Electricity demand during pandemic times: The case of the COVID-19 in Spain.

Electricity demand and its typical load pattern are usually affected by many endogenous and exogenous factors to which the generation system must accordingly respond through utility operators. Lockdown measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 imposed by many countries have led to sudden changes in socioeconomic habits which have had direct effects on the electricity systems. Therefore, a detailed analysis of how confinement measures have modified the electricity consumption in Spain, one of the countries most affected by this pandemic, has been performed in this work. Its electricity consumption has decreased by 13.49% from March 14 to April 30, compared to the average value of five previous years. Daily power demand profiles, especially morning and evening peaks, have been modified at homes, hospitals, and in the total power demand. These changes generate a greater uncertainty for the System Operator when making demand forecasts, but production deviations have increased by only 0.1%, thanks to the presence of a diversified generation mix, which has been modified during this period, increasing the proportion of renewable sources and decreasing CO2 emissions.

Variabilidad glucémica y estrés oxidativo en niños con diabetes tipo 1 asistentes a un campamento / Glycemic variability and oxidative stress in children, with type 1 diabetes attending a summer camp

OBJETIVOS: Analizar variabilidad glucémica, el estrés oxidativo y la relación entre ambos en un grupo de en niños y adolescentes con diabetes tipo 1 (DM1) que asistieron a un campamento. Pacientes y método: Estudio transversal que incluyó a 54 niños con DM1 entre 7 y 16 años de edad que asistieron a un campamento de verano de 7 días. Se recogieron datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y valores de glucemia capilar medidos con un glucómetro Accu-Chek Nano(R). Se calcularon los marcadores de variabilidad glucémica: desviación estándar (DE), índice de glucemia baja (LBGI), índice de glucemia elevada (HBGI), amplitud media de las excursiones glucémicas (MAGE) y media de las diferencias diarias (MODD). El estrés oxidativo fue evaluado mediante la medición de 8-iso-prostaglandina F2 alfa (PGF2α) en una muestra de orina de 24 h recogida en 14 niños al final del campamento. RESULTADOS: La mediana de DE, MAGE y MODD se encontraron en un rango elevado (61, 131 y 59mg/dl, respectivamente), LBGI en la categoría de riesgo moderado (3,3) y HBGI en la categoría de riesgo bajo (4,5). La media de HbA1c fue del 7,6%. La media de la tasa de excreción urinaria de 8-iso-PGF2α fue 864,39pg/mg creatinina. No se encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre marcadores de variabilidad glucémica y 8-iso PGF2α urinario. CONCLUSIONES: Se ha objetivado una alta variabilidad glucémica en niños y adolescentes con DM1 asistentes a un campamento de verano. Sin embargo, no se han encontrado correlaciones entre marcadores de variabilidad glucémica y de estrés oxidativo medido por 8-iso-PGF2α urinario

OBJECTIVE: To assess glycemic variability, oxidative stress and their relationship in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) attending a summer camp. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study that included 54 children and adolescents with T1DM aged 7-16, attending a 7 day summer camp. Sociodemographic information, clinical data, and blood glucose values measured using an Accu-Chek Nano(R) glucose meter were recorded. Glucose variability markers (standard deviation [SD], low blood glucose index [LBGI], high blood glucose index [HBGI], mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE] and mean of daily differences [MODD]) were calculated. Oxidative stress was assessed by the measurement of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) in a 24-hour urine sample collected at the end of the camp in 14 children. RESULTS: The Median SD, MAGE and MODD indexes were in the high range (61, 131 and 58mg/dl, respectively), LBGI in the moderate range (3.3), and HBGI in the low range (4.5). The mean HbA1c was 7.6% and the median urinary excretion rate of 8-iso-PGF2α was 864.39pg/mg creatinine. The Spearman correlation coefficients between markers of glycemic variability (SD, HBGI, MAGE, MODD) were significant. Non-significant correlations were found between markers of glycemic variability and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. CONCLUSIONS: High glycemic variability was observed in children and adolescents attending a summer camp. However, no correlations were found between markers of glycemic variability and oxidative stress measured by urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. Further studies are needed to address the relationship between oxidative stress and glycemic variability in children with T1DM

[Glycemic variability and oxidative stress in children, with type 1 diabetes attending a summer camp]. / Variabilidad glucémica y estrés oxidativo en niños con diabetes tipo 1 asistentes a un campamento.

OBJECTIVE: To assess glycemic variability, oxidative stress and their relationship in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) attending a summer camp. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study that included 54 children and adolescents with T1DM aged 7-16, attending a 7 day summer camp. Sociodemographic information, clinical data, and blood glucose values measured using an Accu-Chek Nano® glucose meter were recorded. Glucose variability markers (standard deviation [SD], low blood glucose index [LBGI], high blood glucose index [HBGI], mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE] and mean of daily differences [MODD]) were calculated. Oxidative stress was assessed by the measurement of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) in a 24-hour urine sample collected at the end of the camp in 14 children. RESULTS: The Median SD, MAGE and MODD indexes were in the high range (61, 131 and 58 mg/dl, respectively), LBGI in the moderate range (3.3), and HBGI in the low range (4.5). The mean HbA1c was 7.6% and the median urinary excretion rate of 8-iso-PGF2α was 864.39 pg/mg creatinine. The Spearman correlation coefficients between markers of glycemic variability (SD, HBGI, MAGE, MODD) were significant. Non-significant correlations were found between markers of glycemic variability and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. CONCLUSIONS: High glycemic variability was observed in children and adolescents attending a summer camp. However, no correlations were found between markers of glycemic variability and oxidative stress measured by urinary 8-iso-PGF2α. Further studies are needed to address the relationship between oxidative stress and glycemic variability in children with T1DM.

Elevated amylase creatinine clearance ratio and normal serum amylase levels in chronic relapsing pancreatitis after partial pancreatectomy.

A 29-year-old woman admitted for alcohol detoxification five years after a 90% distal pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis had abdominal pain similar to that associated with preoperative pancreatitis. Although her clinical course was consistent with recurrent pancreatitis, the serum amylase level remained normal, but the amylase creatinine clearance ratio became elevated and then returned to normal, paralleling her clinical course. The ACCR may be a useful laboratory method in diagnosing chronic recurrent pancreatitis in patients with decreased functional pancreatic tissue.