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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 39(5): 630-639, oct. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431692

RESUMO

La estadística es uno de los pilares de la ciencia, especialmente para describir y analizar los datos, la que ha progresado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Se le debe entender como un apoyo fundamental para la toma de decisiones en las distintas disciplinas. Los análisis exploratorios son descritos como el primer paso en la estadística, buscando organizar, representar y describir los datos, pero muchas veces este proceso se vuelve complejo, siendo importante realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la matriz de datos. Es objetivo de este manuscrito describir una propuesta metodológica para la validación de bases de datos aplicada a las ciencias de la salud. Esta metodología consta de seis etapas: cuatro de ellas obligatorias y sucesivas, y las otras dos opcionales. En la literatura médica, estos procedimientos general-mente son pasados por alto; buscamos, en consecuencia, recalcar la importancia de este proceso como previo a los análisis exploratorios.


Statistics is one of the pillars of science, especially to describe and analyze data, it has progressed exponentially in recent years. Being the fundamental support for decision-making in different disciplines. Exploratory analyzes are described as the first step in statistics, seeking to organize, represent and describe the data, but many times this process becomes complex, and it is important to carry out an exhaustive review of the data matrix. The aim of this manuscript was to describe a methodological proposal for databases validation applied to health sciences. This methodology consists of 6 stages, 4 of them compulsory and successive, and the other two, optional. In the literature these procedures are generally overlooked, our purpose is thus to emphasize the importance of this process prior to exploratory analyzes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Bioestatística/métodos , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Ciências da Saúde , Confiabilidade dos Dados
2.
Med. interna Méx ; 33(6): 746-753, nov.-dic. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-954911

RESUMO

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es una complicación que puede manifestarse durante o después de la hospitalización. Existen pocos antecedentes en nuestro país que evalúan el comportamiento médico en este tema. OBJETIVO: conocer la prescripción relacionada con el tipo, duración y posibles causas de la omisión de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes hospitalizados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: estudio descriptivo, transversal y no probabilístico en el que de septiembre a noviembre de 2016 se evaluaron médicos de Medicina Interna, Cirugía General, Terapia Intensiva y Urgencias. Se recolectaron datos por cuestionario y presentación de resultados a través de estadística descriptiva. También se evaluó la duración de la prescripción y la dosis administrada. RESULTADOS: se encuestaron 556 médicos adscritos, 14 jefes de servicio y 234 residentes total: 804 de siete hospitales de la Ciudad de México pertenecientes al sistema de salud. El 30% refirió que su hospital cuenta con un programa de tromboprofilaxis; 97.7% la considera segura y 1.2%, riesgosa. El 96% respondió que prescribe tromboprofilaxis en sus pacientes; 592 74% utilizan alguna escala de previsión clínica de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa. El 71% recomienda heparina de bajo peso molecular para tromboprofilaxis y 0.74% administra anticoagulantes orales de nueva generación. CONCLUSIONES: la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es potencialmente prevenible; sin embargo, la prescripción muestra oportunidades de mejoría en aspectos de farmacología.


Abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolic disease VTE is a complication that may occur during or after hospitalization. There are few antecedents in our country that evaluate the medical behavior in this subject. OBJECTIVE: To know the prescription related to type, duration and possible causes for omission of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A descriptive, transversal and non-probabilistic study was done, in which from September to November 2016 physicians of Internal Medicine, General Surgery, Intensive Care and Urgency were evaluated through a data collection by questionnaire and presentation of results through descriptive statistics. We also evaluated duration of prescription and dose administered. RESULTS: A total of 556 seconded physicians, 14 service heads, and 234 residents 804 in total were surveyed in seven hospitals in Mexico City belonging to the health system. Thirty percent reported that their hospital has a thromboprophylaxis program; 97.7% consider it safe and 1.2% risky; 96% responded that they prescribe thromboprophylaxis in their patients; 592 73.6% used some clinical prediction scale for VTE; 71% recommended low molecular weight heparin for thrombo prophylaxis and 0.74% administered new generation oral anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: Venous thromboembolic disease is potentially preventable; however, prescription shows opportunities for improvement in aspects of pharmacology.

3.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 59(2): 83-90, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22480554

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pre-operative anxiety associated with parental anxiety in children subjected to day surgery, by studying the parent-child behaviour and interaction in the surgical environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 paediatric patients, between 2 and 10 years-old, scheduled for elective day surgery with general anaesthesia. The modified YALE Pre-operative Anxiety Scale was applied, and the parents were independently evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Test. RESULTS: Pre-operative anxiety was present in 71.4% of the patients. Children between 5 and 7 years had a significantly higher risk of presenting with anxiety (P=.05). In the parents group, 55.2% showed mild anxiety, and 9.2% moderate. The mother was the family member who most often accompanied the paediatric patient. CONCLUSIONS: The anxiety in children subjected to surgery is characterised by subjective feelings of tension, fear, nervousness, and worry that could be expressed in diverse forms. The evaluation of anxiety in the pre-operative period is an excellent tool to start and to perform both psychological and pharmacological interventions.


Assuntos
Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Pais/psicologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 59(2): 83-90, feb. 2012.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-100342

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar la ansiedad preoperatoria de los niños sometidos a cirugía ambulatoria, asociada a la ansiedad de los padres mediante el comportamiento y la interacción padreniño en el entorno quirúrgico. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, observacional y transversal, en el que participaron 98 pacientes pediátricos programados para cirugía ambulatoria electiva con anestesia general, de entre 2 y 10 años. Se aplicó la escala de ansiedad preoperatoria de YALE modificada, y los padres fueron evaluados por separado mediante el test de ansiedad de Hamilton. Resultados: El 71,4% de los pacientes pediátricos presentaron ansiedad preoperatoria. Los niños entre 5 a 7 años tienen significativamente más riesgo de sufrirla (p = 0,05). En el grupo de los padres, el 55,2% mostró ansiedad leve y el 9,2%, ansiedad moderada. El familiar que se encuentra con mayor frecuencia en compañía del paciente pediátrico es la madre. Conclusiones: La ansiedad en los niños sometidos a cirugía se caracteriza por sentimientos subjetivos de tensión, miedo, nerviosismo y preocupación que pueden ser expresados en diversas formas. La evaluación de la ansiedad en el periodo perioperatorio es una excelente herramienta para iniciar y utilizar intervenciones tanto psicológicas como farmacológicas disponibles(AU)


Objective: To evaluate the pre-operative anxiety associated with parental anxiety in children subjected to day surgery, by studying the parent-child behaviour and interaction in the surgical environment. Material and methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted on 98 paediatric patients, between 2 and 10 years-old, scheduled for elective day surgery with general anaesthesia. The modified YALE Pre-operative Anxiety Scale was applied, and the parents were independently evaluated using the Hamilton Anxiety Test. Results: Pre-operative anxiety was present in 71.4% of the patients. Children between 5 and 7 years had a significantly higher risk of presenting with anxiety (P=.05). In the parents group, 55.2% showed mild anxiety, and 9.2% moderate. The mother was the family member who most often accompanied the paediatric patient. Conclusions: The anxiety in children subjected to surgery is characterised by subjective feelings of tension, fear, nervousness, and worry that could be expressed in diverse forms. The evaluation of anxiety in the pre-operative period is an excellent tool to start and to perform both psychological and pharmacological interventions(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Ansiedade/psicologia , /métodos , /psicologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/psicologia , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Anestesia Geral/normas , Centros Cirúrgicos/normas , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Estudos Transversais/tendências , Anestesia Geral/tendências , Anestesia Geral
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