Alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes com COVID-19: revisão narrativa de estudos e séries de casos / Ophthalmic changes in patients with COVID-19: narrative review of studies and case series

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever casos clínicos e séries de casos relacionados a alterações oftalmológicas em pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa/descritiva de casos clínicos e série de casos. A partir das buscas de dados com descritores pré-definidos, foram integrados na revisão, 17 estudos. Dentre os principais temas identificados, destacam-se: alterações conjuntivais, alterações retinianas e oftalmoparesias. O quadro de alterações da conjuntiva foi prevalente em relação aos demais. Essa revisão incluiu não apenas afecções oculares em adultos, mas também, em crianças e adolescentes. O estudo chama atenção para o fato de que as alterações oculares foram descritas como alteração isolada, alteração precipitante e alteração simultânea ao quadro respiratório. Conclui-se que as afecções oculares vão além de alterações conjuntivais, embora sejam essas preponderantes, havendo ainda alterações retinianas, quadro de oftalmoparesia e ainda a incomum síndrome de Miller Fisher. Novos ensaios irão poder avaliar, qual é de fato, a representatividade dos problemas oculares na cadeia epidemiológica da COVID-19. [au]

The objective of this work is to describe clinical cases and case series related to ophthalmological changes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. A narrative/descriptive review of clinical cases and case series was performed. Based on data searches with pre-defined descriptors, 17 studies were integrated in the review. Among the main themes identified, the following stand out: conjunctival changes, retinal changes and ophthalmoparesis. The picture of changes in the conjunctiva was prevalent in relation to the others. This review included not only eye disorders in adults, but also in children and adolescents. The study draws attention to the fact that the ocular changes were described as isolated alteration, precipitating alteration and simultaneous alteration to the respiratory condition. It is concluded that ocular conditions go beyond conjunctival alterations, although these are predominant, with retinal alterations, ophthalmoparesis and the unusual Miller Fisher syndrome. New trials will be able to assess, in fact, the representativeness of eye problems in the epidemiological chain of COVID-19. [au]

Brazilians' level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Brazil is facing increasing cycles of numbers of infected people and deaths resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This situation involves a series of factors, including the behavior of the population, that can be decisive for controlling the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Brazilian population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey-type study, conducted using a population sample from different Brazilian states. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach was used. Sampling was done according to convenience and via snowballing. The data collection instrument was a knowledge, attitudes and practices system. RESULTS: 1,655 people from all over Brazil participated in the survey; 80% were living in the southern region and 70.15% were female. More than 90% had knowledge and good attitudes relating to the means of transmission, preventive care and symptoms associated with COVID-19, although their knowledge and attitudes were not fully reflected in daily practices, for which there was lower adherence (80%). Greater knowledge was correlated with older participants, larger number of children, female sex and marital status; better attitude, with female sex and complete higher education; and better practices, with greater age, larger number of children and female sex. CONCLUSION: A large part of the population has general knowledge about COVID-19, but not all knowledge was applied in practice. Older people, females and university graduates stood out as the best informed and most committed to controlling the disease.

Brazilians' level of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Brazil is facing increasing cycles of numbers of infected people and deaths resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This situation involves a series of factors, including the behavior of the population, that can be decisive for controlling the disease. OBJECTIVE: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the Brazilian population regarding COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional survey-type study, conducted using a population sample from different Brazilian states. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive and analytical approach was used. Sampling was done according to convenience and via snowballing. The data collection instrument was a knowledge, attitudes and practices system. RESULTS: 1,655 people from all over Brazil participated in the survey; 80% were living in the southern region and 70.15% were female. More than 90% had knowledge and good attitudes relating to the means of transmission, preventive care and symptoms associated with COVID-19, although their knowledge and attitudes were not fully reflected in daily practices, for which there was lower adherence (80%). Greater knowledge was correlated with older participants, larger number of children, female sex and marital status; better attitude, with female sex and complete higher education; and better practices, with greater age, larger number of children and female sex. CONCLUSION: A large part of the population has general knowledge about COVID-19, but not all knowledge was applied in practice. Older people, females and university graduates stood out as the best informed and most committed to controlling the disease.

Screening for hepatitis C in urgent and emergency units: a systematic review. / Triagem para hepatite C em unidades de urgência e emergência: revisão sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying studies that performed screening for hepatitis C and that also assessed the virus prevalence in urgency and emergency unit users. METHOD: A systematic review performed on the LILACS, MEDLINE databases via PubMed, SciELO and Virtual Health Library. RESULTS: After careful search and analysis, 19 publications were part of the results, in compliance with the pre-defined criteria. Publication dates were concentrated between 1992 and 2018. The main journal to publish such articles was the Annals of Emergency Medicine (26.31%). Regarding the origin of publications, the following stand out: United States (63.15%), Europe (31.57%), and Asia (5.28%). Regarding prevalence, in the United States, a variation between 1.4% to 18% was observed. In Europe, in turn, the prevalence ranged from 0 to 5%. In the Asian study, the prevalence was 1.8%. CONCLUSION: The screening performed in urgent and emergency units proved to be efficient in identifying new cases, especially when associated with the age factor, which proves to be superior to the strategy based only on risk factors. Thus, for greater effectiveness, the association of three strategies is recommended: screening location, age group, and risk factors.

Triagem para hepatite C em unidades de urgência e emergência: revisão sistemática / Tamizaje de la hepatitis C en unidades de urgencia y emergencia: revisión sistemática / Screening for hepatitis C in urgent and emergency units: a systematic review

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar estudos que realizaram rastreio para hepatite C e que também avaliaram a prevalência do vírus em usuários de unidades de urgência e emergência. Método Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE via PubMed, SciELO e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados Após criteriosa busca e análise, fizeram parte dos resultados 19 publicações, essas em conformidades com os critérios pré-definidos. As datas de publicação se concentraram entre 1992 e 2018. A principal revista a publicar tais artigos foi a Annals of Emergency Medicine (26,31%). Em relação à origem das publicações, destacam-se: Estados Unidos (63,15%), Europa (31,57%) e Ásia (5,28%). Em relação à prevalência, nos Estados Unidos, se observou uma variação entre 1,4% e 18%. Por sua vez, na Europa, a prevalência variou de 0 a 5%. No estudo asiático, a prevalência foi de 1,8%. Conclusão O rastreio realizado em unidades de urgência e emergência se mostrou eficiente na identificação de novos casos, especialmente quando associado ao fator idade, que demonstra ser superior à estratégia baseada apenas em fatores de risco. Assim, para maior efetividade, recomenda-se a associação das três estratégias: local do rastreio, faixa etária e fatores de risco.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar los estudios que realizaron pruebas de detección de hepatitis C y que también evaluaron la prevalencia del vírus en usuarios de unidades de urgencia y emergencia. Método revisión sistemática realizada en bases de datos LILACS, MEDLINE a través de PubMed, SciELO y la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Resultados Después de una cuidadosa búsqueda y análisis, 19 publicaciones fueron parte de los resultados, estos cumplieron con los criterios predefinidos. Las fechas de publicación se concentraron entre 1992 y 2018. La revista principal para publicar dichos artículos fue el Annals of Emergency Medicine (26,31%). En cuanto al origen de las publicaciones, destacan las siguientes: Estados Unidos (63,15%), Europa (31,57%) y Asia (5,28%). Con respecto a la prevalencia, en los Estados Unidos, se observó una variación entre 1.4% y 18%. En Europa, a su vez, la prevalencia varió de 0 a 5%. En el estudio asiático, la prevalencia fue de 1,8%. Conclusión La evaluación realizada en las unidades de urgencias y emergencias demostró ser eficiente en la identificación de nuevos casos, especialmente cuando se asocia con el factor de edad, que demuestra ser superior a la estrategia basada solo en factores de riesgo. Por lo tanto, para una mayor efectividad, se recomienda la asociación de las tres estrategias: ubicación del examen, grupo de edad y factores de riesgo.

ABSTRACT Objective Identifying studies that performed screening for hepatitis C and that also assessed the virus prevalence in urgency and emergency unit users. Method A systematic review performed on the LILACS, MEDLINE databases via PubMed, SciELO and Virtual Health Library. Results After careful search and analysis, 19 publications were part of the results, in compliance with the pre-defined criteria. Publication dates were concentrated between 1992 and 2018. The main journal to publish such articles was the Annals of Emergency Medicine (26.31%). Regarding the origin of publications, the following stand out: United States (63.15%), Europe (31.57%), and Asia (5.28%). Regarding prevalence, in the United States, a variation between 1.4% to 18% was observed. In Europe, in turn, the prevalence ranged from 0 to 5%. In the Asian study, the prevalence was 1.8%. Conclusion The screening performed in urgent and emergency units proved to be efficient in identifying new cases, especially when associated with the age factor, which proves to be superior to the strategy based only on risk factors. Thus, for greater effectiveness, the association of three strategies is recommended: screening location, age group, and risk factors.

Preventive use of Bach flower Rescue Remedy in the control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rats.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Bach flower Rescue Remedy on the control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rats. DESIGN: A randomized longitudinal experimental study. METHODS: Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of six animals each and orogastrically dosed with either 200 µl of water (group A, control), or 100 µl of water and 100 µl of Bach flower remedy (group B), or 200 µl of Bach flower remedy (group C) every 2 days, for 20 days. All animals were fed standard rat chow and water ad libitum. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Urine volume, body weight, feces weight, and food intake were measured every 2 days. On day 20, tests of glycemia, hyperuricemia, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol were performed, and the anatomy and histopathology of the heart, liver and kidneys were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in food intake, feces weight, urine volume and uric acid levels between groups. Group C had a significantly lower body weight gain than group A and lower glycemia compared with groups A and B. Groups B and C had significantly higher HDL-cholesterol and lower triglycerides than controls. Animals had mild hepatic steatosis, but no cardiac or renal damage was observed in the three groups. CONCLUSION: Bach flower Rescue Remedy was effective in controlling glycemia, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol and may serve as a strategy for reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rats. This study provides some preliminary "proof of concept" data that Bach Rescue Remedy may exert some biological effects.

Associação dos fatores sociodemográficos e da lesão relacionados ao sentimento de impotência e esperança em indivíduos com úlcera venosa / Association of sociodemographic effects and injury to feelings of powerIessness and Hope in individuaIs with venous ulcers

This study's objective was to evaluate feelings of powerlessnessand hope in patients with venous ulcers and identify sociodemographic characteristics in the studied population. Methods: A clinical, descriptive, analytical and prospective study, 40 patients with venous ulcers participated. We used 3 instruments: a questionnaire that assessed demographic and clinical data, an Instrument for Measuring feelings of impotence and Herth Hope Index. Results: At Feelings of Impotence Scale patients scored a mean of 34.3 and at Herth Hope Index 27.50, revealing that these individuals feel powerless and hopeless that the wound can heal. Individuals aged between 50 and 59 years had an average of 39.00 at Feelings of Powerlessness Scale (P 0.120). At Herth Hope Index the average was 14.20 (P=0.508). Male, in both scales, had mean changes, with average of 36.00 at Feelings of Powerlessness Scale (P=0.068) and 26.70 as median at Herth Hope Index (P=0.332). Regarding the time of the injury, the average score was 39.00 at Feelings of Impotence Scale (p = 0.251)and 27.10 in Herth Hope Index. showing changes in patients over 1 to 2years with injury. Patients who presented odor scored a high mean (36.10 /P=0.155) at Fee/ings of Impotence Scale and low mean at Herth HopeScale (26.80). Concluslon: Results have revealed that the subjects with venous ulcers in this study feel helpless and hopeless about the possibility of wound healing...

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o sentimento de impotência e esperança em pacientes com úlcera venosa e identificar características sociodemográficas nesta população. Método: Estudo clínico, descritivo, analático, prospectivo. Participaram 40 pacientes com úlcera venosa. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: um questionário que avaliou dados demográficos e clínicos, o Instrumento de Medida dos Sentimentos de Impotência e a Escala de Esperança de Herth. Resultados: Na Escala de Sentimentos de Impotência, os pacientes pontuaram escore médio de 34,3 e na Escala de Esperança de Herth 27,50, revelando sentimentos de impotência e pouca esperança de cicatrização. Os indivíduos entre 50 e 59 anos apresentaram a média total de 39,00, na Escala de Sentimentos de Impotência (p=O, 120). Já na Escala de Esperança de Herth, a média foi de 14,20 (p=0,508). O gênero masculino, em ambas as escalas, apresentou média alterada, sendo 36,00 a média da Escala de Sentimentos de Impotência (p=0,068) e 26,70 a mediana na Escala de Esperança de Herth (p=0,332). Quanto ao tempo da lesão, o escore médio foi de 39,00 na Escala de Sentimentos de Impotência (p=0,251) e de 27,10 na Escala de Esperança de Herth, mostrando alteração em pacientes com mais de 1 até 2 anos com a lesão. Os pacientes que apresentaram odor pontuaram o escore médio alto (36, 10/p=0,155) na Escala de Sentimentos de Impotência e escore médio baixo na Escala de Esperança de Herth (26,80). Conclusão: Os resultados permitem afirmar que os indivíduos com úlcera venosa avaliados sentem-se impotentes e sem esperança quanto à cicatrização da lesão...

Avaliação da qualidade dos registros dos curativos em prontuários realizados pela enfermagem / Assessing the quality of records in the dressing charts, performed by nursing

To evaluate the quality of the records of healing performed by nursing records. Method: Descriptive study with retrospective documentary analysis. This study was conduded in adult Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital of Samuel Libanius. Results: 65 (65%) of annotations not present in this type of tissue lesion, 85 (85%) had no type of exudate, 100 (100%) indicated no measurement of the wound and in 80 (80%), the appearance of margin and center of the lesion were not recorded, 100 (100%) of the notes were with abbreviation, 59 (59%) had no clarity of notes and 80(80%) had grammatical errors and language of 80 (80%) contained incorrect errata and technical terminologies, 75 (75%) of nursing prescriptions were not checked and in 54 (54%) of the notes the lefter was not legible. Conclusion: In this study the authors concluded that the quality of the ratings of nursing care are limited and inadequate...

Avaliar a qualidade dos registros dos curativos realizados pela enfermagem em prontuários. Método: Estudo descritivo, com análise documental retrospectiva. Este estudo foi realizado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto do Hospital das Clínicas Samuel Libânio. Resultados: Sessentae cinco (65%) das anotações não descreviam qual o tipo de tecido presente na lesão, 85 (85%) não apresentavam tipo de exsudato, 100(100%) não indicavam mensuração da ferida, e em 80 (80%) o aspecto da margem e centro da lesão não foram registrados. Todas as (100%) anotações estavam com abreviatura, 59 (59%) das anotações não apresentavam clareza, 80 (80%) apresentavam erros gramaticais da linguagem e 80 (80%) continham terminologias técnicas erratas e incorretas. Setenta e cinco (75%) das prescrições de enfermagem não estavam checadas,e em 54 (54%) das anotações a letra não estava legível. Conclusão: Por meio deste estudo, os autores concluíram que a qualidade das anotações da assistência de enfermagem são limitadas e inadequadas...