RESUMO
Trypanorhynch cestode larvae were found parasitizing specimens of dusky flounder Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Southeastern Gulf of Mexico (s-GoM). Plerocercoids were recovered from a total of 194 flatfish, embedded in the intestine and stomach wall. Trypanorhynch were identified using morphology and a molecular phylogeny using newly sequenced partial 28S (region D1-D3) ribosomal DNA in combination with data derived from other species of trypanorhynchs available from GenBank. Larvae representing three genera of trypanorhynch cestodes, Nybelinia Poche, 1926; Kotorella Euzet & Radujkovic, 1989 and Oncomegas Dollfus, 1929 were found in dusky flounder specimens in the s-GoM. These plerocercoids represent six species: Nybelinia sp. 1, Nybelinia sp. 2, Nybelinia sp. 3, Nybelinia sp. 4, Kotorella pronosoma (Stossich, 1901) and Oncomegas wageneri (Linton, 1890) Dollfus, 1929. All cestode specimens in this study represent new locality records for their respective species.
RESUMO
Nicotine (NIC) and resveratrol (RES) are chemicals in tobacco and wine, respectively, that are widely consumed concurrently worldwide. NIC is an alkaloid known to be toxic, addictive and to produce oxidative stress, while RES is thought of as an antioxidant with putative health benefits. Oxidative stress can induce genotoxic damage, yet few studies have examined whether NIC is genotoxic in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that RES can ameliorate deleterious effects of NIC. However, RES has been reported to have both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects, and an in vivo study reported that 0.011 mM RES was genotoxic. We used the Drosophila melanogaster wing spot test to determine whether NIC and RES, first individually and then in combination, were genotoxic and/or altered the cell division. We hypothesized that RES would modulate NIC's effects. NIC was genotoxic in the standard (ST) cross in a concentration-independent manner, but not genotoxic in the high bioactivation (HB) cross. RES was not genotoxic in either the ST or HB cross at the concentrations tested. We discovered a complex interaction between NIC and RES. Depending on concentration, RES was protective of NIC's genotoxic damage, RES had no interaction with NIC, or RES had an additive or synergistic effect, increasing NIC's genotoxic damage. Most NIC, RES, and NIC/RES combinations tested altered the cell division in the ST and HB crosses. Because we used the ST and HB crosses, we demonstrated that genotoxicity and cell division alterations were modulated by the xenobiotic metabolism. These results provide evidence of NIC's genotoxicity in vivo at specific concentrations. Moreover, NIC's genotoxicity can be modulated by its interaction with RES in a complex manner, in which their interaction can lead to either increasing NIC's damage or protecting against it.
RESUMO
Resumen La identificación de la capacidad de funcionalidad en el adulto mayor es una valoración conveniente. Se concibe que la funcionalidad está relacionada con lograr satisfacer sus necesidades básicas, bienestar emocional y social, significa independencia y, por lo tanto, con calidad de vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el grado de funcionalidad que presentan los adultos mayores de 60 años y mayores que asisten a consulta en 4 centros de salud ubicados en la delegación Tláhuac, Ciudad de México durante el periodo de junio a diciembre de 2014. Fue una investigación exploratoria, en una muestra por conveniencia de 754 adultos mayores; se utilizaron 5 ítems del apartado A del instrumento "Evaluación Funcional del Adulto Mayor" el cual fue aplicado en los centros de salud. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: El 82% de los adultos mayores fueron independientes y el 18% están en riesgo de dependencia. Las actividades que presentaron menor porcentaje de dependencia fueron preparar sus alimentos y realizar tareas domésticas. Conclusión: Los resultados arrojados en el presente estudio implican sensibilizar a los profesionales de los centros de salud para que incorporen en sus programas propuestas para mantener la funcionalidad en este grupo etario como son ejercicio mental y físico, hábitos alimentarios, ocupación del tiempo y el manejo de situaciones estresantes.
Abstract It is important to address the functional status of senior adults because this is an indicator of their capacities to fulfill their basic needs, as well as to have emotional and social wellbeing, and thus to live a life with quality and independence. The objective of this study was to identify the degree of functionality in seniors 60 years and older who visit four health centers in Tlahuac, Mexico City. Data were collected from June to December 2014. This was an exploratory study on a convenience sample of 754 senior adults. Five items from the section A of the instrument Senior Adult Functional Status (Evaluación Funcional del Adulto Mayor (EFAM)) were used. The questions were asked in the health centers. Descriptive statistics were performed. Results: 82% of the seniors showed being independent while 18% were at risk of being dependent. The activities which demonstrated lower percentage of dependence were preparation of their food and performing their domestic tasks, Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that health professionals should be sensitized to incorporate proposals in their programs to help maintain the functional status of this population. These activities should focus on: physical and mental exercise, good dietary habits, adequate use of time, and stress management.
Resumo A identificação da capacidade de funcionalidade em idosos é uma valorização conveniente. Concebendo que a funcionalidade está relacionada em conseguir satisfazer suas necessidades básicas, bem-estar emocional e social, significa independência, neste conceito a qualidade de vida está considerada. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o grau de funcionalidade que apresentam os idosos de 60 anos e mais velhos, que assistem a consulta em quatro centros de saúde localizados no município Tláhuac, Cidade de México, durante o período de junho a dezembro de 2014. Foi uma pesquisa exploratória, em uma amostra de conveniência de 754 idosos, utilizaram-se cinco itens do apartado A do instrumento "Avaliação Funcional do Idoso" (EFAM), o qual foi aplicado nos centros de saúde. Para o processamento da informação utilizou-se estatística descritiva. Resultados: O 82% dos idosos foram independentes e o 18% estão em risco de dependência. As atividades que apresentaram menor porcentagem de dependência foram preparar seus alimentos e realizar fazeres domésticos. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo procuram sensibilizar aos professionais dos centros de saúde para que incorporem nos seus programas, propostas para manter a funcionalidade neste grupo etário como são o exercício físico e mental, hábitos alimentares, ocupação do tempo e o manejo de situações estressantes.
