Refining Evaluation of Bone Mass and Adipose Distribution in Dunnigan Syndrome.

Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are rare diseases characterized by selective loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue at different sites. This cross-sectional observational study aimed to estimate adipose tissue in the bone marrow (BMAT), intra (IMCL) and extra-myocyte lipids (EMCL), and define the bone phenotype in the context of FPLD2/Dunnigan syndrome (DS). The subjects comprised 23 controls (C) and 18 DS patients, matched by age, weight and height. Blood samples, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS) and 1H-spectroscopy using magnetic resonance to estimate BMAT in the lumbar spine, IMCL, EMCL and osteoclastogenesis were assessed. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 78% in DS patients. Glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, insulin and HOMA-IR levels were elevated in DS, whereas HDLc, 25(OH)D, PTH and osteocalcin levels were reduced. BMD was similar between groups at all sites, except 1/3 radius, which was lower in DS group. TBS was reduced in DS. DS presented increased osteoclastogenesis and elevated BMAT, with greater saturation levels and higher IMCL than the C group. HOMA-IR and EMCL were negatively associated with TBS; osteocalcin and EMCL were correlated negatively with BMD. This study contributes to refining the estimation of adipose tissue in DS by showing increased adiposity in the lumbar spine and muscle tissue. DXA detected lower TBS and BMD in the 1/3 radius, suggesting impairment in bone quality and that bone mass is mainly affected in the cortical bone.

Motifs in Natural Products as Useful Scaffolds to Obtain Novel Benzo[d]imidazole-Based Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptor Agonists.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) constitutes a broad-spectrum modulator of homeostasis in mammals, providing therapeutic opportunities for several pathologies. Its two main receptors, cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) receptors, mediate anti-inflammatory responses; however, their differing patterns of expression make the development of CB2-selective ligands therapeutically more attractive. The benzo[d]imidazole ring is considered to be a privileged scaffold in drug discovery and has demonstrated its versatility in the development of molecules with varied pharmacologic properties. On the other hand, the main psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can be structurally described as an aliphatic terpenoid motif fused to an aromatic polyphenolic (resorcinol) structure. Inspired by the structure of this phytocannabinoid, we combined different natural product motifs with a benzo[d]imidazole scaffold to obtain a new library of compounds targeting the CB2 receptor. Here, we synthesized 26 new compounds, out of which 15 presented CB2 binding and 3 showed potent agonist activity. SAR analysis indicated that the presence of bulky aliphatic or aromatic natural product motifs at position 2 of the benzo[d]imidazoles ring linked by an electronegative atom is essential for receptor recognition, while substituents with moderate bulkiness at position 1 of the heterocyclic core also participate in receptor recognition. Compounds 5, 6, and 16 were further characterized through in vitro cAMP functional assay, showing potent EC50 values between 20 and 3 nM, and compound 6 presented a significant difference between the EC50 of pharmacologic activity (3.36 nM) and IC50 of toxicity (30-38 µM).

Parliamentary roll-call voting as a complex dynamical system: The case of Chile.

A method is proposed to study the temporal variability of legislative roll-call votes in a parliament from the perspective of complex dynamical systems. We studied the Chilean Chamber of Deputies' by analyzing the agreement ratio and the voting outcome of each vote over the last 19 years with a Recurrence Quantification Analysis and an entropy analysis (Sample Entropy). Two significant changes in the temporal variability were found: one in 2014, where the voting outcome became more recurrent and with less entropy, and another in 2018, where the agreement ratio became less recurrent and with higher entropy. These changes may be directly related to major changes in the Chilean electoral system and the composition of the Chamber of Deputies, given that these changes occurred just after the first parliamentary elections with non-compulsory voting (2013 elections) and the first elections with a proportional system in conjunction with an increase in the number of deputies (2017 elections) were held.

New Pyridone-Based Derivatives as Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonists.

The activation of the human cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) is known to mediate analgesic and anti-inflammatory processes without the central adverse effects related to cannabinoid receptor type I (CB1R). In this work we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of N-aryl-2-pyridone-3-carboxamide derivatives tested as human cannabinoid receptor type II (CB2R) agonists. Different cycloalkanes linked to the N-aryl pyridone by an amide group displayed CB2R agonist activity as determined by intracellular [cAMP] levels. The most promising compound 8d exhibited a non-toxic profile and similar potency (EC50 = 112 nM) to endogenous agonists Anandamide (AEA) and 2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) providing new information for the development of small molecules activating CB2R. Molecular docking studies showed a binding pose consistent with two structurally different agonists WIN-55212-2 and AM12033 and suggested structural requirements on the pyridone substituents that can satisfy the orthosteric pocket and induce an agonist response. Our results provide additional evidence to support the 2-pyridone ring as a suitable scaffold for the design of CB2R agonists and represent a starting point for further optimization and development of novel compounds for the treatment of pain and inflammation.

Study of Sorption Kinetics and Sorption-Desorption Models to Assess the Transport Mechanisms of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid on Volcanic Soils.

The sorption behavior of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the abundant agricultural volcanic ash-derived soils (VADS) is not well understood despite being widely used throughout the world, causing effects to the environment and human health. The environmental behavior and risk assessment of groundwater pollution by pesticides can be evaluated through kinetic models. This study evaluated the sorption kinetics and 2,4-D sorption-desorption in ten VADS through batch sorption experiments. Differences in the sorption extent for the fast and slow phases was observed through the IPD model where 2,4-D sorption kinetics was controlled by external mass transfer and intra organic matter diffusion in Andisols (C1 ≠ 0). We confirmed from the spectroscopic analysis that the carboxylate group directly drives the interaction of 2,4-D on Andisol soil. The MLR model showed that IEP, FeDCB, and pH×Silt are important soil descriptors in the 2,4-D sorption in VADS. The Freundlich model accurately represented sorption equilibrium data in all cases (Kf values between 1.1 and 24.1 µg1-1/n mL1/ng-1) with comparatively higher sorption capacity on Andisols, where the highest hysteresis was observed in soils that presented the highest and lowest OC content (H close to 0).

Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and molecular docking of a new class of indolylpropyl benzamidopiperazines as dual AChE and SERT ligands for Alzheimer's disease.

During the last decade, the one drug-one target strategy has resulted to be inefficient in facing diseases with complex ethiology like Alzheimer's disease and many others. In this context, the multitarget paradigm has emerged as a promising strategy. Based on this consideration, we aim to develop novel molecules as promiscuous ligands acting in two or more targets at the same time. For such purpose, a new series of indolylpropyl-piperazinyl oxoethyl-benzamido piperazines were synthesized and evaluated as multitarget-directed drugs for the serotonin transporter (SERT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The ability to decrease ß-amyloid levels as well as cell toxicity of all compounds were also measured. In vitro results showed that at least four compounds displayed promising activity against SERT and AChE. Compounds 18 and 19 (IC50 = 3.4 and 3.6 µM respectively) exhibited AChE inhibition profile in the same order of magnitude as donepezil (DPZ, IC50 = 2.17 µM), also displaying nanomolar affinity in SERT. Moreover, compounds 17 and 24 displayed high SERT affinities (IC50 = 9.2 and 1.9 nM respectively) similar to the antidepressant citalopram, and significant micromolar AChE activity at the same time. All the bioactive compounds showed a low toxicity profile in the range of concentrations studied. Molecular docking allowed us to rationalize the binding mode of the synthesized compounds in both targets. In addition, we also show that compounds 11 and 25 exhibit significant ß-amyloid lowering activity in a cell-based assay, 11 (50% inhibition, 10 µM) and 25 (35% inhibition, 10 µM). These results suggest that indolylpropyl benzamidopiperazines based compounds constitute promising leads for a multitargeted approach for Alzheimer's disease.

Antimony as a tracer of non-exhaust traffic emissions in air pollution in Granada (S Spain) using lichen bioindicators.

We have studied the metal air pollution trends in a medium-sized Spanish city suffering from traffic emission using in-situ lichen Xanthoria parietina as a bioindicator. The large scale sampling included 97 samples from urban, metropolitan and remote control areas of Granada that were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. Enrichment factor of Sb exhibited severe anthropogenic enrichment, whereas Cu and Sb showed significantly higher median values in the urban areas with respect to metropolitan areas. Additionally, bioaccumulation ratios of V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, and Pb -associated to exhaust and non-exhaust traffic emissions- enabled us to delineate hot spots of metal(loid) accumulation in the main accesses to the city, characterized by dense traffic and copious traffic jams. To distinguish non-exhaust emissions, we studied the spatial distribution of the Cu:Sb ratio -a tracer of brake wear- highlighting the surroundings of the highway and the main traffic accesses to the city likely due to sudden hard braking and acceleration during frequent traffic jams. Our study shows that the metal(loid) contents in lichens are excellent proxies for non-exhaust traffic emissions and that their contribution to the metal(loid) air pollution in Granada is more significant than previously thought.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on a benzoxazine core.

With the purpose of expanding the structural variety of chemical compounds available as pharmacological tools for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, we synthesized and evaluated a novel series of indole-benzoxazinones (Family I) and benzoxazine-arylpiperazine derivatives (Family II) for potential human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitory properties. The most active compounds 7a and 7d demonstrated effective inhibitory profiles with Ki values of 20.3 ± 0.9 µM and 20.2 ± 0.9 µM, respectively. Kinetic inhibition assays showed non-competitive inhibition of AChE by the tested compounds. According to our docking studies, the most active compounds from both series (Families I and II) showed a binding mode similar to donepezil and interact with the same residues.

Herbal extracts differentially inhibit oxidative effects caused by the biotransformation of nifurtimox, nitrofurantoin and acetaminophen on rat liver microsomes / Extractos herbales inhiben diferencialmente los efectos oxidativos causados por la biotransformación de nifurtimox, nitrofurantoína y acetaminofeno en microsomas hepáticos de rata]

Inflammation is a cellular defensive mechanism associated to oxidative stress. The administration of nitrofurantoin, nifurtimox and acetaminophen generates oxidative stress by their biotransformation through CYP450 system. The main adverse effect described for the first two drugs is gastrointestinal inflammation and that of the last, hepatitis. Therefore, standardised dry extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis, Buddleja globosa Hope, Cynara scolymus L., Echinacea purpurea and Hedera helix were tested to evaluate their capacity to decrease drug-induced oxidative stress. For that, rat liver microsomes were incubated with drugs in the presence of NADPH (specific CYP450 system cofactor) to test oxidative damage on microsomal lipids, thiols, and GST activity. All drugs tested induced oxidation of microsomal lipids and thiols, and inhibition of GST activity. Herbal extracts prevented these phenomena in different extension. These results show that antioxidant phytodrugs previously evaluated could alleviate drugs adverse effects associated to oxidative stress.

Inflamación es un mecanismo de defensa el cual está asociado a estrés oxidativo. La administración de nitrofurantoína, nifurtimox y paracetamol genera estrés oxidativo al metabolizarse a través del sistema CYP450. El principal efecto adverso de los dos primeros fármacos es inflamación gastrointestinal y del tercero, hepatitis. Por lo tanto, utilizamos diversos extractos herbales para disminuir el estrés oxidativo inducido por estos fármacos. Para esto se incubaron microsomas hepáticos de rata con dichos fármacos en presencia de NADPH (cofactor específico del sistema CYP450) y se evaluó el daño oxidativo generado sobre los lípidos, los tioles y la actividad GST microsómica. Todos los fármacos indujeron oxidación de los lípidos y los tioles microsómicos e inhibieron la actividad GST. Los extractos herbales previnieron estos fenómenos oxidativos en diferente extensión. Estos resultados indican que fitofármacos antioxidantes previamente evaluados, podrían aliviar los efectos adversos asociados a estrés oxidativo de los fármacos.

Actividad antioxidante y efecto ansiolítico de extractos secos estandarizados de Melissa officinalis y Rosmarinus officinalis en ratas Sprague Dawley / Antioxidant activity and anxiolytic effect of standardized dry extracts of Melissa officinalis and Rosmarinus officinalis in Sprague Dawley rats

Las plantas poseen una gran cantidad de compuestos antioxidantes, tales como polifenoles, los cuales han sido aprovechados ampliamente en la medicina popular a través del consumo de estas plantas medicinales para tratar diversas dolencias y enfermedades. Hoy en día, muchas enfermedades se han asociado a estrés oxidativo, frente a lo cual la búsqueda y el desarrollo de nuevas terapias antioxidantes han aumentado considerablemente. Enfermedades neurodegenerativas, tales como Parkinson y Alzheimer, se han asociado a estrés oxidativo, probablemente por altas concentraciones neuronales de cobre y hierro. Así también desordenes psiquiátricos, como depresión y ansiedad, se han asociado a niveles elevados de productos de peroxidación lipídica. De aquí surge nuestro interés en la evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de Melissa officinalis y Rosmarinus officinalis, así como el efecto ansiolítico de la administración de preparados herbales de estas plantas en modelo murino. Se indujo lipoperoxidación de microsomas hepáticos de rata a través del sistema oxidante Cu2+/ascorbato. Ambos extractos previnieron lipoperoxidación, así como fueron capaces de prevenir la disminución de los tioles proteicos inducida por Cu2+, tanto en presencia como en ausencia de ascorbato. Esto indica que los principios activos presentes en estos extractos podrían ejercer su acción antioxidante de, al menos, dos mecanismos: atrapamiento de radicales libres del oxígeno, y quelación de iones metálicos que generan ROS a través de las reacciones de Haber-Weiss y/o Fenton. Más aún, ambos extractos fueron capaces de inhibir la actividad N-desmetilante de aminopirina del sistema citocromo P450, el cual metaboliza sustratos lipofílicos. Experimentos conductuales en ratas mostraron que extractos secos estandarizados de ambas plantas produjeron un efecto significativo sobre la actividad motora y exploratoria, lo que indica actividad ansiolítica. Estos resultados preliminares permiten dar paso al desarrollo de nuevos fitofármacos seguros y eficaces para el tratamiento de enfermedades psiquiátricas.

Estudo prospectivo de 76 casos de fratura do acetábulo tratados cirurgicamente / Prospective study on seventy-six cases of fractured acetabulum with surgical treatment

OBJETIVO: Fazer estudo prospectivo sobre fratura instável e incongruente do acetábulo, comparativo com a literatura, abordando o tipo de acesso, material de fixação, grau de redução, tipo de fratura e seus resultados após cirurgia. MÉTODOS: Os autores avaliaram 76 pacientes com fratura instável e incongruente do acetábulo entre janeiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2009. A classificação utilizada foi a de Marvin Tile e todos foram tratados cirurgicamente segundo a técnica preconizada pelo grupo AO-ASIF. RESULTADOS: A avaliação radiológica foi feita segundo os critérios de Ruesch; foram obtidos resultados bons, ótimos e perfeitos em 64 pacientes (84,2 por cento). Quanto à avaliação clínica, segundo os critérios de Harris, os resultados foram bons e ótimos em 62 pacientes (81,6 por cento). As complicações foram avaliadas e, quando comparadas com a literatura, mostraram-se compatíveis mesmo após a análise estatística. CONCLUSÃO: Os autores concluem que a redução anatômica e a fixação estável são importantes para um bom resultado.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a prospective study on unstable and incongruent fractures of the acetabulum, in comparison with the literature, covering the type of access, fixation materials, degree of reduction, type of fracture and results after surgery. METHODS: The authors evaluated 76 patients with unstable and incongruent fracture of the acetabulum between January 1999 and December 2009. The Marvin Tile classification was used, and all cases were treated surgically using the technique recommended by the AO-ASIF group. RESULTS: The radiological evaluation was done in accordance with the Ruesch criteria, and good, excellent or perfect results were obtained for 64 patients (84.2 percent). The clinical evaluation was done in accordance with the Harris criteria, and good or excellent results were obtained for 62 patients (81.6 percent). The complications were assessed and, in comparison with the literature, were shown to be compatible with previous reports even after the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that anatomical reduction and stable fixation are important for good results.

Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics for orthopaedic reconstructions: clinical outcomes.

BCP are considered the most promising biomaterials for bone reconstruction. This study aims at analyzing the outcomes of patients who received BCP as bone substitutes in orthopaedic surgeries. Sixty-six patients were categorized according to the etiology and morphology of the bone defects and received scores after clinical and radiographic evaluations. The final results corresponded to the combination of both parameters and varied from 5 (excellent result) to 2 or lower (poor result). Most of the patients who presented cavitary defects or bone losses due to prosthesis placement or revision, osteotomies, or arthrodesis showed good results, and some of them excellent results. However, patients with segmental defects equal or larger than 3 cm in length were classified as moderate results. This study established clinical parameters where the BCP alone can successfully support the osteogenic process and where the association with other tissue engineering strategies may be considered.

Acute toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in Mexico.

Toxoplasma gondii causes fatal multisystemic disease in New World primates, with respiratory failure and multifocal necrotic lesions. Although cases and outbreaks of toxoplasmosis have been described, there are few genotyping studies and none has included parasite load quantification. In this article, we describe two cases of lethal acute toxoplasmosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) of Mexico city. The main pathological findings included pulmonary edema, interstitial pneumonia, hepatitis and necrotizing lymphadenitis, and structures similar to T. gondii tachyzoites observed by histopathology in these organs. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy and both end point and real time PCR. The load was between <14 and 23 parasites/mg tissue. Digestion of the SAG3 gene amplicon showed similar bands to type I reference strains. These are the first cases of toxoplasmosis in primates studied in Mexico, with clinical features similar to others reported in Israel and French Guiana, although apparently caused by a different T. gondii variant.

Estudo comparativo entre a classificação radiológica e análise macro e microscópica das lesões na osteoartrose do joelho / Comparative study between radiological classification and macro and microscopic analysis on osteoarthrotic lesions of the knee

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a classificação radiológica de Ahlbäck modificada com a análise macroscópica das lesões do joelho e localizar a topografia da lesão condral no planalto tibial, relacionando-a com a integridade ou não do ligamento cruzado anterior. MÉTODOS: No período de julho a dezembro de 2009, foram selecionados 40 pacientes com indicação para artroplastia total do joelho; a média de idade foi de 67,1 anos. Quanto à classificação radiológica, foi utilizada a classificação de Ahlbäck modificada. Para análise macroscópica das lesões foi utilizada a classificação da International Cartilage Repair Society. As lesões condrais foram relacionadas com a integridade ou não do ligamento cruzado anterior. RESULTADOS: Quanto à classificação radiológica dos joelhos, três (7,5 por cento) foram classificados como grau 1, dois (5 por cento) como grau 2, 17 (42,5 por cento) como grau 3, 16 (40 por cento) como grau 4 e dois (5 por cento) como grau 5. Em relação à análise macroscópica do joelho, 25 (62,5 por cento) pacientes apresentaram lesão muito grave e 15 (37,5 por cento), lesão grave. Nos oito joelhos (20 por cento) com LCA rompido, a lesão se estendia para a região posterior do planalto tibial medial. Quando o LCA estava íntegro, a lesão estava localizada na região anterocentral. CONCLUSÃO: As osteoartroses dos joelhos, graus 4 e 5 na classificação radiológica, apresentaram concordância com a análise macroscópica, lesão condral muito grave. Já os graus 1, 2 e 3 foram discordantes. Nos casos de osteoartrose com LCA íntegro, a lesão localizou-se na região anterocentral do planalto tibial medial, e os com LCA rompido apresentaram extensão da lesão para a região posterior do planalto.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the modified Ahlbäck radiological classification with macroscopic analysis of knee injuries and locate a chondral lesion in the tibial plateau, and to correlate this with integrity or lack of integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July and December 2009, 40 patients of mean age 67.1 years with an indication for total knee arthroplasty were selected. The modified Ahlbäck radiological classification was used. The International Cartilage Repair Society classification was used for macroscopic analysis of the lesions. Chondral injuries were correlated with the integrity or lack of integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. RESULTS: Regarding the radiological classification of the knees, three (7.5 percent) were classified as grade 1, two (5 percent) as grade 2, 17 (42.5 percent) as grade 3, 16 (40 percent) as grade 4 and two (5 percent) as grade 5. The macroscopic analysis of the knee showed that 25 patients (62.5 percent) had very severe injury and 15 (37.5 percent), severe. In eight knees (20 percent) with ruptured ACL, the lesion extended to the posterior region of the medial tibial plateau. When the ACL was intact, the lesion was located in the anterior-central region. CONCLUSION: Knee osteoarthrosis of grades 4 and 5 in the radiological classification, showed agreement with the macroscopic analysis, i.e. very severe chondral injury. However, grades 1, 2 and 3 were discordant. In the cases of osteoarthrosis with intact ACL, the lesion was located in the anterior-central region of the medial tibial plateau, and those with ruptured ACL had the lesion extending to the posterior region of the plateau.

COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN RADIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION AND MACRO AND MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS ON OSTEOARTHRITIS LESIONS OF THE KNEE.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the modified Ahlbäck radiological classification with macroscopic analysis of knee injuries and locate a chondral lesion in the tibial plateau, and to correlate this with integrity or lack of integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July and December 2009, 40 patients of mean age 67.1 years with an indication for total knee arthroplasty were selected. The modified Ahlbäck radiological classification was used. The International Cartilage Repair Society classification was used for macroscopic analysis of the lesions. Chondral injuries were correlated with the integrity or lack of integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament. RESULTS: Regarding the radiological classification of the knees, three (7.5%) were classified as grade 1, two (5%) as grade 2, 17 (42.5%) as grade 3, 16 (40%) as grade 4 and two (5%) as grade 5. The macroscopic analysis of the knee showed that 25 patients (62.5%) had very severe injury and 15 (37.5%), severe. In eight knees (20%) with ruptured ACL, the lesion extended to the posterior region of the medial tibial plateau. When the ACL was intact, the lesion was located in the anterior-central region. CONCLUSION: Knee osteoarthritis of grades 4 and 5 in the radiological classification, showed agreement with the macroscopic analysis, i.e. very severe chondral injury. However, grades 1, 2 and 3 were discordant. In the cases of osteoarthritis with intact ACL, the lesion was located in the anterior-central region of the medial tibial plateau, and those with ruptured ACL had the lesion extending to the posterior region of the plateau.

PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON SEVENTY-SIX CASES OF FRACTURED ACETABULUM WITH SURGICAL TREATMENT.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a prospective study on unstable and incongruent fractures of the acetabulum, in comparison with the literature, covering the type of access, fixation materials, degree of reduction, type of fracture and results after surgery. METHODS: The authors evaluated 76 patients with unstable and incongruent fracture of the acetabulum between January 1999 and December 2009. The Marvin Tile classification was used, and all cases were treated surgically using the technique recommended by the AO-ASIF group. RESULTS: The radiological evaluation was done in accordance with the Ruesch criteria, and good, excellent or perfect results were obtained for 64 patients (84.2%). The clinical evaluation was done in accordance with the Harris criteria, and good or excellent results were obtained for 62 patients (81.6%). The complications were assessed and, in comparison with the literature, were shown to be compatible with previous reports even after the statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that anatomical reduction and stable fixation are important for good results.

Correlatos antropométricos de la obsesión por la musculatura / Anthropometric correlates of muscle obsession

A la fecha, pocos estudios han evaluado la relación entre las medidas antropométricas y la obsesión por la musculatura (OM). Por lo anterior, el propósito de este estudio fue examinar los correlatos antropométricos de la OM. 76 varones universitarios contestaron la Escala de Obsesión por la Musculatura e individualmente se midió su peso, su talla y cuatro panículos adiposos (biceps, triceps, supraescapular y suprailiaco). No se observaron correlaciones significativas entre la puntuación total de la OM y los indicadores antropométricos (índice de masa corporal, densidad corporal, porcentaje de grasa, índice de masa libre de grasa e índice cintura cadera). Los índices antropométricos no se relacionaron con la OM, lo cual sugiere que la composición corporal actual de los participantes no se relaciona con la OM. El hecho de que el índice de masa libre de grasa no se relacionó con la OM es notable porque se esperaría mayor OM en los hombres con musculatura media. Una posible explicación es que la OM podría asociarse con la figura corporal, más que con la masa muscular corporal. Los hallazgos del presente estudio incrementan nuestro conocimiento de la OM en varones y pueden contribuir en el diseño de intervenciones enfocadas a disminuir la OM.

To date, few studies have assessed the relationship between anthropometric measures and drive for muscularity (DM). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine anthropometric correlates of DM. 76 college men answered the Drive for Muscularity Scale, and individually their weight, height and four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, suprascapular, and suprailiac) were measured. There were no significant correlations between DMS total score and anthropometric indicators (body mass index, body density, body-fat percentage, fat-free mass index, and waist to hip ratio). Anthropometric indices were not related to the DM, suggesting that the current body composition of participants was not related to the DM. The fact that the fat-free mass index was not associated with DM is significant because we expect more DM in men with average muscularity. One possible explanation is that the DM could be associated with body shape, rather than lean body mass. The findings of this study increase our understanding of the DM in men and may help in designing interventions to decrease the DM.

USE OF BIOCERAMICS IN FILLING BONE DEFECTS.

OBJECTIVE: To present the results from using biological ceramics for filling bone defects resulting from post-traumatic or orthopedic injuries. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with bone defects caused by trauma or orthopedic injury were evaluated. Nineteen patients were male (52.8%) and 17 were female (47.2%). Their ages ranged from 19 to 84 years, with a mean of 45.7 years and median of 37 years. Only patients with defects that required at least five grams of biological ceramic were included. Eighteen cases were classified as orthopedic: bone defects were observed in 11 cases of total hip arthroplasty; one case of primary total hip arthroplasty, due to coxarthrosis; five cases of femoral or tibial open wedge osteotomy; and one case of tarsal arthrodesis. There were 18 cases of trauma-related defects; uninfected pseudarthrosis, eight cases; recent fractures of the tibial plateau with compression of the spongy bone, three cases; and exposed fractures treated with external fixators, seven cases. The surgical technique consisted of curetting and debriding the injury until bone suitable for grafting was found. Biological ceramic was then used to fill the defect and some kind of fixation was applied. RESULTS: Among the 36 patients evaluated, it was seen that 35 (97.2%) presented integration of the biological ceramic, while one case of open fracture treated with external fixation had poor integration of the biological ceramic. CONCLUSION: Treatment of bone defects of orthopedic or post-traumatic etiology using a phosphocalcium ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite was shown to be a practical, effective and safe method.

Uso da biocerâmica no preenchimento de falhas ósseas / Use of bioceramics in filling bone defects

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados encontrados com o uso da biocerâmica no preenchimento das falhas ósseas decorrentes de lesões traumáticas ou ortopédicas. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 36 pacientes, portadores de falhas ósseas de etiologia pós-traumática ou ortopédica, 19 pacientes do sexo masculino (52,8 por cento) e 17 do sexo feminino (47,2 por cento). A idade variou de 19 a 84 anos, com média de 45,7 anos e mediana de 37 anos. Foram incluídos apenas os pacientes com falhas que necessitaram, no mínimo, cinco gramas de biocerâmica. Foram classificadas como ortopédicas o total de 18 casos; as falhas ósseas observadas nas revisões de artroplastias totais do quadril, 11 casos; artroplastia total do quadril, primária, por coxartrose, um caso; osteotomias de fêmur ou tíbia de cunha aberta, cinco casos, e artrodese do tarso, um caso. Como falhas pós-traumática, 18 casos; as pseudoartroses não infectadas, oito casos; fraturas recentes do planalto tibial com compressão do osso esponjoso, três casos; fraturas expostas tratadas com fixadores externos, sete casos. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi o de curetar e desbridar a lesão até se encontrar osso de aspecto viável a enxertia, a seguir utilizou-se a biocerâmica para preenchimento da falha e algum tipo de fixação. RESULTADO: Dos 36 pacientes avaliados, observou-se que 35 (97,2 por cento) apresentaram integração da biocerâmica, um caso de fratura exposta tratada com fixador externo apresentou integração deficiente da biocerâmica. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento de falhas ósseas de etiologia pós-traumática ou ortopédica, com o uso da cerâmica fosfocálcica composta de hidroxiapatita, se revelou um método prático, eficaz e seguro.

OBJETIVE: To present the results of the use of biological ceramic in filling bone defects resulting from traumatic or orthopedic injuries. METHODS: We evaluated 36 patients with bone defects caused by trauma or orthopedic injury. Nineteen patients were male (52.8 percent) and 17 were female (47.2 percent). Age ranged from 19 to 84 years, with a mean of 45.7 years and median of 37 years. We only included patients with defects which required at least five grams of biological ceramic. Eighteen cases were classified as orthopedic; bone defects were observed in 11 of the total hip arthroplasties; one case of primary total hip arthroplasty, by coxarthrosis; femoral or tibial open wedge osteotomies, five cases; and tarsal arthrodesis, one case. There were 18 cases of trauma-related defects; uninfected pseudarthrosis, 8 cases; recent fractures of the tibial plateau with compression of the spongious bone, 3 cases; and fractures treated with external fixators, 7 cases. The surgical technique consisted of curetting and debriding the injury until viable bone for grafting was found. Biological ceramic was used to fill the gap and some kind of fixation was applied. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients evaluated, we observed that 35 (97.2 percent) showed integration of biological ceramic, 1 case of open fracture treated with external fixation had poor integration of biological ceramic. CONCLUSION: Treatment of bone defects of orthopedic or traumatic etiology with the use of a phospho-calcium ceramic composed of hydroxyapatite, has been proven as practical, effective and safe.

La prevención de las drogas en ambientes juveniles de Camagüey desde la perspectiva de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad / Drugs prevention in youthful environments in Camaguey from the perspective of science, technology and society

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo valorar desde la perspectiva de las relaciones entre la ciencia, la tecnología y la sociedad, la trayectoria científico- tecnológica de la propuesta del “Modelo teórico - metodológico para la prevención de las manifestaciones de drogas en los ambientes juveniles de la provincia Camagüey”. Con este trabajo se contribuye al estudio de las condicionantes sociales del desarrollo de la Ciencia de la Prevención Social tales como: políticas, jurídicas, éticas y científicas; y de su impacto en la solución de un problema dañino desde el punto de vista de la salud social e individual, que hoy aqueja a un grupo no significativo de la juventud cubana. El resultado científico obtenido por la propuesta de acciones preventivas, tiene importancia práctica al poner en manos de las instituciones socializadoras, agentes educativos y el Ministerio del Interior en Cuba, un instrumento de trabajo que integra las acciones, y posibilita realizar una labor más integral en relación a la prevención social de las manifestaciones de drogas en ambientes juveniles. El trabajo consta de tres partes, en primer lugar, se esclarecerá en qué consiste la perspectiva mencionada con la cual se realizará la valoración, en segundo lugar, se prestará especial atención a la construcción de la Ciencia de la Prevención en su contexto social y sus diversas condicionantes; por último, se develará el impacto social de ese modelo que propone esta investigación(AU)

This article has as an objective to value, from the perspective of the relationships among science, technology and society, the scientific-technological trajectory of the proposal of a “Theoretic-methodological model for the prevention of drug manifestations at the youthful environments of the province of Camagüey”. With this work, it is contributed to the study of the social conditioning of the development of the Science of Social Prevention, such as: the political, the judicial, the ethical and the scientific ones; and of its impact in the solution of a harmful problem from the viewpoint of the social and individuals health, and which is affecting a non-significant group of the Cuban youth. The scientific result that was obtained by the proposal of preventive actions has practical importance when putting in the hands of socializing institutions, educative agents and the Ministry of Interior in Cuba, a working tool that integrates the actions and makes possible performing a more integral labour in relation to the social prevention of drugs manifestations in youthful environments. The work has three parts: firstly, it will be clarified what the above-mentioned perspective consists of, with which the valuation will be performed; secondly, it will be paid special attention to the construction of the Science of Prevention in both its social context and its diverse conditionings; and lastly, it will be showed the social impact of that model that its being proposed in this investigation(AU)