxic habits, overweight, and obesity have also been studied. In contrast, protective factors against breast cancer include breastfeeding and daily exercise. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the risk factors for the women with breast cancer in our study sample. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A study of cases and controls was performed on 115 women diagnosed with breast cancer and on 115 healthy women, who had been patients at the National Cancer Institute ISSEMYM in Mexico from January to December 2011. Information was collected from the women in the sample pertaining to their family history of cancer, personal background, life style, and body mass index (BMI). Breast cancer risk was estimated with multivariate logistic regression models and the chi-square test. RESULTS: It was found that there was a greater risk of breast cancer in overweight or obese women who did not do any physical exercise and either who had breastfed their children for a very short time or who had not breastfed them at all. No significant differences were found between breast cancer and toxic habits. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study found a direct relation between breast cancer and overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity. Breastfeeding during the first months of the baby's life was found to be a protective factor against breast cancer.

[Overweight/obesity in women and its implication in breast cancer: age of diagnosis]. / Sobrepeso/obesidad en mujeres y su implicación en el cáncer de mama: edad de diagnóstico.

UNLABELLED: Overweight, obesity, and breast cancer are three pathologies that are endemic in the world today and which have a great impact on society. Many research studies are currently trying to discover possible associations between these factors and to specify the links between them. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether there is a direct connection between overweight/obesity in women with breast cancer and its relation to age of diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample population in this study was composed of 118 women (32-76 years of age) who had been diagnosed and treated for breast cancer in 2009-2011 at the Centro Oncológico Estatal ISSEMyM [National Cancer Institute of Mexico]. An observational, descriptive, and transversal study was performed in which a random sample of n = 60 women was divided into two groups. The first group was composed of women with breast cancer, but who were of normal weight. The second group was composed of women with breast cancer, but who were either overweight or obese. In both groups, the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was applied, and the BMI (weight and height) was determined as well as waist circumference. RESULTS: A statistically significant relation was found between age of diagnosis and weight (normal/overweight/obese) of the subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained show that overweight and obesity are directly linked to breast cancer and age of diagnosis. Breast cancer was diagnosed earlier in women of normal weight.

Effects of acute and chronic toluene inhalation on behavior, monoamine metabolism and specific binding (3H-serotonin and 3H-norepinephrine) of rat brain.

The present study deals with the effect of chronic toluene inhalation (30,000-40,000 ppm in air, 15 min/day for 30 days) that induced abnormal behavior states resembling the serotonin syndrome in rats: resting tremor, hindlimb abduction, Straub tail, head weaving and rigidity. The head weaving latencies were significantly decreased when assessed at 15 and 30 days of exposure to toluene vapors. The sequence pattern signs of serotonin syndrome were changed after 15 and 30 days of exposure, indicating possible cumulative effects and/or tolerance development. There were no changes in concentrations of indolamine and catecholamine compounds in different parts of the rat brain (cerebral cortex, midbrain, brainstem and cerebellum) as influence of chronic toluene exposure. Examination of specific serotonin ((3H)-5HT) to crude synaptic membranes prepared from rat brains and subjected to chronic toluene inhalation revealed a very high increased value in apparent Kd (30.7 +/- 15) with respect to its air control (9.7 +/- 2.3) and baseline control (5.8 +/- 3.2). This difference was highly significant (p < 0.02). There were no changes in apparent Bmax of specific (3H)-5HT binding sites. On the other hand (3H)-NE binding of rat brain studies did not show any difference either in apparent Kd or apparent Bmax. These results indicate that serotonin syndrome may be a consequence of changes of serotonergic mechanism, specifically a reduced affinity in specific (3H)-5HT binding sites.