Early hospital discharge through prediction of post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism.

INTRODUCTION: Hypoparathyroidism is the most common postsurgical complication of total thyroidectomy. Furthermore, it is the main cause of prolonged hospitalisation after this procedure. OBJECTIVE: To predict the probability of post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia according to the levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), as well as to determine the needs for treatment with exogenous calcium according to the levels of serum calcium (Ca). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study was carried out on patients who underwent total thyroidectomy between January 2017 and January 2020 at Los Arcos del Mar Menor University Hospital (HULAMM). iPTH and Ca levels ​​were measured at 4, 24 and 48 h after the surgery. Follow-up was 6 months. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were operated on. Temporary and permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism percentages were, respectively, 51.06% and 6.38%. iPTH level 24 h after the procedure was the most reliable predictor of post-thyroidectomy temporary hypoparathyroidism (Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) = 0.933, p < .001). iPTH levels ​​≥29 pg/mL predicted normal parathyroid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: The combined values of iPTH and Ca levels 24 h after thyroidectomy seems to be a reliable, safe and efficient method to control the post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism. Our protocol could reduce the hospital stay of patients at low risk of hypocalcaemia, allowing them to be discharged from the hospital on the first postoperative morning and identifying patients at high risk of hypocalcaemia early.

Factores de riesgo y evolución del calcio y hormona paratiroidea en el síndrome de hueso hambriento tras paratiroidectomía por hiperparatiroidismo primario / Risk factors and evolution of calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in hungry bone syndrome after parthyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome del hueso hambriento (SHH) es una complicación tras la cirugía paratiroidea que puede causar una hipocalcemia grave y prolongada. El objetivo fue conocer los factores de riesgo de SHH después de la cirugía por hiperparatiroidismo primario y su relación con los niveles de calcio sérico y de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de casos y controles en pacientes operados por hiperparatiroidismo primario en los últimos 10 años (2008-2017). Se estudió la evolución analítica del calcio, la PTH y las características generales de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de SHH en nuestra serie fue del 12,2%. Se encontró una asociación significativa de SHH con la cirugía tiroidea en el mismo acto quirúrgico (odds ratio ajustada [ORa] = 17,241), con la edad mayor de 68 años (Ora = 6,666) y con el tamaño de la lesión mayor a 1,7cm (Ora = 7.165). Observamos una relación estadísticamente significativa entre presentar SHH con un valor mayor a la media de calcio sérico corregido el día después de la cirugía, a la semana y a los 3 meses, así como con un valor mayor de la media de PTH preoperatoria, en la cirugía y un día después de la cirugía. CONCLUSIÓN: Los factores de riesgo independientes para el desarrollo de SHH en nuestra serie fueron la edad del paciente, el tamaño de la lesión y si la intervención se acompaña de cirugía tiroidea, lo que obliga a una monitorización más estrecha del metabolismo mineral durante el perioperatorio

INTRODUCTION: Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) is a complication occurring after parathyroid surgery that can cause severe and prolonged hypocalcemia. The study objective was to know the risk factors for HBS after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism and its relationship with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control, observational, analytical study was conducted in patients who had undergone surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in the past 10 years (2007-2016). Changes over time in serum calcium and PTH levels and the general characteristics of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence rate of HBS in our series was 12.2%. HBS was found to be significantly associated to thyroid surgery during the surgical procedure itself (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 17.241), to age older than 68 years (aOR = 6.666), and to lesions greater than 1.7cm (aOR = 7.165). A statistically significant relationship was seen between presence of HBS and corrected serum calcium levels higher than the mean the day after surgery and one week and 3 months later, and also with PTH levels higher than the mean before, during, and one day after surgery. CONCLUSIÓN: In our series, independent risk factors for development of HBS included patient age, lesion size, and whether or not the procedure was accompanied by thyroid surgery, which requires closer monitoring of mineral metabolism during the perioperative period

Risk factors and evolution of calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in hungry bone syndrome after parthyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism. / Factores de riesgo y evolución del calcio y hormona paratiroidea en el síndrome de hueso hambriento tras paratiroidectomía por hiperparatiroidismo primario.

INTRODUCTION: Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) is a complication occurring after parathyroid surgery that can cause severe and prolonged hypocalcemia. The study objective was to know the risk factors for HBS after surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism and its relationship with serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control, observational, analytical study was conducted in patients who had undergone surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism in the past 10 years (2007-2016). Changes over time in serum calcium and PTH levels and the general characteristics of patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence rate of HBS in our series was 12.2%. HBS was found to be significantly associated to thyroid surgery during the surgical procedure itself (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=17.241), to age older than 68 years (aOR=6.666), and to lesions greater than 1.7cm (aOR=7.165). A statistically significant relationship was seen between presence of HBS and corrected serum calcium levels higher than the mean the day after surgery and one week and 3 months later, and also with PTH levels higher than the mean before, during, and one day after surgery. CONCLUSION: In our series, independent risk factors for development of HBS included patient age, lesion size, and whether or not the procedure was accompanied by thyroid surgery, which requires closer monitoring of mineral metabolism during the perioperative period.

Búsqueda de criterios de normalidad de potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral y potenciales evocados auditivos de estado estable con estímulo en campo libre / Search for normality criteria of auditory brain responses and auditory steady state response with free-field stimulation

Objetivo: Conocer los umbrales de normalidad de las pruebas de ABR y ASSR en campo libre comparadas con los auriculares de inserción. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de una serie de casos de niños sin hipoacusia en el periodo de tiempo entre abril de 2016 y enero de 2017, a los que se realiza ABR y ASSR convencionales utilizando auriculares de inserción y mediante campo libre. Resultados: Fueron valorados 54 oídos con criterios absolutos de normalidad. La edad media fue de 16,7 meses (DE = 5,7) con un rango de edad comprendido entre los 6 y los 24 meses. La evocación del potencial de acción a 70 dBs en campo libre mostró una media de onda I de 3,47ms (DE = 0,59 ms), onda II de 4,01 (DE = 0,31), onda III de 5,97 (DE = 0,61), onda IV de 6,71 (DE=0,67) y onda V de 8,22 (DE = 0,51). Se encuentra una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05) en el valor otenido con auriculares de inserción o en campo libre en la onda I (diferencia media 1,91), en la onda III (1,88), en la onda IV (1,69) y en la onda V (1,95), siendo mayores en campo libre. No se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las interlatencias. Las respuestas en el ASSR mediante campo libre presentaron un incremento de 1,56 min en comparación a los auriculares de inserción. Conclusiones: Los umbrales obtenidos en ABR mediante campo libre son superponibles a los realizados con auriculares de inserción, únicamente se diferencian en el aumento de las latencias, manteniendo las interlatencias, ocasionado por el retraso de estimulación del oído debido a la distancia entre la fuente sonora y el tímpano. Ambas pruebas son realizables mediante campo libre lo que permitiría aplicarlas de manera rutinaria y a pacientes donde no se les pueden realizar las convencionales

Objective: To discover the thresholds of normality of the tests of ABR and ASSR in free-field stimulation compared with headphones. Methods: Descriptive study of a series of cases of children without hearing loss carried out between April 2016 and January 2017. The ABR and conventional ASR were performed using insert headphones and free-field stimulation. Results: Fifty-four ears were evaluated with absolute criteria of normality. The mean age was 16.7 months (SD = 5.7). The evocation of the action potential at 70 dBs in the free-field showed a mean on wave I of 3.47ms, on wave II of 4.01, on wave III of 5.97, on wave IV of 6.71 and on wave V of 8.22. There is a statistically significant difference (p<.05) between the value obtained with insert earphones and the free-field on wave I (mean difference 1.91), on wave III (1.88), on wave IV (1.69) and on wave V (1.95), their being higher in stimulus in free field. There were no statistically significant differences in the interlatencies. The responses in the ASSR with free-field showed an increase of 1.56 minutes compared to the headphones. Conclusions: The thresholds obtained in ABR by free-field were differentiated from those obtained by headphones in the increase of latencies, caused by delayed stimulation of the ear due to the distance between the sound source and the eardrum. Both tests are feasible by free-field stimulation, which would allow them to be applied routinely to patients on whom conventional tests cannot be performed

Search for normality criteria of auditory brain responses and auditory steady state response with free-field stimulation. / Búsqueda de criterios de normalidad de potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral y potenciales evocados auditivos de estado estable con estímulo en campo libre.

OBJECTIVE: To discover the thresholds of normality of the tests of ABR and ASSR in free-field stimulation compared with headphones. METHODS: Descriptive study of a series of cases of children without hearing loss carried out between April 2016 and January 2017. The ABR and conventional ASR were performed using insert headphones and free-field stimulation. RESULTS: Fifty-four ears were evaluated with absolute criteria of normality. The mean age was 16.7 months (SD=5.7). The evocation of the action potential at 70 dBs in the free-field showed a mean on wave I of 3.47ms, on wave II of 4.01, on wave III of 5.97, on wave IV of 6.71 and on wave V of 8.22. There is a statistically significant difference (p<.05) between the value obtained with insert earphones and the free-field on wave I (mean difference 1.91), on wave III (1.88), on wave IV (1.69) and on wave V (1.95), their being higher in stimulus in free field. There were no statistically significant differences in the interlatencies. The responses in the ASSR with free-field showed an increase of 1.56minutes compared to the headphones. CONCLUSIONS: The thresholds obtained in ABR by free-field were differentiated from those obtained by headphones in the increase of latencies, caused by delayed stimulation of the ear due to the distance between the sound source and the eardrum. Both tests are feasible by free-field stimulation, which would allow them to be applied routinely to patients on whom conventional tests cannot be performed.