Gestão da educação de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família / Education management of nurses of the Family Health Strategy / Gestión de la educación de enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia

Objetivo: identificar as características do desenvolvimento profissional, as necessidades de educação permanente e as qualificações mais importantes vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, do tipo estudo de caso, realizado entre julho e setembro de 2019, com 64 enfermeiros. A coleta ocorreu por meio de um questionário, adaptado ao Google Forms®e analisados utilizando software R COMPLETAR. Resultados: 60,9% dos enfermeiros participaram de eventos científicos; 37,5% utilizam de jornais e revistas como principal fonte de leitura; 62,5% acessam a internet com frequência, sendo as redes sociais pessoais as mais utilizadas (45,3%). Nos últimos doze meses, 56,2% afirmaram que participaram de aprimoramento técnico-científico. Entre aquelesque não participaram, o principal motivo foi a distância (20,3%). Dentre as qualificações mais importantes realizadas, estão temas relacionados àsaúde pública e da família (39%), citadas por 18,1% como necessidade.Conclusão: os enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família demonstraram grande envolvimento com atividades de aprimoramento técnico-científico e/ou qualificação profissional, com destaquepara a participação em eventos científicos na área da Enfermagem. Há uma forte influência da prática laboral no processo de qualificação profissional.

Objective:to identify the characteristics of professional development, continuing education needs, and the most important qualifications experienced by nurses. Method:cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study, case study type, conducted between July and September 2019, with 64 nurses. The collection occurred through a questionnaire, adapted to Google Forms® and analyzed using R COMPLETAR software. Results:60.9% ofnurses participated in scientific events; 37.5% use newspapers and magazines as their main source of reading; 62.5% access the internet frequently, with personal social networks being the most accessed (45.3%). In the last twelve months, 56.2% said they had participated in technical-scientific improvement. Of those who did not participate, the main reason was distance (20.3%). Among the most important qualifications taken, there are themes related to public and family health (39%), cited by 18.1% as a need. Conclusion:the nurses of the Family Health Strategy demonstrated great involvement with activities of technical-scientific improvement and/or professional qualification, highlighting the participation in scientific events in the Nursing area. There is astrong influence of work practice in the process of professional qualification.

Objetivo:identificar las características del desarrollo profesional, las necesidades de educación continua y las calificaciones más importantes experimentadas por los enfermeros. Método:transversal, descriptivo y exploratorio, del tipo estudio de caso, realizado entre julio y septiembre de 2019, con 64 enfermeros. La recogida se realizó a través de un cuestionario, adaptado a Google Forms® y analizado mediante el software R COMPLETAR. Resultados:60,9% de los enfermeros participaron en eventos científicos; el37,5% utiliza diarios y revistas como principal fuente de lectura; El 62,5% accede a internet con frecuencia, siendo las redes sociales personales las más accedidas (45,3%). En los últimos doce meses, el 56,2% afirmó haber participado en la mejora técnico-científica. De los que no participaron, el principal motivo fue la distancia (20,3%). Entre las más importantes capacitaciones realizadas están temas relacionados con la salud pública y de la familia (39%), citados por el 18,1% como necesidad. Conclusión:los enfermeros de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia mostraron gran involucramiento con actividades de superación técnico-científica y/o calificación profesional, con énfasis en la participación en eventos científicos en el área de Enfermería. Hay una fuerte influencia de la práctica laboral en el proceso de calificación profesional.

Vulnerability of the Brazilian LGBT population in HIV treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection affects the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transvestite, and transsexual (LGBT) population. We aimed to identify the indidual vulnerability profile of the LGBT population ling with H/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and correlate it with the treatment situation. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included 510 LGBT people living with HIV (PLHIV)/AIDS who attended the Complex of Chronic Communicable Diseases of the municipality of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2015. RESULTS: There was a predominance of indiduals who were white (70.2%), male (98.4%), single (87.1%), aged 25-44 years (70.0%), educated up to high school (47.7%), economically acte (91.2%), under treatment (80.8%), having CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 (77.1%), and having undetectable viral load (53.3%). HIV transmission was mainly sexual (97.0%) and most people used drugs (76.5%). There was a weak correlation between the variables 'in treatment' and acte occupation (r = 0.148, p = 0.001), single marital status (r = 0.128, p = 0.004), white race/colour (r = 0.117, p = 0.008), high school education (r = 0.111, p = 0.012), sexual transmission (r = 0.222, p = 0.000), drug use (r = 0.087, p = 0.049), and CD4 > 350 cells/mm3 (r = 0.118, p = 0.008); and strong correlation between the variables 'in treatment' and undetectable viral load (r = -0.937, p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of the indidual vulnerability of LGBT people involve, among other aspects, issues of gender and social exclusion, a situation that is part of the daily life of PLHIV/AIDS in many scenarios and territories. This can be alleviated with a network of social and health support and effecte and efficient, protecte, attitudinal, and behavioural public policies.

Descriptive study of the initial cases of Covid-19 in a city in the interior of Ceará, Brazil / Estudio descriptivo de los casos iniciales de Covid-19 en una ciudad del interior de Ceará, Brasil

Objective: to describe the sociodemographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the initial cases of Covid-19 in the municipality of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil. Materials and methods: descriptive, temporal and quantitative epidemiological study, developed in the municipality of Sobral - Ceará, Brazil, with 110 confirmed cases of Covid-19. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed, using the Chi-square test and Logistic Regression to verify the association between variables. The level of significance was set at 95% (p≤0.05). Results: it was observed that 60% of cases occurred in women, 74.5% were adults between 20 and 59 years old, 15.5% health workers and the lethality rate was 1.8%. In 58.2% of cases the main reporting unit was the hospital, 10% required hospitalization, and 64.5% were diagnosed with rapid tes. The main symptoms manifested were: cough (58.2%), fever (57.3%), sore throat (36.4%) and difficulty breathing (31.9%). There was an association between age and the presence of fever, cough and sore throat (p=0.05). Conclusion: the results suggest that older people are more susceptible to some symptoms when compared to younger people. Associated with global estimates, this work can provide subsidies for Covid-19 prevention and control actions in small and medium-sized Brazilian municipalities..(Au)

Objectivo: describir las características sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas de los casos iniciales de Covid-19 en el municipio de Sobral, Ceará, Brasil. Materiales y métodos: estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, temporal y cuantitativo, desarrollado en el municipio de Sobral - Ceará, Brasil, con 110 casos confirmados de Covid -19. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico, utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística para verificar la asociación entre variables. El nivel de significancia se estableció en 95% (p≤0.05). Resultados: se observó que el 60,0% de los casos ocurrieron en mujeres, el 74,5% eran adultos entre 20 y 59 años, el 15,5% trabajadores de la salud y la tasa de letalidad fue del 1,8%. En el 58,2% de los casos la principal unidad de notificación fue el hospital, el 10% requirió hospitalización y el 64,5% fueron diagnosticados con pruebas rápidas. Los principales síntomas manifestados fueron: tos (58,2%), fiebre (57,3%), dolor de garganta (36,4%) y dificultad para respirar (31,9%). Hubo asociación entre la edad y la presencia de fiebre, tos y dolor de garganta (p=0,05). Conclusión: los resultados sugieren que las personas mayores son más susceptibles a algunos síntomas en comparación con las personas más jóvenes. Asociado a estimaciones globales, este trabajo puede proporcionar subsidios para acciones de prevención y control de Covid-19 en municipios brasileños pequeños y medianos..(Au)

Influence of life habits and behaviors on the health of adolescents / Influencia de los hábitos y comportamientos de vida en la salud de los adolescentes / Influência de hábitos de vida e comportamentos na saúde de adolescentes

Objective: To identify the influence of life habits and behaviors on the health of adolescents. Materials and method: This is a quantitative research, with an exploratory and descriptive approach, developed with 124 adolescents, students from a pre-professional school in southernmost Brazil. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics by means of the SPSS software, version 20.0. Results: The high consumption of ultra-processed food in intermediate meals and insufficient sleep hours per night cause risks to the health of adolescents. Practicing physical activities has proved to be a health protection habit. Conclusions: The adolescents need to reframe the importance of healthy eating and sleep in their routine. It was observed that there are modifiable factors for sleep improvement in quality and quantity, as well as the value and inclusion of in natura food in intermediate meals. We believe that the role of nurses in school spaces, giving rise to joint reflections on the process of self-care, health concepts, risky and healthy behaviors, is capable of promoting and protecting the health of adolescents and preventing morbidities in the future.

Objetivo: identificar la influencia de los hábitos de vida y comportamientos de los adolescentes en su salud. Materiales y método: investigación cuantitativa, con un enfoque exploratorio y descriptivo, desarrollada con 124 adolescentes, estudiantes de una escuela preuniversitaria en el extremo sur de Brasil. Los datos se recolectaron mediante cuestionario. El análisis se realizó con la utilización de estadísticas descriptivas con el software SPSS, versión 20.0. Resultados: el alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados en las comidas intermedias y la cantidad insuficiente de sueño por noche representan riesgos para la salud de los adolescentes. La realización de actividades físicas resultó ser un hábito de protección de la salud. Conclusiones: los adolescentes deben resignificar la importancia de una alimentación saludable y del sueño en su rutina. Se observó que existen factores modificables para que el sueño mejore en calidad y cantidad, igualmente el valor y la inclusión de alimentos in natura en las comidas intermedias. Creemos que el papel del enfermero en los espacios escolares tiene que dar lugar a reflexiones conjuntas sobre el proceso de autocuidado, conceptos de salud, comportamientos de riesgo y saludables. Igualmente, promover y proteger la salud de los adolescentes y prevenir las morbilidades en el futuro.

Objetivo: identificar a influência de hábitos de vida e de comportamentos na saúde de adolescentes. Materiais e método: trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza quantitativa, com abordagem exploratória e descritiva, desenvolvida com 124 adolescentes, estudantes de uma escola pré-profissionalizante no extremo sul do Brasil. Foram coletados dados mediante questionário. A análise foi feita com a utilização da estatística descritiva por meio do software SPSS, versão 20.0. Resultados: o alto consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados nas refeições intermediárias e a quantidade insuficiente de sono por noite causam riscos à saúde dos adolescentes. A realização de atividades físicas mostrou-se como hábito de proteção à saúde. Conclusões: os adolescentes precisam ressignificar a importância da alimentação saudável e do sono em sua rotina. Observou-se que existem fatores modificáveis para que o sono melhore em qualidade e quantidade, assim como o valor e inclusão dos alimentos in natura nas refeições intermediárias. Acreditamos que a atuação do enfermeiro nos espaços escolares, suscitando reflexões conjuntas sobre o processo de autocuidado, conceitos de saúde, comportamentos de risco e saudáveis, é capaz de promover e proteger a saúde dos adolescentes e prevenir morbidades no futuro.

[Access to diagnosis of tuberculosis in Brazilian medium-sized municipality]. / Acesso ao diagnóstico da tuberculose em município brasileiro de médio porte.

OBJETIVO: Evaluating access to tuberculosis diagnosis, from the perspective of patients. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 108 tuberculosis patients. Data were collected using the brazilian instrument Primary Care Assessment Tool - PCAT-Brazil, adapted for attention to tuberculosis, including socio-economic and demographic indicators, location of diagnosis and diagnostic access tuberculosis. The analysis of the data was of frequency, average, standard deviation, confidence interval and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Most cases were diagnosed in hospitals (52.8%). The patient sought the Health Unit on average three times until receiving medical care. The indicators of difficulty of displacement, expenditure on motorized transport and consultation within 24 hours to discover the disease were not satisfactory and regular. The chi-square test showed a statistical association between diagnosis location and seeking the nearest health unit from home. CONCLUSIONS: There are weaknesses in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis in primary care. There are many challenges to be faced to strengthen this level of health care, with organizational capacity to overcome the shortcomings related to the patient and the service that make it difficult to access the diagnosis of the disease.