[Proteinuria in urinary infection and acute pyelonephritis in paediatric patients: can it replace scintigraphic studies in diagnostic localisation?]. / Estudio de proteinuria en infección urinaria y pielonefritis aguda en Pediatría: ¿puede sustituir en el diagnóstico de localización al estudio gammagráfico?

UNLABELLED: ANTECEDENTS AND OBJECTIVES: The location of the urinary tract infection in children has serious implications both in therapy and prognosis. Affectation in gammagraphic studies is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Several studies with biomarkers have been made with controverted results. The objective of this study is to set the utility of beta2-microglobuline, alfa1-microglobuline, Cistatine C, IgG and albumin in the location of the infection, through the analysis of the relation among their urinary excretion, clinical and laboratory parameters and the renal scintigraphy findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective observational study made in 40 patients, aged from 1 month to 11 years, after their Hospital admission with suspicion for acute pyelonephritis. Exclusion criteria were: decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, malnutrition, massive albuminuria and history or findings of nephrourologic disease. Clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed, and renal ultrasonography and scintigraphy were performed within the first seven days after admission. Once the fever dropped, the urinary creatinine-protein ratio was analyzed. After the acute process, a renal scintigraphy was performed in order to detect renal scars. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test has been used as the statistical hypothesis test, and Chi-square and Fisher s exact tests have been used to compare the qualitative variables. RESULTS: The glomerular filtration rate, as well as the ultrasonography scan, was normal in all patients. 45% of the children (24/80 kidneys) had scintigraphic alterations that were compatible with acute pyelonephritis, and there were not differences in proteinuria between these and those with normal scintigraphy. To greater age greater probability of scintigraphic affectation. The sensitivity and specificity of leukocytes and CRP to predict pyelonephritis were 77-65% and 94-52%, r = 0.70 (CI 95% 0.54-0.87) y 0.75 (CI 95% 0.60-0.90) respectively. An apparent relation between the maximum temperature or duration of the symptoms and the renal affectation does not exist. In all the children, the normality of urinary markers of renal function was confirmed once the acute phase had passed, even in those 3 patients with renal scars (7.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Renal scintigraphy is still being the reference pattern for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in Pediatrics. The combined use of different urinary markers of renal function does not increase its sensitivity. It is necessary to do research in order to confirm the utility of new biomarkers.

Estudio de proteinuria en infección urinaria y pielonefritis aguda en Pediatría: ¿puede sustituir en el diagnóstico de localización al estudio gammagráfico? / No disponible

Antecedentes y objetivos: la localización de la infección urinaria en el niño tiene implicaciones terapéuticas y pronósticas. La afectación gamma gráfica se considera como «patrón oro» en el diagnóstico de pielonefritis aguda. Se han realizado estudios con biomarcadores urinarios con resultados controvertidos. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la utilidad de β2-microglobulina, α1-microglobulina, cistatina C, IgG y albúmina en el diagnóstico de localización, analizando la relación entre su excreción urinaria, parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio y la afectación renal gammagráfica. Pacientes y métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en 40 pacientes de un mes a 11 años de edad tras su ingreso hospitalario por sospecha de pielonefritis. Se analizaron variables clínicas y de laboratorio, realizando una ecografía renal y una gammagrafía renal enlos primeros siete días del ingreso. Una vez remitida la fiebre, se analizó el cociente urinario proteína/creatinina para cada variable. Tras el proceso agudo, se realizó una gammagrafía renal en fase tardía para detectar cicatrices renales. Resultados: el filtrado glomerular y la ecografía fueron normales en todos los pacientes. Un 45% de los niños (24/80 riñones) tuvieron alteraciones gammagráficas compatibles con pielonefritis aguda, no existiendo diferencias en la proteinuria entre éstos y aquellos con gammagrafía normal. A mayor edad, mayor probabilidad de(..) (AU)

Antecedents and objectives: the location of the urinary tract infection in children has serious implications both in therapy and prognosis. Affectation in gamma graphic studies is considered the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. Several studies with biomarkers have been made with controverted results. The objective of this study is to set the utility of beta2-microglobuline, alfa1-microglobuline, Cistatine C, IgG and albumin in the location of the infection, through the analysis of the relation among their urinary excretion, clinical and laboratory parameters and the renal scintigraphy findings. Patients and methods: Prospective observational study made in 40 patients, aged from 1 month to 11 years, after their Hospital admission with suspicion for acute pyelonephritis. Exclusion criteria were: decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, malnutrition, massive albuminuria and history or findings of nephrourologic disease. Clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed, and renal ultrasonography and scintigraphy were performed within the first seven days after admission. Once the fever dropped, the urinary creatinine-protein ratio was analyzed. After the acute process, a renal scintigraphy was performed in order to detect renal scars. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney Utest has been used as the statistical hypothesis test, and Chi-square and Fisher´s exact tests have been used to compare the qualitative variables. Results: The glomerular filtration rate, as well as the ultrasonography scan, was normal in all patients. 45% of the children (24/80kidneys) had scintigraphic alterations that were compatible with acute pyelonephritis, and there were not differencies in proteinuria between these and those with (..) (AU)

Autorización administrativa de laboratorios clínicos: normativas específicas / Clinical laboratory administrative authorization: specific normatives

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Medida de la concentración urinaria: densidad vs osmolalidad / Measurement of urinary concentration: density vs osmolality

Tanto la densidad como la osmolalidad urinaria nos proporcionan información acerca de la capacidad del riñón para diluir y concentrar la orina. Lo ideal sería utilizar siempre la osmolalidad, pues nos ofrece una medida más exacta que la densidad, debido a que esta última se ve afectada por el número de partículas, así como por la masa molecular a diferencia de la primera que sólo se afecta por el número de moléculas; pero debido a que la determinación de la densidad es más fácil y práctica, ésta es, generalmente, la que más se utiliza. En esta revisión se describe cada una de las técnicas que más se emplean o se han empleado en la determinación de la densidad, así como la comparación entre ellas, interferencias más significativas y su relación con la osmolalidad, considerado el parámetro "gold standard" (AU)