Diagnóstico y tratamiento urgente de la ruptura de un pseudoaneurisma mucormicótico pulmonar / Diagnosis and Emergency Treatment of Ruptured Mucormycotic Pulmonary Pseudoaneurism

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Phosphate-Based Self-Immolative Linkers for Tuneable Double Cargo Release.

Invited for the cover of this issue are Eliska Procházková, Ondrej Baszczynski, and colleagues at IOCB (Prague) and Charles University (Prague). The image depicts phosphorus-based, double-cargo, self-immolative linkers capable of releasing both cargos sequentially after activation by light. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101805.

Phosphate-Based Self-Immolative Linkers for Tuneable Double Cargo Release.

Phosphorus-based self-immolative (SI) linkers offer a wide range of applications, such as smart materials and drug-delivery systems. Phosphorus SI linkers are ideal candidates for double-cargo delivery platforms because they have a higher valency than carbon. A series of substituted phosphate linkers was designed for releasing two phenolic cargos through SI followed by chemical hydrolysis. Suitable modifications of the lactate spacer increased the cargo release rate significantly, from 1 day to 2 hours or 5 minutes, as shown for linkers containing p-fluoro phenol. In turn, double cargo linkers bearing p-methyl phenol released their cargo more slowly (4 days, 4 hours, and 15 minutes) than their p-fluoro analogues. The α-hydroxyisobutyrate linker released both cargos in 25 minutes. Our study expands the current portfolio of SI constructs by providing a double cargo delivery option, which is crucial to develop universal SI platforms.

Lesiones papilares intraductales mamarias: nuestra experiencia 2007-2017 / Intraductal papillary lesions of the breast: our experience 2007-2017

OBJETIVOS: Revisión y análisis de los casos de lesiones papilares intraductales mamarias diagnosticados en nuestro centro entre enero del 2007 y diciembre del 2017. Estudiar la asociación de las lesiones papilares con el cáncer de mama. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo utilizando la base de datos de Anatomía Patológica. Se incluyó a 135 pacientes que en el periodo descrito tuvieron un diagnóstico anatomopatológico de lesión papilar (papiloma benigno aislado, papilomatosis múltiple, papiloma con carcinoma in situ, papiloma con atipia o carcinoma papilar intraductal). Las variables principales a analizar fueron la edad de las pacientes, las pruebas diagnósticas realizadas, la presencia de lesiones de mayor grado asociadas a la lesión papilar y el desarrollo de neoplasia de mama durante el seguimiento. RESULTADOS: La edad media de las pacientes fue de 50 años. La ductoscopia demostró ser una prueba con alta sensibilidad diagnóstica (88%). En 12 casos (9%) existía carcinoma en la lesión papilar o en sus alrededores (8 carcinomas in situ y 4 infiltrantes) y en 4 casos (3%) encontramos hiperplasia atípica asociada. Con un seguimiento medio de 34 meses, 6 pacientes tuvieron una recidiva en forma de lesión papilar (una papilomatosis múltiple y 5 papilomas), 3 pacientes recidivaron en forma de lesión neoplásica y una paciente desarrolló una neoplasia contralateral. CONCLUSIONES: Ante la sospecha de una lesión papilar y la presencia de secreción por el pezón, debemos considerar la realización de una ductoscopia por su alta sensibilidad. La alta incidencia de una neoplasia asociada a la lesión papilar o su aparición durante el seguimiento justifica su exéresis quirúrgica completa y un seguimiento estricto

OBJECTIVES: To provide a review and analysis of cases of intraductal papillary breast lesions diagnosed at our centre between January 2007 and December 2017, and to study the association between papillary lesions and breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective descriptive study using the pathology database of our centre. We included 135 patients with a pathological diagnosis of papillary lesion (isolated benign papilloma, multiple papillomatosis, papilloma with carcinoma in situ, papilloma with atypia or intraductal papillary carcinoma). The main variables were age, the diagnostic procedures performed, the presence of higher-grade lesions associated with the papillary lesion, and the development of breast neoplasms during follow-up. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 50 years. Ductoscopy had high sensitivity (88%). Twelve patients (9%) had carcinomas on the papillary lesion or its surrounding areas (8 carcinomas in situ and 4infiltrating carcinomas) and 4 patients (3%) had associated atypical hyperplasia. With a mean follow-up of 34 months, 6 patients had recurrence as a papillary lesion (one multiple papillomatosis and 5papillomas), 3 patients relapsed with a neoplastic lesion, and one patient developed a contralateral neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: In the presence of a suspected papillary lesion and nipple secretion, ductoscopy should be considered due to its high sensitivity. The high incidence of neoplasms associated with papillary lesions or their development during follow-up justifies their complete surgical excision and strict follow-up

Carcinoma escamoso con cambios quísticos asociado a embarazo / Pregnancy-associated squamous cell carcinoma with cystic changes

El cáncer de mama asociado al embarazo representa una compleja situación clínica por la dificultad de su diagnóstico. La clínica principal del cáncer de mama gestacional es el nódulo palpable, sin embargo, debido a los cambios fisiológicos que se producen en la glándula durante el embarazo o la lactancia, el diagnóstico es especialmente difícil, lo que provoca un retraso en el diagnóstico. El carcinoma escamoso es un subtipo histológico raro, que representa menos del 0,5% de los cánceres de mama. Se trata de un tipo de tumor que suele presentarse en forma de masa quística y cuyo diagnóstico puede confundirse con una entidad benigna. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 35 años diagnosticada de un carcinoma escamoso de mama tras múltiples ingresos médicos por sospecha de galactoceles y mastitis. El cáncer de mama debe ser el primer diagnóstico diferencial que tener en cuenta ante un nódulo persistente que no mejora tras tratamiento médico y es importante pensar en el carcinoma escamoso en caso de que se trate de una masa quística o absceso mamario

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer represents a complex clinical situation due to the difficulty of diagnosis. The main clinical feature is a palpable nodule. However, due to the physiological changes that occur in the gland during pregnancy or lactation, diagnosis is especially difficult and sometimes delayed. Squamous cell carcinoma is a rare histological subtype, representing less than 0.5% of breast cancers. It usually presents as a cystic mass that can be mistaken for a benign entity. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast after multiple medical admissions due to suspicion of galactoceles and mastitis. Breast cancer should be the first differential diagnosis to consider in the presence of a persistent nodule that does not improve after medical treatment and it is important consider squamous cell carcinoma if there is a cystic mass or breast abscess

Diagnóstico prenatal de corioangioma placentario y gestación a término / Prenatal diagnosis of placental chorioangioma and term pregnancy

El corioangioma es el tumor benigno placentario más frecuente. Se presenta en aproximadamente un 1% de las gestaciones. El diagnoótico del corioangioma se realiza fundamentalmente en el segundo o tercer trimestre y se basa en el estudio ecográfico. Se presenta el caso de un corioangioma gigante de 8,5 cm que finaliza en una gestación a término(AU)

Chorioangioma is the most frequent benign placental tumor, with a reported incidence of 1%. Diagnosis is made by ultrasound during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. We report a case of a giant chorioangioma (8.5 cm) in a woman who carried the pregnancy to term(AU)

Evaluation of the effect of pollution and fungal disease on Pinus radiata pollen allergenicity.

BACKGROUND: Pollutants and other stressing factors like mold infection might increase the production of pathogen-related proteins in plants. Since this is invoked as one of the causes for the high prevalence of allergic diseases in developed countries, we aimed to determine the potential effect of environmental pollution, with or without mold infection of the trees, on the allergenic potency of pine pollen (Pinus radiata). METHODS: Pine pollen samples were recovered from three selected areas: low polluted (A), highly polluted (B) and highly polluted and infected with fungi (Spheropsis sapinea) (C). The allergenic potency of pollen from areas A, B or C were compared in vivo in 35 pine pollen-allergic patients by skin prick test and specific IgE (sIgE) quantification. Pollen was also analyzed in vitro by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting, RAST inhibition and cDNA-AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) to compare differences in proteins and mRNA expression. RESULTS: The allergenic potency measured by prick test, sIgE and RAST inhibition was greater in pollen A, which was exposed to smaller amounts of NO(x), PM(10) and SO(2) but greater amounts of O(3). No differences were found in IgE-binding bands in immunoblotting or densitometry of the bands. In cDNA-AFLP, three homologous transcript-derived fragments were expressed in samples B only, with an expressed sequence tag related with stress-regulated gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: A greater allergenic potency, in terms of skin tests and sIgE, is observed in pine pollen coming from unpolluted areas. We consider that this fact might be related to a higher exposure to ozone, resulting in a greater expression of allergenic proteins.