Modulation of Photosynthesis and ROS Scavenging Response by Beneficial Bacteria in Olea europaea Plantlets under Salt Stress Conditions.

Climate change consequences for agriculture involve an increase of saline soils which results in lower crop yields due to increased oxidative stress in plants. The present study reports the use of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) as a tool to modulate plant innate mechanisms of adaptation to water stress (salinity and drought) in one year-old olive plantlets var. Arbosana and Arbequina. Integration of external changes in plants involve changes in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that behave as signals to trigger plant adaptative mechanisms; however, they become toxic in high concentrations. For this reason, plants are endowed with antioxidant systems to keep ROS under control. So, the working hypothesis is that specific beneficial strains will induce a systemic response able to modulate oxidative stress and improve plant adaptation to water stress. Ten strains were assayed, evaluating changes in photosynthesis, pigments, ROS scavenging enzymes and antioxidant molecules, osmolytes and malondialdehyde, as oxidative stress marker. Photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigments were the most affected variables. Despite the specific response of each variety, the favorite targets of PGPBs to improve plant fitness were photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant pools of glutathione and ascorbate. Our results show the potential of PGPBs to improve plant fitness modulating oxidative stress.

Changes of enzyme activities related to oxidative stress in rice plants inoculated with random mutants of a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain able to improve plant fitness upon biotic and abiotic conditions.

The Pseudomonas fluorescens strain used in this work (Aur 6) has demonstrated its ability to improve fitness of different plant species upon biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Random mutants of this strain were constructed with the Tn5 transposon technology, and biological tests to evaluate loss of salt protection were conducted with all the mutants (104 mutants) on rice seedlings. Mutant 33 showed an evident reduction in its ability to protect plants upon salt stress challenge, whereas mutant 19 was more effective than the wild type. Enzymes related with oxidative stress were studied in both mutants and wild type. Enzyme activities were decreased with mutant 33 with regard to wild type, whereas mutant 19 did not produce important changes suggesting involvement of redox balance associated to the observed modifications in these antioxidant enzymes as one of the probable mechanisms used by these strains. Data of malondialdehyde (MDA) were consistent with this fact. Mutants also affected accumulation of proline, the most common osmolyte in plants. A second experiment to evaluate the ability of both mutants and wild type to stimulate growth on tomato plants was conducted, as this feature was previously demonstrated by wild type. Similar results were obtained in growth of both species, suggesting that mutations of both mutants are related with the capacities of the wild type to stimulate growth. To reveal mutated genes, both mutants were mapped. Three mutated genes were found in mutant 33. A gene related with a general secretion pathway protein D, a gene related with a putative two-component system sensor kinase (ColS), and a gene related with flagellar motor switch protein (FliG). In mutant 19, two mutated genes were found. One gene related with heavy metal efflux pump Czca family, and other gene of 16s rRNA.

A strategy for weight loss based on healthy dietary habits and control of emotional response to food.

INTRODUCTION: A sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits are major causes of a negative energy balance and excess body weight. The lifestyle of the Mediterranean diet eating pattern significantly reduces risk factors for non communicable diseases. Moreover, emotions have a powerful effect on feeding behavior. There is a direct relationship between food choices (type and amount), emotions and increased energy intake. OBJECTIVE: To know the emotional behavior of individuals as a function of the relation between food intake and emotions to facilitate the establishment of personalized dietary guidelines based on healthy eating habits and increase the patient fidelity until the desired weight. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 99 overweight adult people (81 women and 18 men) were subjected to a weight-reduction program based on the establishment of lifestyle and healthy eating habits. The adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and the effect of emotions on the choice of food and eating habits were determined using Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Emotional- Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) respectively. RESULTS: The studied population was sedentary, consumed an unhealthy diet and eating behavior was highly affected by emotions. The majority of participants, (66% of women and 71% of men) were classified as emotional eater. During the treatment program eating habits and lifestyle subjects were modified and reduced at least 10% of their body weight. CONCLUSION: Know the relation between food intake and emotions allows to personalize the dietary strategy for weight loss in overweight and obesity.

Introducción: el sedentarismo y los hábitos alimentarios poco saludables son las principales causas de un balance energético negativo y un exceso de peso corporal. El estilo de vida del patrón de dieta mediterránea reduce significativamente los factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otra parte, las emociones tienen un poderoso efecto en el comportamiento alimentario. Existe una relación directa entre la elección de alimentos, las emociones y el aumento de la ingesta energética. Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento emocional de los individuos para facilitar el establecimiento de pautas dietéticas personalizadas basadas en hábitos alimentarios saludables y aumentar la fidelidad del paciente hasta conseguir el peso deseado. Material y métodos: 99 personas adultas con sobrepeso fueron sometidos a un programa de reducción de peso basado en establecer unos hábitos alimentarios y un estilo de vida saludables. La adhesión al patrón de dieta Mediterránea y el efecto de las emociones en la elección de alimentos se determinaron utilizando los cuestionarios MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) y EEQ (Emocional Eater Questionnaire), respectivamente. Resultados: la población estudiada era sedentaria, consumía una dieta poco saludable y su conducta alimentaria era dependiente de las emociones. La mayoría de los participantes (66% mujeres y 71% hombres) fueron clasificados como comedores emocionales. Durante el programa de tratamiento, los participantes modificaron sus hábitos alimentarios y su estilo de vida, consiguiendo reducir el peso corporal en al menos un 10% respecto al peso inicial. Conclusión: conocer la relación entre la ingesta de alimentos y las emociones permite personalizar la estrategia dietética para disminuir el peso corporal y la tasa de abandono.

A strategy for weight loss based on healthy dietary habits and control of emotional response to food / Una estrategia para disminuir el peso corporal, basada en hábitos alimentarios saludables y el control de la respuesta emocional ante los alimentos

Introduction: a sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy eating habits are major causes of a negative energy balance and excess body weight. The lifestyle of the Mediterranean diet eating pattern significantly reduces risk factors for non communicable diseases. Moreover, emotions have a powerful effect on feeding behavior. There is a direct relationship between food choices (type and amount), emotions and increased energy intake. Objective: to know the emotional behavior of individuals as a function of the relation between food intake and emotions to facilitate the establishment of personalized dietary guidelines based on healthy eating habits and increase the patient fidelity until the desired weight. Subjects and methods: 99 overweight adult people (81 women and 18 men) were subjected to a weight-reduction program based on the establishment of lifestyle and healthy eating habits. The adherence to Mediterranean dietary pattern and the effect of emotions on the choice of food and eating habits were determined using Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) and Emotional-Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) respectively. Results: the studied population was sedentary, consumed an unhealthy diet and eating behavior was highly affected by emotions. The majority of participants, (66% of women and 71% of men) were classified as emotional eater. During the treatment program eating habits and lifestyle subjects were modified and reduced at least 10% of their body weight. Conclusion: know the relation between food intake and emotions allows to personalize the dietary strategy for weight loss in overweight and obesity (AU)

Introducción: el sedentarismo y los hábitos alimentarios poco saludables son las principales causas de un balance energético negativo y un exceso de peso corporal. El estilo de vida del patrón de dieta mediterránea reduce significativamente los factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles. Por otra parte, las emociones tienen un poderoso efecto en el comportamiento alimentario. Existe una relación directa entre la elección de alimentos, las emociones y el aumento de la ingesta energética. Objetivo: conocer el comportamiento emocional de los individuos para facilitar el establecimiento de pautas dietéticas personalizadas basadas en hábitos alimentarios saludables y aumentar la fidelidad del paciente hasta conseguir el peso deseado. Material y métodos: 99 personas adultas con sobrepeso fueron sometidos a un programa de reducción de peso basado en establecer unos hábitos alimentarios y un estilo de vida saludables. La adhesión al patrón de dieta Mediterránea y el efecto de las emociones en la elección de alimentos se determinaron utilizando los cuestionarios MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) y EEQ (Emocional Eater Questionnaire), respectivamente. Resultados: la población estudiada era sedentaria, consumía una dieta poco saludable y su conducta alimentaria era dependiente de las emociones. La mayoría de los participantes (66% mujeres y 71% hombres) fueron clasificados como comedores emocionales. Durante el programa de tratamiento, los participantes modificaron sus hábitos alimentarios y su estilo de vida, consiguiendo reducir el peso corporal en al menos un 10% respecto al peso inicial. Conclusión: conocer la relación entre la ingesta de alimentos y las emociones permite personalizar la estrategia dietética para disminuir el peso corporal y la tasa de abandono (AU)