Use of mouthguards in Latin American field hockey athletes during the ODESUR 2022 Games.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Athletes are susceptible to oral injuries. To reduce the incidence and severity of oral trauma, a custom-made mouthguard, a device positioned in the mouth to prevent damage to teeth and surrounding structures, is recommended. In field hockey, according to the international rules of this sport, using mouthguards is not mandatory, but it is recommended to wear them at all times while practicing this discipline. We aimed to determine characteristics and differences regarding mouthguard usage among field hockey players from different countries participating in the XII ODESUR Games. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 78 voluntary hockey athletes that met the inclusion criteria. The questionnaire used was validated by Panam Sports, collecting information on the type of mouthguard (custom-made or prefabricated), and the time of use of the mouthguard (range of 5 years). RESULTS: Of the total number of athletes, 96% used mouthguards, of which 64% were custom-made type, and 32% were prefabricated (p < .001). Custom-made mouthguards were used by 100%, 89%, and 64% of athletes in Argentina, Chile, and Peru, respectively, while only 40% of athletes in Paraguay and Uruguay used them. It has also been observed that more than 50% of the individuals have not controlled and replaced their intraoral devices for more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal a problem with a public health dimension and thus invite the standardization of guidelines with an educational approach to promoting and adopting good sports practices. This report is the first on using mouthguards in high-performance athletes during an international multisport event.

Prevalencia, tratamiento y control de la hipertensión arterial en adultos mexicanos: resultados de la Ensanut 2022.

OBJETIVO: Describir la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA), las características del tratamiento y la proporción de adultos mexicanos que tiene tensión arterial (TA) controlada. Material y métodos. Se midió la TA a 8 647 adultos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2022 (Ensanut 2022). Se consideró que un participante tenía HTA o TA controlada cuando cumplía los criterios de la American College of Cardiology y la American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) o la Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC-8). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de HTA en adultos fue 47.8% (según criterio del ACC/AHA). De éstos, 65.5% desconocía su diagnóstico. En adultos con diagnóstico previo de HTA, 33.7% tuvo TA controlada. Según la clasificación JNC-8, 29.4% de los adultos tenía HTA y 43.9% ignoraba su diagnóstico. Conclusión. En la Ensanut 2022 la mitad de los adultos tenía HTA y de ellos, tres de cada cinco no habían sido diagnosticados. El sistema de salud debe mejorar sus mecanismos de detección de HTA porque el subdiagnóstico y el mal control de la TA ocasiona discapacidad, mala calidad de vida y mortalidad prematura.

Best Practices for Depression Screening Among College Students: A Literature Review.

Rates of depression among the college-aged population are alarming, particularly in light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It is important for providers who care for this population to have proper screening and referral processes to meet growing student needs. The purpose of this literature review was to examine current best practices for depression screening among college students. Comprehensive searches of PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane databases were completed with the assistance of a medical librarian. A total of 775 studies were screened, and 17 articles were included in the review. Evidence supports universal-based depression screenings; use of screening methods to include brief and online screenings; use of validated screening tools, including the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) -2 and PHQ-9; and the importance of a proper referral process and adequate access to treatment measures. An appropriate depression screening and referral process within campus health centers is critical to meet the needs of college students. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].

Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud.

La creciente epidemia de obesidad ha sido uno de los retos más importantes de salud pública en México durante los últimos años. Con apoyo de la Federación Mundial de Obesidad, en 2021 formamos un grupo de profesionales para identificar y resumir las acciones prioritarias en las que puede enfocarse nuestro país para hacer frente a esta epidemia. Al proceso de desarrollo y discusión de este grupo se sumaron más de 1 000 profesionales de la salud para retomar recomendaciones de documentos y guías de alto nivel previamente publicados. En conmemoración del Día Mundial de la Obesidad, en este 2022 se presenta esta postura como insumo para el desarrollo de acciones en el ámbito profesional y de los diferentes sectores, en la que se incluyen 10 recomendaciones de acción, desde la perspectiva poblacional hasta la atención individualizada, y se enfatiza en la importancia de la participación social, de las intervenciones integrales con visión centrada en la persona y de la sostenibilidad planetaria, además de mejorar la educación y las campañas de difusión, propiciar un ambiente promotor de entornos activos y blindar de conflictos de interés los esfuerzos de prevención y control. La postura hace un llamado para abordar la obesidad de manera seria, con base en la evidencia científica, oportuna e integral, con enfoque de curso de vida, de forma ética y sensible, y sin perpetuar las barreras del estigma de peso en la sociedad.

Volviéndonos mejores: necesidad de acción inmediata ante el reto de la obesidad. Una postura de profesionales de la salud / Becoming better: the need for immediate action to address obesity. A position statement from health professionals

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract: In recent decades, the growing obesity epidemic in Mexico has become one of the most important public health challenges faced by the country. With support from the World Obesity Federation, we formed a working group in 2021 to identify and summarize priority actions that Mexico can take to face this epidemic. More than 1 000 health professionals joined the development and discussion process. Recommendations from previously published, high-level documents and guidelines were taken into account. In commemoration of World Obesity Day 2022, this statement is presented as input for health care professionals to develop actions to address obesity. The statement includes 10 recommendations that include population-level and individual-level actions. It emphasizes the importance of social participation, comprehensive interventions with a person- centered perspective, planetary sustainability, on improving education and communication campaigns, as well as fostering a built environment that promotes active living, and shielding prevention and control efforts from conflicts of interest. The statement calls for obesity to be treated seriously, based on scientific evidence, in a timely and comprehensive manner, employing a life-course and ethical approach that does not perpetuate weight stigma in society.

Estrés laboral y percepción de síntomas de enfermedad cardiovascular en trabajadores de la Región del Ñuble, Chile / Work stress and perception of symptoms of cardiovascular disease in workers of the Region of Ñuble, Chile

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares, son la principal causa de muerte a nivel mundial, su aparición está influida por factores psicosociales uno de ellos es el estrés. Objetivo: Analizar la relación que existe entre el nivel de estrés laboral y la percepción de síntomas de enfermedades cardiovasculares en trabajadores de la Región de Ñuble, en Chile. Material y Métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal, desarrollado a través de encuestas on line (antecedentes sociodemográficos, laborales, de salud y nivel de estrés laboral) a trabajadores de la región de Ñuble. Resultados: De los 260 trabajadores evaluados, el 57,3% reportó síntomas de enfermedad cardiovascular, que se relacionan al nivel de estrés de los trabajadores y también al sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, rubro laboral y percepción de carga laboral excesiva. Conclusiones: Este estudio concluye que la percepción de síntomas de enfermedad cardiovascular, esta relacionada al nivel y gravedad del estrés laboral (AU)

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death worldwide, their appearance is influenced by psychosocial factors, one of them is stress. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the level of work stress and the perception of symptoms of cardiovascular diseases in workers in the Ñuble Region, in Chile. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study, developed through online surveys (sociodemographic, labor, health and level of work stress) to workers in the Ñuble region. Results: Of the 260 workers evaluated, 57.3% reported symptoms of cardiovascular disease, which are related to the stress level of the workers and also to sex, age, level of education, work category and perception of excessive workload. Conclusions: This study concludes that the perception of symptoms of cardiovascular disease is related to the level and severity of work stress (AU)

Screen-Based Sedentary Behaviors and Their Association With Metabolic Syndrome Components Among Adults in Mexico.

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 25% of the adult population worldwide and 49.8% of Mexican adults have metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is the result of unhealthy dietary and sleeping patterns, sedentary behaviors, and physical inactivity. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association between sedentary behaviors as screen-based sedentary time (SBST) and each component of metabolic syndrome among adults who participated in the Mexico National Survey of Health and Nutrition Mid-way 2016. METHODS: We analyzed sociodemographic, clinical, and physical activity data from 3,166 adults aged 20 years or older. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate sedentary behavior. SBST was obtained by counting minutes per week spent watching television, playing video games, and interacting with computers and smartphones. We used Poisson regression to estimate the prevalence ratio of time in front of screens as a continuous variable and its association with metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The mean (SD) hours per day of SBST in men was 3.6 (0.4) and in women was 2.8 (0.2). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 59.6%. In men, the risk for metabolic syndrome increased 4% (P < .05) for each hour of SBST. Similarly, for each hour of SBST, the risk of abdominal obesity increased by 4% (P < .01). In women, we observed that the risk of hypertension or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol deficiency increased for each hour of SBST, and the risk of abdominal obesity increased for each hour of SBST in those who were inactive. CONCLUSION: Sedentary behavior based on screen time is associated with metabolic syndrome and its components among Mexicans, depending on hours of sleep. Current public health policies should consider strategies for reducing SBST.

Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study.

INTRODUCTION: Dental care is provided for high-performance athletes at national and international sports events. Elite athletes may seek care for sports-related injuries and pre-existing oral diseases. Previous studies indicate an association between oral health problems and negative performance impacts in elite athletes. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of the most common oral pathologies in high-performance athletes during the emergency dental care performed at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games (JPL-19). METHODOLOGY: All reports of athletes (≥18 years old, of both sexes, from 41 countries) who received emergency dental care at Pan American Villas during the JPL-19 were included. Injuries and types of oral diseases were classified according to the Injury and Disease Surveillance System proposed by the International Olympic Committee. RESULTS: Of the 6680 participating athletes, 76 (1.14%) presented as dental emergencies, 90.8% (69/76) of the athletes seen presented pre-existing oral pathological conditions, the most frequent were periodontal diseases (34%, 26/76) and dental caries (29%, 22/76). Among the sports with the most cases, there were 22 (29%) in athletics, 6 (8%) in soccer, and 6 (8%) in taekwondo. The most frequent dental emergencies came from Peru, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Grenada, and Venezuela. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing oral diseases were more frequent than sports-related accidents. The most prevalent diseases were periodontal disease and dental caries disease. It is necessary to implement new care strategies for athletes, based on prevention, before and during sports competitions.

Intra Vitam Diagnosis of Neglected Gurltia paralysans Infections in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) by a Commercial Serology Test for Canine Angiostrongylosis and Insights into Clinical and Histopathological Findings-Four-Case Report.

Gurltia paralysans is a metastrongyloid nematode which belongs to the Angiostrongylidae family and presents tropism for veins of the subarachnoid space in vivo of domestic and wild felids causing a progressive and chronic clinical manifestation of paraparesis/paraplegia. The geographic distribution of G. paralysans includes rural and periurban areas of South America and was recently reported in Europe. To date, a definitive diagnosis of feline gurltiosis is still conducted by post-mortem examination of the spinal cord in affected animals. A presumptive diagnosis of feline gurltiosis can also be achieved based on data of compatible clinical signs and associated epidemiological risk factors. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the commercial serological test Angio Detect TM® (IDEXX Laboratories) as a possible diagnostic method of feline gurltiosis in vivo. For the study, 10 domestic felines (Felis catus) which originated from a high endemic area of Southern Chile, were analyzed. All felines presented chronic paraparesis or severe paraplegia. Subsequently, commercial Angio Detect TM® serological tests for the detection of closely related Angiostrongylus vasorum in canids were performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Conducted serological tests were positive in seven of ten felines showing paraplegia/paraparesis and presumably infected with G. paralysans, and four of them were additionally necropsied, and presented macroscopic findings compatible with feline gurltiosis. Furthermore, the presence of adult female and male G. paralysans specimens at the level of the subarachnoid vasculature in affected spinal cord segments were observed during necropsy. Histopathology demonstrated severe eosinophilic meningomyelitis, coagulopathies with thrombosis in G. paralysans-parasitized leptomeningeal veins. Results of this preliminary study suggest a cross-reaction between A. vasorum-specific antigens, which also parasitize blood vessels in vivo, and G. paralysans when using an Angio Detect TM® test, which suggests its helpful use as a new diagnostic method for feline gurltiosis in live domestic felines. Additional specific antigen research will be required in order to better understand the sensitivity and specificity of A. vasorum antigens used in this test and for existing cross-reactivity with G. paralysans-derived antigens for future a suitable intra vitam immunodiagnosis of neglected feline gurltiosis.

Residualization: justification, properties and application.

Although it is usual to find collinearity in econometric models, it is commonly disregarded. An extended solution is to eliminate the variable causing the problem but, in some cases, this decision can affect the goal of the research. Alternatively, residualization not only allows mitigation of collinearity, but it also provides an alternative interpretation of the coefficients isolating the effect of the residualized variable. This paper fully develops the residualization procedure and justifies its application not only for dealing with multicollinearity but also for separating the individual effects of the regressor variables. This contribution is illustrated by two econometric models with financial and ecological data, although it can also be extended to many different fields.

Edificios usados como refugios por murciélagos en un campus universitario del piedemonte llanero de Colombia / Buildings used as roosts by bats in a university campus in the eastern foothills of Colombia / Predios usados como abrigos de morcegos no campus universitario nos contrafortes orientais da Colômbia

Resumen Algunos murciélagos ocupan ambientes altamente modificados por los humanos, y en Colombia poco sabemos sobre su historia natural en ambientes urbanos. Por ello estudiamos los edificios utilizados por murciélagos como refugios en un campus universitario en Villavicencio, Meta, piedemonte llanero colombiano. Medimos la altura al sitio de percha, cobertura del dosel y distancia al poste de luz más cercano para cada refugio. Identificamos 13 edificios con 15 refugios; siete usados por Saccopteryx leptura, cuatro por Carollia perspicillata, tres por Molossus molossus, y dos por Phyllostomus elongatus. En un caso, M. molossus y C. perspicillata compartieron refugio. La altura al sitio de percha, cobertura del dosel y distancia a postes de luz fue considerablemente variable entre refugios. Los refugios se encontraron entre 1.83-13.5 m de altura, y coberturas de dosel y distancia a postes entre 22.75-87.5%, y 3.5-39.92 m, respectivamente. El número de individuos en los refugios de S. leptura se correlacionó positivamente con la distancia al poste de luz más cercano y la altura del sitio de percha. Así, esas características de los refugios artificiales parecen relacionarse con su calidad para S. leptura. Sugerimos evitar los refugios en sitios de trabajo cercanos a personas, para reducir conflictos entre humanos y murciélagos en el campus por la posibilidad de transmisión de enfermedades. También sugerimos evaluar el uso de refugios artificiales, e.g., cajas para murciélagos, como alternativas a los edificios para mantener los servicios ecosistémicos brindados por los murciélagos en el campus.

Abstract Several bat species are able to use environments highly modified by humans, and in Colombia, little is known about the natural history of urban bats. Consequently, we studied the buildings used by bats as roosts in a university campus in the foothills of the Eastern Cordillera in Villavicencio, Meta. We measured for each roosting site: height to the perching site, tree cover, and distance to light poles. We identified 13 buildings with 15 roosting sites; seven were used by Saccopteryx leptura (Lesser Sac-winged Bat), four by Carollia perspicillata (Seba's Short-tailed Bat), three by Molossus molossus (Pallas's Mastiff Bat), and two by Phyllostomus elongatus (Lesser Spear-nosed Bat). Molossus molossus and C. perspicillata shared one roosting site. Height to the perching site, canopy cover, and distance to light poles were highly variable. The roosts were between 1.83-13.5 m, whereas tree cover and distances to light poles were between 22.75-87.5%, and 3.5-39.92 m, respectively. The number of individuals within the roosts of S. leptura was positively correlated to the distance to the nearest pole and the height of the perch site. Thus, these characteristics of the artificial roosting sites appear to be related to site quality for this bat species. We suggest avoiding roosts in work places close to people to reduce conflicts between bats and humans on campus, due to the likelihood of disease transmission. We also suggest evaluating the use of artificial roosting sites, such as bat boxes, as alternatives to buildings to maintain the ecosystem services provided by these mammals on campus.

Resumo Alguns morcegos têm-se adaptado a abitar entornos urbanos, e conviver com os humanos, na Colômbia é pouco o que se conhece sobre sua história natural nestas condições. Portanto se estudaram os prédios de um campus universitário usados pelos morcegos como refúgios na cidade de Villavicencio, Meta, no piedemonte das planícies orientais colombianas. A altura do refúgio, a cobertura do dossel, e a distância entre os postes da iluminação pública foram medidos. Se identificaram 15 refúgios em 13 prédios, sete eram utilizados por Saccopteryx leptura, quatro por Carollia perspicillata, três por Molossus molossus e dois por Phyllostomus elongatus. Só num caso M. molossus e C. perspicillata achavam-se juntos. A altura, cobertura do dossel y a distância entre os postes foram consideravelmente variáveis entre os refúgios, que se encontravam entre 1,83-13,5 m de altura, a cobertura do dossel e a distancias entre postes foram de entre 22.75-87.5% e 3.5-39.92 m, respectivamente. Achou-se uma correlação positiva entre a distância ao poste mais perto e a altura de penduragem, com a quantidade de indivíduos nos refúgios de S. leptura. Assim, para esta espécie, estas características dos refúgios artificiais aparentemente se relacionam com a qualidade. Se sugere evitar os refúgios nos lugares de trabalho pertos aos humanos para reducir conflitos entre as espécies pela aparição de doenças. Também se aconselha avaliar a utilização de refúgios artificiais, como caixas para morcegos, como alternativas aos prédios para manter os serviços ecossistêmicos oferecidos pelos morcegos no campus.

Ethnographic analysis of communication and the deaf community's rights in the clinical context.

BACKGROUND: Communication is a key factor in the health system. In the case of Deaf Community healthcare interactions could be affected by communication and it can also have a negative impact on health and jeopardise some of their health rights. OBJECTIVES: Aims (i) know the communication access difficulties of deaf people in healthcare context (ii) determine how these difficulties violate their rights. METHODS: Ethnographical study. RESULTS: Subjects were 25 deaf adults (7 men; 18 women). Two themes were identified (1) barriers to information access - right to information; (2) communication barriers - right to privacy and to decide. CONCLUSIONS: Communication difficulties and access to information have an impact on the health of deaf people, and violate health rights. In addition, their language rights like a community are also violate. Impact statement: Research could have a positive impact on improvement to access, communication and safe in the Deaf Community, in a clinical context.

Enfermedades autoinmunes en población geriátrica en un Hospital Universitario de Santander / Autoimmune diseases in geriatric population at a University Hospital of Santander

Introducción y Objetivo: La enfermedades autoinmunes están relacionadas con alteraciones en la inmunidad que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en población joven, no existe evidencia clara sobre las enfermedades autoinmunes en los adultos mayores, debido a que prevalecen otras enfermedades que pudieran estar relacionadas con el proceso de envejecimiento. Nuestro objetivo es realizar una descripción de las enfermedades autoinmunes en pacientes geriátricos del Hospital Universitario de Santander, Colombia.

Clasificación y distribución de las enfermedades autoinmunes en un hospital de referencia en el nororiente colombiano / Classification and distribution of autoimmune diseases in a hospital of reference in the Northeast Colombian

Introducción y Objetivo:Las enfermedades autoinmunes pertenecen a un complejo de enfermedades que usualmente son de difícil diagnóstico, en ocasiones son poco conocidas por el cuerpo médico y que denotan un reto diagnóstico, no existen datos sobre la distribución y clasificación en Colombia. El objetivo es realizar una clasificación de las enfermedades autoinmunes basadas en la literatura y conocer la distribución de estas enfermedades en nuestro hospital. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo, la población de estudio fue pacientes con enfermedades autoinmune en el Hospital Universitario de Santander entre el 2012 y el 2016, posteriormente se realizó la distribución de los pacientes por subgrupos basados en su clasificación. Resultados: Se analizó una muestra de 1.463 pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes, la edad promedio fue de 46,6 años, con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres 1.043 (71%). De 37 enfermedades seleccionadas se encontraron 31. Las enfermedades autoinmunes se clasificaron en Enfermedades sistémicas y Órgano-Específicas, con un total de 637 (43%) y 826 (57%) respectivamente, las enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas se subclasificarón en enfermedades del tejido conectivo con 616 (97%) pacientes y enfermedades del tejido mixto conectivo con 21 (3%) pacientes

Caracterización clínica de los pacientes con púrpura trombocitopénica inmune en un hospital universitario en Colombia / Clinical characterization of patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura in university hospital in Colombia

Introducción y Objetivo: La púrpura trombocitopénica inmune es un síndrome en el que la pérdida de tolerancia a las glicoproteínas de la plaqueta y el megacariocito conlleva a la autoinmunidad y posterior destrucción de esta línea celular. El objetivo del presente estudio es observar las variables clínicas en una cohorte de pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Santander, Colombia. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo, la población de estudio fueron pacientes con púrpura trombocitopénica inmune en el Hospital Universitario de Santander entre el 2012 y el 2016 en pacientes mayores de 13 años.

Manifestaciones dermatológicas de las enfermedades autoinmunes en un hospital universitario / Dermatologic Manifestations of autoimmune diseases at a university hospital

Introducción y objetivo: Las manifestaciones dermatológicas son frecuentes en las enfer-medades autoinmunes, sin embargo la proporción de presentación varía dependiendo de la enfermedad y de factores genéticos, epigenéticos y ambientales. En algunas enfermedades autoinmunes se ha estudiado ampliamente el compromiso cutáneo como un órgano afec-tado secundariamente por la enfermedad, mientras que en otras el órgano blanco, afectado primariamente, es la piel. No hay evidencia conocida de las manifestaciones dermatológicas agrupadas en un solo estudio. Por lo tanto, en este estudio se describen y clasifican las ma-nifestaciones dermatológicas de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Métodos: Estudio observa-cional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo. La población estudio fueron pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunes con manifestaciones dermatológicas en un hospital universi-tario de Colombia entre los años 2012-2016 en pacientes mayores de 13 años.

Características clínicas de los pacientes con pénfigo en la valoración dermatológica de un hospital de alta complejidad / Clinical characteristics of patients with Pemphigus in the dermatological evaluation of a high complexity hospital

Introducción y objetivo: El pénfigo es una enfermedad autoinmune dermatológica que pro-duce lesiones ampollosas por la acción de anticuerpos contra proteínas en los desmosomas, provocando pérdida de la cohesión de las células epidérmicas, generando múltiples manifesta-ciones dermatológicas. El objetivo es describir una serie de pacientes con pénfigo valorados por dermatología. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo.

Caracterización clínica y sociodemográfica de pacientes con psoriasis en un hospital universitario en Colombia / Clinical characterization and socio-demographic of patients with psoriasis at a university hospital in Colombia

Introducción y objetivo: La psoriasis es una enfermedad inflamatoria sistémica que afecta la piel, tiene predisposición genética y está mediada por mecanismos inmunológicos. Se presenta en 2% de la población occidental. En Colombia no hay datos epidemiológicos que permitan hacer una caracterización clínica. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer e identificar las prin-cipales variables clínicas y sociodemográficas de pacientes con diagnóstico de psoriasis en un Hospital Universitario de Colombia. Métodos: Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal retrospectivo. La población estudio fueron pacientes de 13 a 90 años que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario de Santander entre 2012-2016.

Perfil clínico y sociodemográfico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en un hospital universitario en Colombia / Clinical profile and socio-demographic of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 in a university hospital in Colombia

Introducción y objetivo: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (T1D) es una enfermedad autoinmu-ne causada por múltiples factores ambientales y genéticos que conducen a la destrucción autoinmune de células ß pancreáticas productoras de insulina. Presenta un trío clásico de síntomas, tales como, polidipsia, polifagia, poliuria que se manifiesta junto con la hiperglu-cemia. En el presente estudio se describen los casos de T1D atendidos en un hospital univer-sitario. Metodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo. La población estudio fueron pacientes con T1D que ingresaron a un hospital universitario de Colombia, período comprendido entre los años 2012-2016 en pacientes mayores de 13 años.

Chilean Adaptation and Validation of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised Version.

The aim of this study was to develop an adapted version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised (EATQ-R) that would be valid and reliable for assessing temperament and its components in Chileans between 12 and 18 years of age. Originally, Ellis and Rothbart (2001) developed this questionnaire (EATQ-R) to be used in North American adolescents. For the study in Chile, a translation protocol was developed, to maintain the original instrument's cultural and linguistic equivalence in the adapted version. Psychometric properties of the EATQ-R, such as factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity, were also assessed. The adaption and validation was carried out in two stages, with two different studies. The first study, which included 612 adolescent students from educational establishments in the cities of Santiago and Concepcion, Chile, developed the Chilean version of the 83-item EATQ-R, which has 13 dimensions, belonging to 4 theoretical factors with adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79-0.82). The second study assessed the questionnaire's convergent validity, through its application to 973 adolescent students in Santiago. Results show that the effortful control subscale was significantly inversely related to indicators of adolescent maladjustment, such as substance abuse and behavioral problems. In addition, it was directly associated with indicators of self-concept, including self-esteem and self-efficacy. The opposite pattern was observed when considering negative affect. These findings coincide with current knowledge on the relationship between temperament and adjustment in adolescents.