[Susceptibility and resistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobial agents]. / Sensibilidad y resistencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a los antimicrobianos.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism that is frequently the cause of nosocomial infections. Multiple mechanisms are involved in its natural and acquired resistance to many of the antimicrobial agents commonly used in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility and resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa strains isolated in Hospital Reina Sofia between 2000 and 2005, as well as to analyze the differences between intrahospital and extrahospital isolates in 2005 and to compare the results with those obtained in other studies. A total of 3,019 strains of P. aeruginosa from different hospitals and nonhospital settings were evaluated, taking into consideration their degree of sensitivity to different antibiotics. The MICs were determined by means of the Wider I automated system (Soria Melguizo), taking into consideration the criteria of susceptibility and resistance recommended by MENSURA. Results of the analysis showed that P. aeruginosa maintained similar levels of antimicrobial susceptibility during the period 2000-2005, with increased susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin. There were also important differences in the degree of susceptibility between intrahospital and extrahospital strains, except for imipenem and fosfomycin. The intrahospital difference in susceptibility was also evaluated, emphasizing the importance of periodically studying susceptibility and resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa in each setting in order to evaluate different therapeutic guidelines, as it is not always advisable to extrapolate data from different regions. These differences can be explained by the different use of antibiotics in each center and the geographic variations of the resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa.

Sensibilidad y resistencia de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a los antimicrobianos / Susceptibility and resistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobial agents

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, es un microorganismo oportunista frecuentemente implicado en infecciones de origen nosocomial que presenta resistencia natural y adquirida por múltiples mecanismos de resistencia a muchos de los antimicrobianos de uso clínico. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es analizar la evolución de la sensibilidad y resistencias de las cepas de P. aeruginosa aisladas en el H.U. Reina Sofía en el periodo 2000- 2005, así como analizar las diferencias entre los aislamientos de origen intrahospitalario y extrahospitalario en 2005 y comparar los resultados con el comportamiento de este microorganismo en otros hospitales. Se valoraron 3019 cepas de P. aeruginosa de los diferentes servicios del hospital y de procedencia extrahospitalaria viendo su nivel de sensibilidad antimicrobiana frente a diferentes antibióticos. Las CMIs de las cepas se determinaron mediante el sistema automatizado Wider I (Soria Melguizo), considerando los criterios de sensibilidad y resistencia recomendados por el grupo MENSURA. Tras el análisis se concluyó que en nuestro hospital existe un mantenimiento general de la sensibilidad antimicrobiana de P. aeruginosa en el periodo 2000-2005 con un aumento de esta en amikacina, gentamicina y tobramicina. y que existen importantes diferencias de porcentajes de sensibilidades en 2005 entre las muestras de origen intrahospitalario y extrahospitalario, salvo en imipenem y fosfomicina que se mantienen. Así mismo se analizaron las diferencias respecto a otros hospitales por lo que destacamos la importancia de realizar estudios locales de la sensibilidad y resistencias de P. aeruginosa en cada zona de forma periódica para poder valorar las diferentes pautas terapéuticas, no siendo posible extrapolar los datos de las diferentes regiones españolas. Las diferencias encontradas se pueden explicar por el diferente uso de los antibióticos en cada centro y las variaciones geográficas de los mecanismos de resistencia de P. aeruginosa

involved in its natural and acquired resistance to many of the antimicrobial agents commonly used in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility and resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa strains isolated in Hospital Reina Sofia between 2000 and 2005, as well as to analyze the differences between intrahospital and extrahospital isolates in 2005 and to compare the results with those obtained in other studies. A total of 3,019 strains of P. aeruginosa from different hospitals and nonhospital settings were evaluated, taking into consideration their degree of sensitivity to different antibiotics. The MICs were determined by means of the Wider I automated system (Soria Melguizo), taking into consideration the criteria of susceptibility and resistance recommended by MENSURA. Results of the analysis showed that P. aeruginosa maintanied similar levels of antimicrobial susceptibility during the period 2000-2005, with increased susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin. There were also important differences in the degree of susceptibility between intrahospital and extrahospital strains, except for imipenem and fosfomycin. The intrahospital difference in susceptibility was also evaluated, emphasizing the importance of periodically studying susceptibility and resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa in each setting in order to evaluate different therapeutic guidelines, as it is not always advisable to extrapolate data from different regions. These differences can be explained by the different use of antibiotics in each center and the geographic variations of the resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa

[Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients in Córdoba (Spain)]. / Sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de Enterococcus faecalis aislados de pacientes en la provincia de Córdoba (España).

Enterococcus faecalis is a pathogenic microorganism. The aim of this investigation was to study the antibiotic susceptibility of the strains isolated in Cordoba in a 20-month period (January 2004 to August 2005). Susceptibility rates to betalactamics were 98% to ampicillin and 99% to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; high-dose aminoglycosides (streptomycin 1000 microg and gentamycin 500 microg) obtained 56% and 76%, respectively. We found no strains resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) or to linezolid.

Sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos de Enterococcus faecalis aislados de pacientes en la provincia de Córdoba (España) / Antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from patients in Córdoba (Spain)

Enterococcus faecalis es un microorganismo patógeno para el hombre. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la sensibilidad a diferentesantibióticos de los aislamientos obtenidos en la provincia de Córdoba en un periodo de 20 meses, de enero de 2004 a agosto de 2005. Losporcentajes de sensibilidad para los betalatámicos fueron del 98% a ampicilina y del 99% a amoxicilina-ácido clavulánico. Los aminoglucósidosestreptomicina y gentamicina, probados a altas dosis (estreptomicina 1000 µg y gentamicina 500 µg), obtuvieron un porcentaje desensibilidad del 56% y el 76%, respectivamente. No se encontró ninguna cepa resistente a glucopéptidos (vancomicina y teicoplanina) ni alinezolid

Enterococcus faecalis is a pathogenic microorganism. The aim of this investigation was to study the antibiotic susceptibility of the strains isolatedin Córdoba in a 20-month period (January 2004 to August 2005). Susceptibility rates to betalactamics were 98% to ampicillin and 99%to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid; high-dose aminoglycosides (streptomycin 1000 µg and gentamycin 500 µg) obtained 56% and 76%, respectively.We found no strains resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) or to linezolid

Evolución de la resistencia a la meticilina de Staphylococcus aureus en la provincia de Córdoba (España) en los años 2002-2005 / Evolution of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Cordoba (Spain) in the years 2002–2005

En los últimos años, Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SARM) se ha convertido en un patógeno humano de gran importancia.Nuestro objetivo ha sido estudiar la evolución de la resistencia a la meticilina de S. aureus aislados en nuestro hospital en un periodo decuatro años y comparar nuestra situación con la del resto del país y la de Europa. El porcentaje varió de un 39,9% en 2002 a un 46,4% en2005. Los servicios con mayor porcentaje fueron la UCI y los servicios quirúrgicos. No hallamos cepas con resistencia a los glucopéptidos

In the last few years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a very important human pathogen. Our aim was to studythe evolution of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in our hospital over a four-year period and to compare oursituation with the rest of Spain and Europe. The rates varied from 39.9% in 2002 to 46.4% in 2005. Units with the highest rate were ICU andsurgical wards. We found no glycopeptide-resistant strains

[Evolution of methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus in Cordoba (Spain) in the years 2002-2005]. / Evolución de la resistencia a la meticilina de Staphylococcus aureus en la provincia de Córdoba (España) en los años 2002-2005.

In the last few years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a very important human pathogen. Our aim was to study the evolution of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated in our hospital over a four-year period and to compare our situation with the rest of Spain and Europe. The rates varied from 39.9% in 2002 to 46.4% in 2005. Units with the highest rate were ICU and surgical wards. We found no glycopeptide-resistant strains.