Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) as a Biomarker of Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction and subsequent inflammation contribute to the development of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is upregulated in endothelial dysfunction and promotes an inflammatory response; however, the relationship between sICAM-1 and VCI remains equivocal. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sICAM-1 contributes to the prediction of VCI. METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults (n = 172) from the "Cohort of Obesity, Sarcopenia and Frailty of Older Mexican Adults" (COSFOMA) study were identified as VCI or controls using standard neuropsychological evaluations and neuroimaging. sICAM-1 was quantified using ELISA, and multivariate logistic regression determined the association between sICAM-1 and VCI. RESULTS: A total of 31 VCI cases were identified. sICAM-1 was higher in VCI (VCI: 450.7 [241.6] ng/mL vs. controls: 296.9 [140.9] ng/mL). sICAM-1 concentrations above the 90th percentile (464.1 ng/mL) were associated with VCI group membership in all models (OR: 6.9, 95% CI: 1.1-42.2). The final saturated model explained 64% of the variance in VCI group membership. CONCLUSION: High concentrations of sICAM-1 are independently associated with VCI group membership. Efforts to further characterize the relationship between indices of endothelial dysfunction and pathological changes to the aging brain should be further pursued.

Dimensiones de la relación interpersonal del profesional de enfermería en una unidad de segundo nivel / Dimensions of interpersonal relationship of the nursing professional in a second-level unit

Introducción: las relaciones interpersonales tienen gran variedad de contextos. La familia y el trabajo son la base de los grupos sociales y de la sociedad en su conjunto. Objetivo: describir las dimensiones de la relación interpersonal del profesional de enfermería en una unidad de segundo nivel. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, en el que se incluyeron 75 profesionales de enfermería. Se elaboró un instrumento validado por ronda de expertos, con alfa de Cronbach de 0.960, el cual estuvo conformado por tres dimensiones (comunicación, trabajo en equipo y manejo de conflictos) y tuvo un total de 53 ítems, elaborados con la técnica de Likert. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados: las relaciones interpersonales fueron regulares (54.7%). Al hacer las correlaciones de comunicación, trabajo en equipo y manejo de conflictos se encontró una p < 0.005. Conclusiones: el nivel regular de las relaciones interpersonales en el profesional de enfermería ofrece un área de oportunidad para mejorarlas.

Introduction: Interpersonal relationships have a great variety of contexts. Family and work are the bases of social groups and society as a whole. Objective: To describe the dimensions of the interpersonal relationship of the nursing professional in a second level unit. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study including 75 nursing professional. An instrument validated by an expert round, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.960, was elaborated. This instrument was formed by three dimensions communication, teamwork and conflicto management) with a total of 53 items, made with a Likert scale. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were used. Results: Interpersonal relationships were regular (54.7%). Once the correlations of communication, teamwork and conflict management were made, a significance of p < 0.005 was found. Conclusions: Interpersonal relationships were at a regular level, suggesting windows of opportunity to improve interpersonal relationships in nursing.