RESUMO
La apropiada nutrición es esencial para la vida. A través de los nutrientes, se constituyen los componentes necesarios para el buen funcionamiento del organismo que incluyen aquellos que forman parte del sistema inmune. Una respuesta inmune efectiva, representa una línea de defensa importante del huésped frente a alteraciones diversas como la transformación de células normales en neoplásicas. En el proceso de carcinogénesis, la asociación de malnutrición y "escapes" del control del sistema inmune son frecuentemente observadas. Las modificaciones del sistema inmune pueden ser más intensas cuando se trata de un tumor establecido, dado que se adicionan otros factores propios de los regímenes terapéuticos que conllevan cambios, desde discretos a severos, en el consumo energético habitual en donde intervienen mecanismos de inflamación. En el presente trabajo se realiza una revisión de las asociaciones de la nutrición con el origen del cáncer y el funcionamiento del Sistema inmune, así como la posibilidad terapéutica de componentes de la nutrición en cáncer. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 51:30-36, 2014 Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.
Good nutrition is essential for life. Nutrients provide, the necessary components for normal body functioning, including those required by the immune system. An effective immune response represents a first line of defense of the host against various abnormal changes, such as transformation of normal cells into cancer cells. During carcinogenesis, an association between malnutrition and escapes from immune system control is frequently observed. In addition, changes in the immune system can be more marked in cases of established tumors, because of other contributing factors inherent to therapies that also produce discrete to severe changes in the usual energy consumption with the intervention of inflammation mechanisms. In this paper, we review the associations between nutrition, the origin of cancer and immune system functioning, as well as the therapeutic potential of nutritional components in cancer. Rev Argent Endocrinol Metab 51:30-36, 2014 No financial conflicts of interest exist.
RESUMO
For the first time in Venezuela, a case of canine demodicosis apparently caused by a simultaneous infection with an unclassified Demodex and Demodex canis has been observed. The most severely affected area of the dog involved, a 3-month-old male Doberman Pinscher, was the head, particularly the peri-orbital skin. Skin samples of the affected areas were taken and evaluated by both light and scanning electron microscopy. The mites of the unclassified Demodex were smaller than those of D. canis and appeared relatively stout. In the skin scrapings, D. canis outnumbered the unclassified Demodex by a ratio of 30:1, making it unclear if the unclassified Demodex is pathogenic to dogs. A combination of superficial and deep skin scrapings, from a suspected case of demodicosis, may help to reveal other infestations of the unclassified Demodex that would otherwise be masked by concurrent infections with D. canis.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Ácaros/classificação , Animais , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Masculino , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , VenezuelaRESUMO
The seroprevalence of trypanosomiasis and the prevalence of current trypanosome infection in water buffaloes from the most important livestock areas of Venezuela were evaluated by IFAT and the microhaematocrit centrifugation technique, respectively. The usefulness of a PCR-based assay for identifying the trypanosome species in the buffaloes was also evaluated. Of the 644 animals investigated, 40 (6.2%) were found infected with trypanosomes by blood centrifugation, and 196 (30.4%) were found positive for anti-trypanosome antibodies, by IFAT. The results of the PCR-based assay indicated that 92.5% of the animals with current infections were infected with Trypanosoma vivax and the rest with T. theileri (the first molecular confirmation of T. theileri in Venezuelan water buffaloes). The national programme to treat and prevent trypanosome infections in the buffaloes does not appear to be meeting with great success, even though it is focused on T. vivax. Although the level of parasitaemia was categorized as low for 28 (70%) of the infections detected (and packed-cell volumes appeared to be unassociated with IFAT result, and uncorrelated, in the infected animals, with level of parasitaemia), the 40 infected buffaloes had a significantly lower mean packed-cell volume than the uninfected animals (P<0.05). Farmers should therefore be made aware of the probability of trypanosome-attributable losses in buffalo productivity.
Assuntos
Búfalos/parasitologia , Hematócrito , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Animais , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Parasitemia/diagnóstico , Parasitemia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Trypanosoma/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase/sangue , Tripanossomíase/epidemiologia , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The usefulness of PCR-based assays for detecting trypanosomiasis in water buffaloes and other livestock was explored, under field conditions, in Venezuela. The sensitivity and specificity of the assays, which were based on established primer pairs (21-mer/22-mer and ILO1264/ILO1265), were evaluated, partly by comparison with the results of parasitological tests (stained bloodsmears and microhaematocrit centrifugation) and immunological assays (IFAT) run in parallel. The optimised PCR-based assays showed a sensitivity of 10 pg DNA. The use of the 21-mer/22-mer primer pair gave a test that was specific for species in the subgenus Trypanozoon (including Trypanosoma evansi), whereas use of ILO1264/ILO1265 produced a test that was specific for T. vivax. The results of a hybridization assay using T. evansi-DNA and T. vivax-DNA probes indicated no cross-hybridization between the T. evansi and T. vivax PCR products.The results of the bloodsmear examinations, microhaematocrit centrifugations (MHC) and IFAT indicated that 23 (6.7%), 39 (11.4%) and 135 (39.5%) of the 342 blood samples investigated (including 316 from water buffaloes) contained trypanosomes, respectively. The results of the PCR-based assays indicated that 68 (19.9%) of the same blood samples contained T. vivax (or at least T. vivax DNA), and that none contained T. evansi or any other member of the subgenus Trypanozoon. For the detection of trypanosomes, the assay therefore appeared almost twice as sensitive as the MHC. These results are the first on the molecular characterization of the trypanosomes infecting water buffaloes in Venezuela. When the results of the MHC (which is the most practical, and frequently used, alternative detection method) were used as the gold standard, the PCR-based assay for T. vivax was found to have 100% sensitivity, 90.4% specificity, a positive predictive value of 0.57, a positive likelihood ratio of 10.45, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.00. The assay therefore appears a reasonable choice for detecting T. vivax in the mammalian livestock of Venezuela and elsewhere.
Assuntos
Búfalos/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/métodos , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Cavalos/parasitologia , Cavalos/parasitologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Ovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Ovinos/parasitologia , Trypanosoma vivax/isolamento & purificação , Tripanossomíase/diagnóstico , Tripanossomíase/parasitologia , Tripanossomíase Bovina/diagnóstico , Tripanossomíase Bovina/parasitologiaRESUMO
En el presente trabajo se hace un resumen de los factores más importantes y las técnicas de ensayo más usuales en laboratorio para evaluar los problemas de corrosión en materiales en las redes de distribución de agua potable y cloacal, así como algunos ejemplos de aplicación en concreto de nuestro medio
Assuntos
Corrosão , Tubulações , Redes de Distribuição de ÁguaRESUMO
En el presente trabajo se hace un resumen de los factores más importantes y las técnicas de ensayo más usuales en laboratorio para evaluar los problemas de corrosión en materiales en las redes de distribución de agua potable y cloacal, así como algunos ejemplos de aplicación en concreto de nuestro medio
Assuntos
Corrosão , Redes de Distribuição de Água , TubulaçõesRESUMO
El presente trabajo resume los factores mas importantes y las tecnicas de ensayo mas usuales en el laboratorio para evaluar estos factores así como algunos ejemplos de aplicación en concreto. Se trata de la corrosión en suelos y en cañerías de agua. El artículo se publicó en Ingeniría Sanitaria y Ambiental 1996-28 pag 34-36
Assuntos
Corrosão , Tubulações , ÁguaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de la prevalencia de signos y sintomas de la disfunción témporomandibular utilizando los indices anamnésicos y clínicos de Helkimo en 1010 pacientes de 15 años y más, de uno y otro sexo en la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus. La muestra estudiada presentó una prevalencia de 30,4 porciento de disfunción anamnésicas y 42,7 porciento de disfunción clínica. No encontramos en este estudio relación de dependencia entre el sexo y la disfunción, ni entre esta y la edad. Según el indice clínico los signos y sintomas más frecuentes detectados fueron los ruidos articulares, el dolor a la palpación lateral de las A.T.M. y el moviento de apertura ligeramente alterado (30-39mm.). (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio de la prevalencia de signos y síntomas de la disfunción témporomandibular utilizando los índices anamnésicos y clínicos de Helkimo en 1010 pacientes de 15 años y más, de uno y otro sexo en la ciudad de Sancti Spíritus. La muestra estudiada presentó una prevalencia de 30,4 porciento de disfunción anamnésicas y 42,7 porciento de disfunción clínica. No encontramos en este estudio relación de dependencia entre el sexo y la disfunción, ni entre esta y la edad. Según el índice clínico los signos y síntomas más frecuentes detectados fueron los ruidos articulares, el dolor a la palpación lateral de las A.T.M. y el moviento de apertura ligeramente alterado (30-39mm.). (AU)